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The increase in biodiesel production has resulted in the oversupply of glycerol into the market. Purified and processed glycerol has found many direct applications in pharmaceuticals, food, etc. However, the cost of processing and market value of processed glycerol has driven the research of direct utilization of crude glycerol to industrially essential chemicals. Various methods and research have been devoted to using glycerol to produce value-added products separately. Glycerol can undergo several transformation reactions like hydrogenation, oxidation, alcoholysis, and etherification. Etherification of glycerol can be divided into three main reactions: self-etherification, using alcohol, and olefins and these products have vast applications such as fuel additives, plasticizer, etc. The current review presents a comprehensive summary of glycerol etherification to value-added products and their applications. The catalytic system developed along with reaction conditions and the factors responsible for the better activity is also discussed. Overall, the review presents a detailed discussion on the catalytic system developed, the utilization of different alcohols and olefins, and the application of products. Moreover, the environmental and economic aspects of the etherification of glycerol via various conversion routes while assessing the process parameters needs to be tackled to attain wider adoption of the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Holy Indian science of Ayurveda is one of the master stroke in Research field in todays era. The holy science still needs the research in its most areas & in a proper way. There are most of the topics & concepts in Ayurveda that has to be elaborated & deeply studied. Garbha sharir is one such topic that holds importance. It is been described properly in Sharirsthana of Samhitas. Charaka says that Shukra, Shonita & Jeeva comes together to form Garbha. The best thing of Ayurveda is that the concept of beeja, embryology that is Garbhavakranti & concept of fertilization that is Garbhadhana is properly & authentically described. As its well known that Embryology deals with hereditary factors, month wise development of fetus, sex determination etc, it is very curious & interesting phenomenon to see a embryo growing inside the womb. Ayurvedic view of Garbha Sharir and modern embryology can mostly be correlated in almost all ways & aspects. The present article is a sincere effort to study the concept of Garbha sharir in Ayurveda & its exploration & proper explaination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormal accumulation of extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neuronal damage. Although AD is typically considered a cognitive neurodegenerative disorder, almost all people diagnosed with AD develop neuropsychiatric complications at some stage in their life span. The present study investigated the effect of chronic Nattokinase (NK) administration on β-Amyloid peptide (Aβ 1-42 ) induced neuropsychiatric conditions (depression-like behaviour, anxiety, and memory impairment) in mice. Aβ 1-42 peptide injected mice demonstrated depression, anxiety, and impairment of cognitive abilities evaluated as increased immobility time in forced swim test (FST), decreased open arm time/entries in elevated plus maze (EPM) and reference and working memory error in radial arm maze (RAM) respectively with elevation in Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), reduction in Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) immunocontent within the hippocampus. Chronic administration of NK (50-100 mg/kg, i.p.) from day 8-27, prevented depression-like behaviour, anxiety, and memory impairment and normalized the neurochemical alteration within the hippocampus of mice injected with Aβ 1-42 peptide. The effect of NK on psychiatric complications, learning, and memory was comparable to peripheral donepezil treatment. This study suggests that NK improves learning, memory impairment, and neuropsychiatric complications possibly through the downregulation of neuroinflammatory pathways and restoring BDNF signalling in AD., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Authors hereby declare that there are no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)