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ObjectiveTo evaluate the reproductive toxicity of water extract of flower of Dendrobium devonianum Paxt.MethodsAccording to the reproductive toxicity evaluation from National Standard of the People’s Republic of China ‘Reproductive Toxicity Study’（GB 15193.15—2015）， 240 nine-week-old SD rats （120 male and 120 female） were randomly grouped by body weight at a dose of 0.0， 2.5， 5.0 and 15.0 g/kg∙BW， respectively. SD rats were administrated by gavage. The detection included the body weight and and ingestion variations from 1st to10th week， reproductive organ weights and coefficients of F0 rats； the sperm parameters of F0 male rats， and estrous cycles， fertility index （conception and pregnancy rate）， teratogenicity index （uterus weight， implantation number， corpus luteum number， living embryo number， resorption embryo number/rate and dead embryo number/rate） of F0 female rats； the survival rate and body weight variation during lactation period， anogenital distance， average litter size， sex ratio of F1 rats； the puberty onset （testis descending， foreskin separation， vaginal opening）， body weight variation， reproductive organ weights and coefficients， and sperm parameters of F1 rats； the pathological examination on harvested organs of F0 and F1 rats including testis， epididymis， uterus and ovaries.ResultsCompared with control group， no significant difference in reproductive toxicity to F0 and F1 rats was observed in three dose groups （P>0.05）. And no significant change was observed via histopathological examination.ConclusionIn this reproductive test， the no observed adverse effect level （NOAEL） of water extract of the flower of Dendrobium devonianum Paxt.is 15.0 g/kg∙BW.

Since the quality of steel is of paramount importance in modern production, the defects detection of steel surface is significantly crucial. In this field, two‐stage detection algorithms have encountered issues about low detection speed, while one‐stage detection algorithms have room for improvement in detection accuracy. How to trade‐off between accuracy and speed of detection to better meet the demands of industrial production remains a challenge. To address this problem, this paper proposes a You Only Look Once version 5 (YOLOv5)‐based improved method ACD‐YOLO. ACD‐YOLO model incorporates anchors optimization, context augmentation module, and efficient convolution operators. In anchor optimization, the boundaries of anchors are optimized using an improved genetic algorithm. Moreover, to improve detection accuracy, a context augmentation module is incorporated into both the head and the backbone end of the network. Additionally, efficient convolution operators are adopted to address the increase of computation complexity caused by the context augmentation module. Experimental results show that ACD‐YOLO achieves mean average precision of 79.3%, with frames per second of 72. Compared to reference methods, ACD‐YOLO achieves the best balance between accuracy and speed of detection, and is more suitable for practice industrial production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete genomic sequence of a novel potyvirus was determined from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. Its genomic RNA consists of 9,660 nucleotides (nt) excluding the 3’-terminal poly (A) tail, containing the typical open reading frame (ORF) of potyviruses and encoding a putative large polyprotein of 3030 amino acids. The virus shares 53.9-70.1% nt sequence identity and 43.9-73.2% amino acid sequence identity with other viruses classified within the genus Potyvirus. Proteolytic cleavage sites and conserved motifs of the potyviruses were identified in the polyprotein and within individual proteins. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the virus is most closely related to members of the BCMV subgroup. The results suggest that the virus should be classified as a novel species within the genus Potyvirus, which we tentatively name “Paris mosaic necrosis virus”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]