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To investigate the impact of sediment on water infiltration and soil structure under muddy water irrigation conditions, indoor muddy water film hole infiltration experiments were conducted. Four different muddy water sediment concentrations (3%, 6%, 9%, 12%) and four typical sediment particle size distributions (which were quantified by the physical clay content with a particle size of less than 0.01 mm, d0.01: 9.13%, 16.46%, 27.34%, 44.02%) were employed to examine how muddy water properties affect infiltration law and the stratum compactum soil particle composition under film hole irrigation. The results showed that as the muddy water sediment concentration and physical clay content increased, the wetting front migration distance, cumulative infiltration amount, and soil water content gradually decreased simultaneously. The Kostiakov infiltration model effectively captured the changes in soil water infiltration during muddy water film hole irrigation, exhibiting a strong fit with a high coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.9). With higher muddy water sediment concentration, the deposition layer thickness increases within the same infiltration time. Conversely, higher physical clay content leads to a decrease in deposition layer thickness. The characteristics of the muddy water have a significant impact on the particle composition of the soil in the stratum compactum caused by film hole irrigation. The deposition layer has a lower relative content of fine soil particles compared to muddy water, but this content increases with higher muddy water sediment concentration and physical clay content. In the stranded layer soil, fine particles have a higher relative content than the original soil. Fine particle content increases notably with higher muddy water sediment concentration and physical clay content. The stranded layer soil particles exhibit a higher fractal dimension than the original soil, and as the infiltrated soil layer depth increases, the soil fractal dimension decreases until it matches the original soil. The fractal dimension increased with the increase in muddy water sediment concentration and physical clay content in muddy water irrigation conditions under the same soil layer depth. This research findings could serve as a theoretical foundation for understanding soil water movement under muddy water irrigation conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which caused coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is spreading worldwide and posing enormous losses to human health and socio-economic. Due to the limitations of medical and health conditions, it is still a huge challenge to develop appropriate discharge standards for patients with COVID-19 and to use medical resources in a timely and effective manner. Similar to other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 has a very complex discontinuous transcription process to generate subgenomic RNA (sgRNA). Some studies support that sgRNA of SARS-CoV-2 can only exist when the virus is active and is an indicator of virus replication. The results of sgRNA detection in patients can be used to evaluate the condition of hospitalized patients, which is expected to save medical resources, especially personal protective equipment. There have been numerous investigations using different methods, especially molecular methods to detect sgRNA. Here, we introduce the process of SARS-CoV-2 sgRNA formation and the commonly used molecular diagnostic methods to bring a new idea for clinical detection in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a wide range of chronic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in both adults and children, synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) are one of the most effective treatments. However, besides other adverse effects, GCs inhibit bone mass at multiple levels, and at different ages, especially in puberty. Although extensive studies have investigated the mechanism of GC-induced osteoporosis, their target cell populations still be obscure. Here, our data show that the osteoblast subpopulation among Gli1+ metaphyseal mesenchymal progenitors (MMPs) is responsive to GCs as indicated by lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing experiments. Furthermore, the proliferation and differentiation of Gli1+ MMPs are both decreased, which may be because GCs impair the oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS) and aerobic glycolysis of Gli1+ MMPs. Teriparatide, as one of the potential treatments for GCs in bone mass, is sought to increase bone volume by increasing the proliferation and differentiation of Gli1+ MMPs in vivo. Notably, our data demonstrate teriparatide ameliorates GC-caused bone defects by targeting Gli1+ MMPs. Thus, Gli1+ MMPs will be the potential mesenchymal progenitors in response to diverse pharmaceutical administrations in regulating bone formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to contribute knowledge on the method used to calculate the actual crop evapotranspiration, soil, crop, atmosphere, and water spatial structure were integrated into a complete system. Based on the energy balance equation and aerodynamic equation, the meteorological data was reduced and the crop physiological parameter was increased, then the crop evapotranspiration calculation model under natural conditions was derived. The crop evapotranspiration calculation model was verified by the water balance formula using data generated from corn, potato, and flue‐cured tobacco grown under field conditions for three consecutive years from 2017 to 2019. The results showed that: from 2017 to 2019, the average root mean square error for measured and calculated evapotranspiration of corn, potato, and flue‐cured tobacco at different growth times were 0.5948, 0.4753, and 0.3326, respectively, the mean deviation, mean absolute error, and mean relative error were small, and the coefficient of determination and consistency index were both greater than 0.9100. The measured and calculated crop evapotranspiration of the selected crops increased at first and then decreased gradually as the crops matured, and finally decreased to harvest evapotranspiration, showing a parabolic trend. The crop evapotranspiration calculation model not only reflects the actual evapotranspiration of crops at different growth time but also reflects the change law of actual crop evapotranspiration. The model does not need the correction of soil moisture content, irrigation method, and crop coefficient and can directly calculate the actual crop evapotranspiration. It has the characteristics of consistency between the calculated value and the measured value, strong applicability, simple calculation process, and high accuracy and has the best effect on monitoring soil moisture and crop water shortage sensitivity. The model is significance in that it guides for monitoring soil moisture, determining actual crop evapotranspiration, crop water shortage index, and high yield and efficiency under water‐saving conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]