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A multi-stage response procedure for identifying possible ingress nodes (PINs) and quantifying the likelihood that a PIN in a given water distribution system is the actual point of ingress is described. The procedure uses data mining to successively decrease the number of PINs based on a pre-constructed database. In each stage, query sentences are executed to locate the PINs and a Euclidean distance is proposed to estimate the probability, to allow the identification of locations with the highest probabilities of being the true ingress location. As demonstrated in a case study, the ranges of PINs are reduced in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd stages; except the first sensor alarm, the Euclidean distance metric can identify the true ingress node with the program run-time of less than 2 min; the multi-stage procedure saves roughly 3 h in identifying the true ingress node after the second sensor alarm, instead of waiting for a third sensor alarm to provide the location information. The multi-stage response procedure is shown to be an effective and efficient way for identification and probability quantification of PINs. Key words: data mining, water distribution systems, contaminant source identification, contaminant ingress, probability. Une procedure d'intervention a plusieurs etapes est decrite pour identifier les neouds d'entree possibles (<< PIN >>) et quantifier la possibilite qu'un PIN soit le point reel d'entree dans un systeme de distribution de l'eau. La proce dure utilise l'exploration de donnees pour diminuer successivement le nombre de PIN en se basant sur une base de donne es preconstituee. A chaque etape, des phrases d'interrogations sont executees afin de localiser les PIN et une distance euclidienne est proposee afin d'estimer la probabilite, cela dans le but d'identifier les emplacements possedant les plus fortes probabilites d'etre le veritable endroit d'entree. Tel que demontre dans une etude de cas, les plages de PIN sont reduites dans les etapes 1, 2 et 3. Sauf pour la premiere alarme de capteur, la mesure de la distance euclidienne peut identifier le veritable noeud d'entree avec un temps de programme de moins de deux minutes; la procedure a plusieurs etapes sauve environ trois heures pour l'identification du vrai noeud d'entree apres la deuxieme alarme de capteur, au lieu d'attendre une troisieme alarme de capteur qui fournirait de l'information sur l'endroit. La procedure d'intervention a plusieurs etapes est une maniere efficace et efficiente d'identification et de quantification de la probabilite des PIN. Mots-cles : exploration de donnees, systemes de distribution de l'eau, identification des sources de contaminants, entree de contaminants, probabilite. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Many utilities are concerned with the potential for contaminant ingress into water distribution systems (WDS). Contaminant ingress may occur from scenarios including watermain breaks, cross connections, backflow, pressure transients, [...]

BACKGROUND: Several researches reported that natural polyphenols affected acrylamide formation of fried products. However, the effects of different variety of polyphenols on acrylamide formation were distinct. In this study, we isolated and purified phlorizin from apples and identified the influence of phlorizin immersion on acrylamide formation and sensory properties of fried potato strips with regard to the immersion concentration, time and temperature. RESULTS: The acrylamide formation of fried samples decreased as the phlorizin concentration increased from 0 to 0.3 g kg−1, and 0.14 g kg−1 could be selected as the suitable immersion concentration to dramatically inhibit acrylamide formation with considering the cost of industrial production. Additionally, the acrylamide formation significantly reduced from 8.71 × 10−3 to 2.13 × 10−3 g kg−1 lyophilized weight (LW) with immersion time from 0 to 120 min, and 60 min could be selected to significantly reduce acrylamide formation in consideration of efficiency of the large‐scale industrial processing. However, the effect of phlorizin immersion temperature on acrylamide formation of fried samples was not significant. Compared to the fried samples without immersion, the phlorizin immersion improved the color properties and the change of texture parameters was slight. CONCLUSION: The fresh potato strips immersed in the phlorizin solution of 0.14 g kg−1 at 40 °C for 60 min before frying could significantly decrease acrylamide formation of fried samples and retain the majority of fresh sensorial properties. The significant correlations obtained between sensory properties and acrylamide content indicated the sensory properties could be used as the indicator of acrylamide levels during industrial processing. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Danhong injection (DHI) is widely used in the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). We aimed to systematically review the efficacy and safety of DHI in a randomized controlled experiment on MI., Methods: We searched the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of DHI for MI published before 2 April 2023 in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Wanfang database, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrance Library, and Embase databases. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Handbook 5.3 criteria using the RevMan software, and meta-analysis was performed and a forest map was drawn., Results: A total of 38 trials included 3877 patients, including 2022 cases in the DHI treatment group and 1855 cases in the control group. Meta-analysis showed that the total effective rate (RR = 1.18%, 95% CI [1.14-1.12]) during treatment with DHI was higher than that of the control group. The prevalence of cardiac arrhythmia (RR = 0.55%, 95% CI [0.46-0.65]) was lower than that of the control group. The incidence of heart rate failure (RR = 0.45%, 95% CI [0.30-0.70]) was lower than that of the control group. The prevalence of cardiogenic shock (RR = 0.33%, 95% CI [0.11-1.04]) was p > 0.05, and the difference was not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference in LVEF between the two groups (MD = 0.00%, 95% CI [0.00-0.00]). CK-MB (MD = -0.81%, 95% CI [-0.92∼ -0.69]) was lower than the control group. hs-CRP (MD = -1.09, 95% CI [-1.22∼ -0.97]) was lower than the control group. The incidence of adverse reactions (RR = 0.37, The 95% CI [0.17-0.82]) was lower than that in the control group., Conclusion: Basing on our study, the use of DHI in the treatment of myocardial infarction patients is effective, can improve cardiac function, reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, and improve the overall quality of life., Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42023390973., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Yang, Wang, Shen, Chen and Du.)