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The study examined the effects of rural-urban migration on the economic status of rural residents. The study utilized a mixed-methods research approach to collect and analyze data, first, data were collected through a questionnaire from households whose family members migrated to urban centers, and interviews were held with various heads of villages in the study area. The study reveals that the majority of the migrants were able-bodied youth who migrated to urban centers to seek employment and education. Migrants’ families at places of origin benefited from migration of their own relations to urban centers mainly through remittances which enabled them to improve their livelihood as the remittances were spent on daily consumption and investment into business activities. The study recommends that government should formulate policies that would create employment for citizens in rural areas, and encourage the private sector to build industries in rural areas to prevent rural-urban migration. Government and the private sector should also empower rural farmers through the promotion of markets for farm produce in order to improve the income of rural farmers, reduce poverty, improve the quality of life and well-being, increase their happiness, satisfaction, and minimize rural-urban migration. The study findings are limited to developing countries where rural-urban migration is a challenge due to the generally low quality of life in rural areas. Further research on the effects of rural-urban migration on the economic status of rural residents should involve a quantitative analysis of the impact of remittances by migrants on poverty reduction in rural areas.

The study examined the effects of rural-urban migration on the economic status of rural residents. The study utilized a mixed-methods research approach to collect and analyze data, first, data were collected through a questionnaire from households whose family members migrated to urban centers, and interviews were held with various heads of villages in the study area. The study reveals that the majority of the migrants were able-bodied youth who migrated to urban centers to seek employment and education. Migrants’ families at places of origin benefited from migration of their own relations to urban centers mainly through remittances which enabled them to improve their livelihood as the remittances were spent on daily consumption and investment into business activities. The study recommends that government should formulate policies that would create employment for citizens in rural areas, and encourage the private sector to build industries in rural areas to prevent rural-urban migration. Government and the private sector should also empower rural farmers through the promotion of markets for farm produce in order to improve the income of rural farmers, reduce poverty, improve the quality of life and well-being, increase their happiness, satisfaction, and minimize rural-urban migration. The study findings are limited to developing countries where rural-urban migration is a challenge due to the generally low quality of life in rural areas. Further research on the effects of rural-urban migration on the economic status of rural residents should involve a quantitative analysis of the impact of remittances by migrants on poverty reduction in rural areas.

There are massive reports about near-field electrospinning (NFES) in the literature and the NFES has great tendency for scientific and industrial applications. It is important to improve the machining efficiency of electrospinning. Through the study of the multi-nozzle near-field electrospinning, a new method by adjusting the electrode-to-collector distance (E-C-D) is presented in this paper to make sure the jets with a straight line. The method is divided into two steps: (1) to adjust the E-C-D larger to get the jet at each nozzle, (2) to make the E-C-D smaller enough to get straight jets. Moreover, this paper simulates the electric field density which helps to provide a further understanding on the process of NFES. The experimental results contribute to making a better control on the jets in NFES.

With the double-nozzle NFES process, the uncertainty is more suitable to investigate than the multi-nozzle NFES and also meet higher liquid throughput requirement than conventional electrospinning. Moreover, the key point is to control the deposition characteristics of double-nozzle NFES under the interaction of the nozzles. This paper simulates the change in electric field intensity with the change of nozzle length and voltage. The experiment shows that the deposition distance becomes smaller when needle length increases, however, the influence of voltage is opposite in certain range. According to the study above, the results could be the guidance of the multi-nozzles NEFS in manufacturing process, and also can illustrate the force distribution of the jet with further modification.

Wavy fibers, fabricated via electrospinning, have been designed into many applications, such as the sensors, resonators, electromechanical systems, stretchable electronics products, flexible displays. In order to control the wavy fiber morphology, auxiliary electrodes (A-E) have been designed to control the wavy fibers deposition in near-field electrospinning (NFES), and the alternate current supplied to A-E could control fibrous amplitude and the generated frequency of the wavy fibers well. Here continue to study the wavy fiber deposited morphology via A-E in NFES in this paper, the results show that, there are still many factors would affect the fibrous amplitude, and this paper is aimed at find out the regular of the wavy fiber deposition via the A-E, which are meaningful to control wavy fiber morphology well.

In this paper, the author uses super-efficiency DEA model to measure the national and regional energy efficiency in China; using spatial econometric model and from the perspective of geo-spatial spillover, the author interprets the spatial characteristics of energy efficiency and extracts the main factors that influence the regional energy efficiency. The analysis results show that: (1) the national and regional energy efficiency is consistent with inverted U-shaped curve, and the nationwide energy efficiency gap is increasing; (2) energy efficiency has the obvious effect of the spatial external effect, and when the government makes energy saving strategies, inter-regional energy cooperation and the proliferation of advanced production technology should be given more priority; (3) energy efficiency has significant negative correlation with government intervention, industrial structure, ownership structure, the energy consumption structure, and resource endowments, and has positive correlation wit...