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Tobacco carcinogens metabolism-related genes (TCMGs) could generate reactive metabolites of tobacco carcinogens, which subsequently contributed to multiple diseases. However, the association between genetic variants in TCMGs and bladder cancer susceptibility remains unclear. In this study, we derived TCMGs from metabolic pathways of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and tobacco-specific nitrosamines, and then explored genetic associations between TCMGs and bladder cancer risk in two populations: a Chinese population of 580 cases and 1101 controls, and a European population of 5930 cases and 5468 controls, along with interaction and joint analyses. Expression patterns of TCMGs were sourced from Nanjing Bladder Cancer (NJBC) study and publicly available datasets. Among 43 TCMGs, we observed that rs7087341 T > A in AKR1C2 was associated with a reduced risk of bladder cancer in the Chinese population [odds ratio (OR) = 0.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.72–0.97, P = 1.86 × 10–2]. Notably, AKR1C2 rs7087341 showed an interaction effect with cigarette smoking on bladder cancer risk (Pinteraction = 5.04 × 10–3), with smokers carrying the T allele increasing the risk up to an OR of 3.96 (Ptrend < 0.001). Genetically, rs7087341 showed an allele-specific transcriptional regulation as located at DNA-sensitive regions of AKR1C2 highlighted by histone markers. Mechanistically, rs7087341 A allele decreased AKR1C2 expression, which was highly expressed in bladder tumors that enhanced metabolism of tobacco carcinogens, and thereby increased DNA adducts and reactive oxygen species formation during bladder tumorigenesis. These findings provided new insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying bladder cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the short-term and long-term effectiveness of different levels of financial incentives on increasing the willingness to vaccinate and vaccine uptake. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of financial incentives of three groups with monetary incentives (CNY 20, CNY 40, and CNY 60; 1 CNY = 0.13 EUR) vs. a control group—CNY 0—on influenza vaccine uptake among 720 older adults (≥60 years) in Beijing, China. The primary outcome was vaccine uptake, and the secondary outcomes were intention to vaccinate and length of time to immunization. Financial incentive significantly promoted higher intention to influenza vaccination (120/178 [67.42%] vs. 442/542 [81.55%]; Relative Risk [RR], 1.21; 95% CI, 1.02–1.42) and higher vaccination participation (74/178 [41.57%] vs. 316/542 [58.30%]; RR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.10–1.75). CNY 60 had the largest impact on the intention to vaccinate (15.00% vs. 13.48% and 13.90%) and vaccination uptake (19.42% vs. 14.05% and 16.67%) compared with CNY 20 and CNY 40. Time to vaccination was significantly lower among participants receiving incentives than those without ([37.21 days; 95% CI, 34.33–39.99] vs. [48.27 days; 95% CI, 43.47–53.07]; Hazard Ratio [HR] 1.57, 95% CI 1.22–2.03). We found no long-term influence of financial incentives on vaccination decisions in the following year (217/542, 40.04% vs. 65/178, 36.52%; RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.82–1.42). Our study suggests that modest financial incentives will boost short-term influenza vaccination rates and shorten the length of time to immunization in China. No one single-time financial incentive had a long-term effect on future vaccination behaviours or helped establish regular vaccination behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22) is encoded by a major autoimmunity gene and is a known inhibitor of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and drug target for cancer immunotherapy. However, little is known about PTPN22 posttranslational regulation. Here, we characterize a phosphorylation site at Ser325 situated C terminal to the catalytic domain of PTPN22 and its roles in altering protein function. In human T cells, Ser325 is phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) following TCR stimulation, which promotes its TCR-inhibitory activity. Signaling through the major TCR-dependent pathway under PTPN22 control was enhanced by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated suppression of Ser325 phosphorylation and inhibited by mimicking it via glutamic acid substitution. Global phospho-mass spectrometry showed Ser325 phosphorylation state alters downstream transcriptional activity through enrichment of Swi3p, Rsc8p, and Moira domain binding proteins, and next-generation sequencing revealed it differentially regulates the expression of chemokines and T cell activation pathways. Moreover, in vitro kinetic data suggest the modulation of activity depends on a cellular context. Finally, we begin to address the structural and mechanistic basis for the influence of Ser325 phosphorylation on the protein’s properties by deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. In conclusion, this study explores the function of a novel phosphorylation site of PTPN22 that is involved in complex regulation of TCR signaling and provides details that might inform the future development of allosteric modulators of PTPN22. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a distorted hologram data repair approach for sound field reconstruction. In this approach, an equivalent source model is established by placing a set of equivalent sources near the hologram surface to represent the measured hologram pressures. Each hologram pressure is simultaneously assigned an indicator to describe whether its measurement is corrupted by errors or not. This model is then formulated within a modal framework by utilizing the modes generated through the singular value decomposition of the transfer matrix between the hologram and nearby equivalent source surfaces. Subsequently, the indicators and modal coefficients are assigned the 0–1 and Gaussian prior distributions, respectively, and their posterior distributions are derived using the Bayesian method. The means of the posterior distributions are calculated to discriminate corrupted measurements and repair distorted hologram pressures. Repaired hologram pressures are finally utilized for reconstructions using the equivalent source method. Results from both numerical simulations conducted under various parameter settings and two experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in automatically discriminating all the corrupted measurements and accurately repairing the distorted hologram pressures. Furthermore, the accuracy of the reconstructions using the repaired hologram pressures is comparable to that achieved with the correctly measured pressures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explore the wage effects of offshoring‐induced employment shocks in US commuting zones (CZs) and industries. Using data on petitions for the Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA), we measure such shocks by computing the share of TAA‐certified offshoring‐induced layoffs out of total employment. We further identify material‐offshoring shocks and service‐offshoring shocks and connect the TAA data to individual‐level worker data from the American Community Survey. Empirical results show statistically significant and negative wage effects of the CZ‐level offshoring shocks, especially for service offshoring. On the contrary, we find positive wage effects of industry‐level offshoring shocks in industries exposed to both types of offshoring. Furthermore, we show that offshoring is associated with the widening gender wage gap in local labor markets and that workers in production and highly‐offshorable occupations are more vulnerable to the CZ‐level offshoring shocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates an optimal reinsurance problem for an insurance company with self-exciting claims, where the insurer's historical claims affect the claim intensity itself. We focus on a claim-dependent proportional reinsurance contact, where the term "claim-dependent" signifies that the insurer's risk retention ratio is allowed to depend on claim size. The insurer aims to maximize the expected utility of terminal wealth. By utilizing the dynamic programming principle and verification theorem, we obtain the optimal reinsurance strategy and corresponding value function in closed-form from the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation under an exponential utility function. We show that the claim-dependent proportional reinsurance is optimal among all types of reinsurance under the exponential utility maximization criterion. In addition, we present several analytical properties and numerical examples of the derived optimal strategy and provide economic insights through analytical and numerical analyses. In particular, we show the optimal claim-dependent proportional reinsurance can be considered as a continuous approximation of the step-wise risk sharing rule between the insurer and the reinsurer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although online dating tools have become increasingly diverse over the decades, little is known about the search strategies of individuals or their choices of using certain dating platforms. Based on interviews with 29 heterosexual, highly-educated daters conducted in Shanghai, we examine their strategies for finding a partner online. Online daters can be categorized into three distinct dating types depending on their mating goals and mate preferences: dating, xiangqin (matchmaking), and mixed. We investigated the underlying gendered factors that drove them to specific dating types and guided their choices of online dating platforms. Despite the heterogeneity in dating types, online dating exhibited homophily effects, which may reinforce social inequality in China's marriage market. While existing research often contrasted online dating with "traditional venues" and used online dating to symbolize modernity, we illustrate the subtlety between xiangqin and dating, thereby challenging the widely-used dichotomy of traditionality and modernity in conceptualizing family-related behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discovery of a pathogenic variant in the alpha-synuclein (SNCA) gene in the Contursi kindred in 1997 indisputably confirmed a genetic cause in a subset of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Currently, pathogenic variants in one of the seven established PD genes or the strongest known risk factor gene, GBA1, are identified in ∼15% of PD patients unselected for age at onset and family history. In this Debate article, we highlight multiple avenues of research that suggest an important - and in some cases even predominant - role for genetics in PD aetiology, including familial clustering, high rates of monogenic PD in selected populations, and complete penetrance with certain forms. At first sight, the steep increase in PD prevalence exceeding that of other neurodegenerative diseases may argue against a predominant genetic etiology. Notably, the principal genetic contribution in PD is conferred by pathogenic variants in LRRK2 and GBA1 and, in both cases, characterized by an overall late age of onset and age-related penetrance. In addition, polygenic risk plays a considerable role in PD. However, it is likely that, in the majority of PD patients, a complex interplay of aging, genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors leads to disease development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intramuscular fat (IMF) content and distribution significantly contribute to the eating quality of pork. However, the current methods used for measuring these traits are complex, time‐consuming and costly. To simplify the measurement process, this study developed a smartphone application (App) called Pork IMF. This App serves as a rapid and portable phenotyping tool for acquiring pork images and extracting the image‐based IMF traits through embedded deep‐learning algorithms. Utilizing this App, we collected the IMF traits of the longissimus dorsi muscle in a crossbred population of Large White × Tongcheng pigs. Genome‐wide association studies detected 13 and 16 SNPs that were significantly associated with IMF content and distribution, respectively, highlighting NR2F2, MCTP2, MTLN, ST3GAL5, NDUFAB1 and PID1 as candidate genes. Our research introduces a user‐friendly digital phenotyping technology for quantifying IMF traits and suggests candidate genes and SNPs for genetic improvement of IMF traits in pigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The morphological origin of sand shear modulus at small strains (Gmax) remains poorly understood. This paper introduces spherical harmonic analysis to define multiscale particle morphologies of two typical natural sands: calcareous sand (CS) and Fujian sand (FS). Three distinct scale levels were taken into consideration: general form (large), local roundness (medium), and surface roughness (small). The 3D printing technique was employed to produce uniformly graded sand analogs with independent control of grain shape. Bender element tests were subsequently conducted on these analogs after isotropic consolidation in triaxial apparatus to obtain their shear wave velocities and small-strain shear moduli. The results highlight the substantial enhancement of Gmax through irregular particle morphologies within uniformly graded sand. Notably, the general form (large scale) emerges as the primary morphological determinant of the enhanced Gmax. Parameters of Hardin's equation—material coefficient A and stress exponent N —are demonstrated to reflect the comprehensive Gmax pattern and its sensitivity to confining stress, respectively. The reduction of N with diminishing overall regularity indicates the weakening effect of morphological irregularity on Gmax 's sensitivity to confining stress. Remarkably, the medium-scale level yields the lowest N value, emphasizing the pivotal role of local roundness as the predominant morphological factor in this effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The compressive-equivalent source method (C-ESM) has been developed for the sound field reconstruction by solving the l 1 minimization with the predetermined sparsity of the equivalent source strengths. However, the C-ESM would reconstruct the sound field with the error proportional to the measurement noise-related data fidelity constraint that increases with the decrease of the signal-to-noise ratio. Apart from that, the reconstruction stability of the C-ESM would not be guaranteed due to the existence of the measurement noise. To address such problem, the present paper proposes a compressed separable projection-based equivalent source method. In the method, the projections of the measured pressures in the predesigned basis that combines the priors of the sound radiation of the equivalent sources and the measurement noise are obtained by solving the l 1 minimization. This not only leads to the data fidelity constraint being small and unrelated to the measurement noise, but also separates the measurement noise from the measured sound field. Therefore, the proposed method can theoretically reconstruct the sound field more accurately and stably than the C-ESM. Numerical simulations and experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural, photo-electronic catalytic properties, and the biaxial strain modulation of band structure for the g-ZnO/PtSe 2 S-scheme heterojunction are studied by First-principles calculation. The stability for the heterojunction is verified by negative generation energy and ab-initio molecular dynamic simulation. The photo-generated carrier motion and band structure are in accordance with the S-scheme, and the electron mobility of up to 2023 cm2/Vs is obtained in the Zigzag direction. The absorption of visible light is improved, and an absorption peak of 2.893 × 105 cm−1 at 434.337 nm is observed. Due to a higher redox potential, photocatalytic water splitting can occur in the pH range of 0∼14, and a high solar to hydrogen (STH) efficiency of 30.7 % is obtained. The over-potential of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) (3.719 V) is lower than oxygen evolution reaction (4.128 V), which tends to proceed at the g-ZnO interface. When the strain ≥4 %, the bandgap alignment of the g-ZnO/PtSe 2 heterojunction changes from a staggered gap (Type-Ⅱ) to straddling gap (Type-Ⅰ). The g-ZnO/PtSe 2 heterojunction exhibits high electron mobility, high STH efficiency, strong absorption of visible light, strong HER ability, and a tunable band structure, expecting as a promising candidate material for catalytic water splitting. • High electron mobility of 2023 cm2/Vs is obtained in the Zigzag direction. • The water splitting occurs in the pH = 0–14 with a high STH efficiency of 30.7 %. • A low over-potential of HER and OER for electrocatalytic decomposition of water. • The bandgap alignment can be modulated from Type-Ⅱ to Type-Ⅰ by biaxial strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dictamnine is a representative furan-containing hepatotoxic compound. Administration of dictamnine caused acute liver injury in mice and the metabolic activation of furan to reactive epoxy intermediate was responsible for the hepatotoxicity. This study aimed to characterize the protein adduction by endogenous hepatic aldehydes and investigate its role in dictamnine-induced hepatotoxicity. In the liver sample of dictamnine-treated mice, the protein adduction by five aldehydes was characterized as lysine residue-aldehyde adducts using high-resolution UPLC-Q/Orbitrap MS after exhaustive proteolytic digestion. The levels of protein adduct were increased at 2–3 h after the treatment with dictamnine. The formation of protein adduction increased with increasing doses of dictamnine. Inhibition of the bioactivation by CYP3A inhibitor ketoconazole prevented the protein adduction. Treatment with 2,3-dihydro-dictamnine, an analog of dictamnine that was unable to form the epoxy intermediate, did not lead to an increase in protein adduction. Application of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 activator ALDA-1 or nucleophilic trapping reagent N -acetyl-L-lysine significantly reduced the protein adduction and attenuated dictamnine-induced liver injury without affecting the bioactivation. In conclusion, the metabolic activation of the furan ring of dictamnine resulted in the protein adduction by multiple hepatic aldehydes and the protein modification played a crucial role in dictamnine-induced liver injury. [Display omitted] • Covalent modification of hepatic protein by five aldehydes was characterized by LC-MS. • Reactive metabolite of dictamnine caused protein adduction by multiple aldehydes. • Protein adduction by aldehydes contributed to the dictamnine-induced hepatotoxicity. • Activation of ALDH2 by ALDA-1 attenuated dictamnine-induced liver injury. • Aldehydes could directly induce mouse liver injury via injection to hepatic vein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The thalamus is an important relay station for the motor circuit of human. Levodopa can reverse the clinical manifestations by modulating the function of motor circuits, but its detailed mechanisms are still not fully understood. We aimed to explore (1) the mechanism by which levodopa modulates the functional connectivity (FC) in the subregions of the thalamus; (2) the relationship between the changed FC and the improvement of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Methods: Resting‐state functional MRI was used to scan 36 PD patients and 37 healthy controls. The FC between the subregions in the thalamus and the whole brain was measured and compared under different medication states of PD patients. The correlation between the improvement of motor symptoms and changes in FC in the thalamus subregions was examined. Results: The PD on state exhibited decreased FC between the right pre‐motor thalamus and the right postcentral gyrus, as well as the right lateral pre‐frontal thalamus and the right postcentral gyrus. These decreases were positively correlated with the improvement of resting tremor. The PD on state also exhibited decreased FC between the left lateral pre‐frontal thalamus and right paracentral lobule, which was positively correlated with the improvement of bradykinesia. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that levodopa treats PD by decreasing the FC between the thalamus subregions and pre/post‐central cortex. Our results provide a basis for further exploration of the functional activity of thalamic subregions and offer new insights into the precision treatment in PD patients [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-heating effects in Gallium nitride (GaN) high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) can adversely impact both device reliability and electrical performance. Despite this, a holistic understanding of the relationship among heat transport mechanisms, device reliability, and degradation of electrical performance has yet to be established. This Letter presents an in-depth analysis of self-heating effects in GaN HEMTs using technology computer-aided design and phonon Monte Carlo simulations. We examine the differential behaviors of the maximum channel temperature (Tmax) and the equivalent channel temperature (Teq) in response to non-Fourier heat spreading processes, highlighting their respective dependencies on bias conditions and phonon ballistic effects. Our study reveals that Tmax, a crucial metric for device reliability, is highly sensitive to both heat source-related and cross-plane ballistic effects, especially in the saturation regime. In contrast, Teq, which correlates with drain current degradation, shows minimal bias dependence and is predominantly influenced by the cross-plane ballistic effect. These findings emphasize the importance of optimizing device designs to mitigate both Tmax and Teq, with a particular focus on thermal designs influenced by the heat source size. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of self-heating phenomena in GaN HEMTs and provides valuable insights for enhancing device performance and reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the electrical and optical properties of GaS/MoTe 2 and GaS/WTe 2 van der Waals heterostructure are investigated by first-principles methods, and their properties are modulated by applying biaxial strain and doping. It was revealed that the unstrained GaS/MoTe 2 and GaS/WTe 2 van der Waals heterostructures is semiconducting with an indirect bandgap of 1.16 eV and 1.28 eV using PBE methods, and the direction of the built-in electric field of the heterojunction is XTe 2 pointing to GaS, which is perfect for powerful light absorption. The bandgap widths of the two heterostructure are significantly reduced compared with that of monolayer materials. Besides, the results show that the biaxial strain is an effective tool for adjusting the energy gap where the indirect energy gap under the strain effects ranged within a range of 0.33/0.34 eV at −8% to 0.361/0.464 eV at 6%. At −8% compressive strain, the interfacial charge transfer reaches a maximum for each of the two heterostructure. In addition the absorption coefficients of GaS/MoTe 2 and GaS/WTe 2 heterostructure increase in the visible and infrared regions and the absorption spectral range is broadened. Therefore, GaS/MoTe 2 and GaS/WTe 2 vdW heterostructure can be applied in photocatalytic water decomposition and other fields. • The bandgap width of GaS/XTe 2 (X = Mo,W) heterojunction is 1.16 eV and 1.28 eV. • The transition of GaS/XTe 2 heterojunction material from semiconductor to metal under biaxial strain. • The interfacial charge transfer reaches a maximum for each of the two heterojunctions (8% strain). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractStudies have shown a tendency for educational elites to marry within the elite circle in China. However, little research explores how they find a partner and the platforms’ roles in the process. We fill this gap by focusing on an online dating platform targeting alumni of elite universities. We interviewed the core staff of the platform to examine its operations. Through thematic analysis, we analyzed users’ self-representations in their dating profiles and the platform’s relatively high matching success rate. To achieve assortative matching for its elite users, the platform developed a large elite user base by setting university prestige as a dating threshold, hiring staff from elite universities, and providing profile editing and posting services. Users highlighted their privileged family backgrounds, elite university experiences, time-consuming hobbies, and preferences for a soulmate, as they aimed to attract similar partners. Our research reveals a new form of intra-clan marriage that has emerged with the massification of higher education. This homogamy, based on high levels of cultural capital, forms a social enclosure that may reinforce cultural inequalities beyond higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are emerging as promising candidates for new‐generation high‐definition displays with excellent color purity and low power consumption. Nevertheless, the massive defects at grain boundaries and severe interfacial exciton quenching are critical challenges that hinder the commercialization process of PeLEDs. Herein, a novel and feasible strategy of interfacial molecule control is demonstrated by employing a bifunctional material with abundant phosphine oxide groups to induce strong interaction and exciton management between the perovskite and electron‐transport layers (ETLs). This modification layer is capable of passivating the surface crystal defects and blocking the interfacial exciton transfer simultaneously, contributing to minimized energy loss at the interface. Consequently, the modified PeLEDs with green (at 513 nm), blue (at 488 nm), and red (at 666 nm) emissions achieve maximum external quantum efficiencies of 18.8%, 12.6%, and 12.3%, respectively. This study reveals the importance of interfacial molecule control for reducing the energy loss in PeLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High- T c superconductivity with possible T c ≈ 80 K has been reported in the single crystal of La3Ni2O7 under high pressure. Based on the electronic structure given by the density functional theory calculations, we propose an effective bi-layer model Hamiltonian including both 3 d z 2 and 3 d x 2– y 2 orbital electrons of the nickel cations. The main feature of the model is that the 3 d z 2 electrons form inter-layer σ -bonding and anti-bonding bands via the apical oxygen anions between the two layers, while the 3 d x 2– y 2 electrons hybridize with the 3 d z 2 electrons within each NiO2 plane. The chemical potential difference of these two orbital electrons ensures that the 3 d z 2 orbitals are close to half-filling and the 3 d x 2– y 2 orbitals are near quarter-filling. The strong on-site Hubbard repulsion of the 3 d z 2 orbital electrons gives rise to an effective inter-layer antiferromagnetic spin super-exchange J. Applying pressure can self dope holes on the 3 d z 2 orbitals with the same amount of electrons doped on the 3 d x 2– y 2 orbitals. By performing numerical density-matrix renormalization group calculations on a minimum setup and focusing on the limit of large J and small doping of 3 d z 2 orbitals, we find the superconducting instability on both the 3 d z 2 and 3 d x 2– y 2 orbitals by calculating the equal-time spin singlet pair–pair correlation function. Our numerical results may provide useful insights in the high- T c superconductivity in single crystal La3Ni2O7 under high pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional vacuum electroosmosis consolidation theory tends to assume that the electric permeability coefficient remains unchanged or attenuates linearly. In contrast, the sediment from environmental dredging projects contains copper contaminants, whose electrochemical reactions during electroosmosis may influence the soil properties. Consequently, electroosmosis experiments were conducted for copper-contaminated sediments. It was found that the electric permeability coefficient attenuated rapidly due to the generation of copper hydroxide flocculant deposits under electrochemical reactions. The attenuation was 67.89% after 48 h, and its attenuation trend had obvious nonlinear characteristics. On this basis, an expression for the attenuation of the electric permeability coefficient with time was obtained by fitting an exponential function. A two-dimensional vacuum electroosmosis consolidation model considering the nonlinear attenuation rule of the electric permeability coefficient was established, and the analytical solution of the pore water pressure was deduced. Vacuum electroosmosis experiments on contaminated sediment were carried out, and the measurement results of pore water pressure at the anode verified the rationality of the analytical solution. It was also compared with conventional vacuum electroosmosis consolidation theory, which showed that the analytical solution in this study is better able to predict the dissipation of pore water pressure during long-term vacuum electroosmosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near‐Infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging with the advantages of deep tissue penetration and minimum background, has been widely employed and developed in the study of biological applications. However, small Stokes shifts, difficulty in optical tuning, and pH sensitivity are still the major limitations faced by current NIR dyes. To solve these problems, we rationally designed a pH insensitive amino‐tunable NIR oxazine fluorophore DQF‐NH2, which exhibited large Stokes shift (125 nm) accompanied with NIR excitation/emission due to the introduction an asymmetrical alternating vibronic feature. By benefiting from the excellent photophysical properties of DQF‐NH2, we have successfully constructed the probe DQF‐NH2‐LAP with the ability to detect endogenous LAP. Bioimaging assays demonstrated that DQF‐NH2‐LAP can not only effectively detect LAP in living cells, but also was successfully applied to image tumor tissue in vivo. We anticipate that the functionalizable dye DQF‐NH2 may be a potential new NIR dye platform with an optically tunable group for the development of future desirable probes for bioimaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catastrophic forgetting remains an outstanding challenge in continual learning. Recently, methods inspired by the brain, such as continual representation learning and memory replay, have been used to combat catastrophic forgetting. Associative learning (retaining associations between inputs and outputs, even after good representations are learned) plays an important function in the brain; however, its role in continual learning has not been carefully studied. Here, we identified a two-layer neural circuit in the fruit fly olfactory system that performs continual associative learning between odors and their associated valences. In the first layer, inputs (odors) are encoded using sparse, high-dimensional representations, which reduces memory interference by activating nonoverlapping populations of neurons for different odors. In the second layer, only the synapses between odor-activated neurons and the odor's associated output neuron are modified during learning; the rest of the weights are frozen to prevent unrelated memories from being overwritten. We prove theoretically that these two perceptron-like layers help reduce catastrophic forgetting compared to the original perceptron algorithm, under continual learning. We then show empirically on benchmark data sets that this simple and lightweight architecture outperforms other popular neural-inspired algorithms when also using a two-layer feedforward architecture. Overall, fruit flies evolved an efficient continual associative learning algorithm, and circuit mechanisms from neuroscience can be translated to improve machine computation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on resource-based theories of self-regulation and the spillover–crossover model, we investigated not only how leadership role occupancy may affect job occupants’ obesity but also how its influences may crossover to shape their spouses’ obesity. Adopting a programmatic approach with three-panel data sets from the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia, we found that leadership role occupancy was positively related to job demands, which in turn was positively related to job occupants’ loss of sleep and obesity. Moreover, the spillover–crossover influences of job demands were also revealed: incumbents’ job demands were also positively associated with spouses’ loss of sleep and obesity. Our research enriches the leadership research by offering a new spillover–crossover perspective to the consequences of leadership role occupancy and contributes to work–family research by highlighting the importance of holding a leadership position as an antecedent of the crossover effect of job demands on health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a deep learning framework is proposed for predicting aerodynamic pressure distributions in general three-dimensional configurations. Based on the PointNet++ structure, the proposed framework extracts shape features based on the geometric representation of point cloud, outputs pressure coefficients corresponding to locations, and is able to accept inputs of point clouds with different resolutions. By PointNet++, we mean that local and global features of three-dimensional configurations could be effectively extracted through a multi-level feature extraction structure. A parametric approach is utilized to generate 2000 different space shuttle three-dimensional shapes, and their flows at the hypersonic speed are solved by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as a dataset to support the training of the deep learning. Within the dataset, accurate predictions of pressure and aerodynamic forces are demonstrated for 400 unseen testing shapes. Out of the dataset, geometries that are tested for generalizability include slender, waverider, spaceplane, Apollo capsule, lifting body, and rocket. Remarkably, the framework is capable of predicting pressure distributions and aerodynamic forces for the unseen, independently designed geometries of various types in near-real-time and near-CFD accuracy, proving its excellent applicability to general three-dimensional configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation A growing amount of noncoding genetic variants, including single-nucleotide polymorphisms, are found to be associated with complex human traits and diseases. Their mechanistic interpretation is relatively limited and can use the help from computational prediction of their effects on epigenetic profiles. However, current models often focus on local, 1D genome sequence determinants and disregard global, 3D chromatin structure that critically affects epigenetic events. Results We find that noncoding variants of unexpected high similarity in epigenetic profiles, with regards to their relatively low similarity in local sequences, can be largely attributed to their proximity in chromatin structure. Accordingly, we have developed a multimodal deep learning scheme that incorporates both data of 1D genome sequence and 3D chromatin structure for predicting noncoding variant effects. Specifically, we have integrated convolutional and recurrent neural networks for sequence embedding and graph neural networks for structure embedding despite the resolution gap between the two types of data, while utilizing recent DNA language models. Numerical results show that our models outperform competing sequence-only models in predicting epigenetic profiles and their use of long-range interactions complement sequence-only models in extracting regulatory motifs. They prove to be excellent predictors for noncoding variant effects in gene expression and pathogenicity, whether in unsupervised "zero-shot" learning or supervised "few-shot" learning. Availability and implementation Codes and data can be accessed at https://github.com/Shen-Lab/ncVarPred-1D3D and https://zenodo.org/record/7975777. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a significant detection task, underwater explosion events have piqued the interest of geophysicists. On September 26, 2022, two underwater explosions occurred in the Baltic Sea region involving the Nord Stream pipeline. Subsequent reports from the media and the European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre deduced that one event was detected at 17:03:49 GMT, exhibiting a magnitude of 3.1 on the Richter scale, whereas the second event lacked comprehensive information. To meticulously investigate the details of the two Nord Stream incidents, we employed 14 proximate stations for subsequent analysis. Using a linear inversion technique, we determined that the two events occurred at 00:03:30 and 17:03:49, with corresponding coordinates of 54.87°N, 15.52°E and 55.59°N, 15.80°E, respectively, and Richter magnitudes of 2.3 and 3.1, respectively. Spectral analysis corroborates that both events were underwater explosions, and the presence of anomalous signals within the frequency domain may provide valuable insights into source parameters and characteristics, particularly for the first event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seismic trace editing is a tedious process in data preprocessing that can incur high time costs, especially when handling large 3D datasets. In addition, existing methods to edit seismic traces may miss vital information when killing noisy traces simply. Thus, in this paper, we propose an automated method to edit seismic traces based on machine learning. The proposed method combines the Hough transform technique and a convolutional neural network (CNN) to improve the feasibility of the scheme. The Hough transform is a feature extraction technique that helps identify anomaly lines in images, and we employ it in the proposed method to ascertain the prospective positions of noisy and bad traces. We then implement a bandpass filter and the trained CNN model to identify the precise noisy traces in the target region indicated by the Hough transform process. Upon identification, automated processing is applied to determine whether the processed traces can be useful or should be discarded. This comprehensive framework includes four main steps, i.e., data preprocessing, Hough transform detection, network training, and network prediction. Experiments conducted on real-world data yielded 98% accuracy, which indicates the potential efficacy of the proposed automated trace editing method in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brooks and Makover developed a combinatorial model of random hyperbolic surfaces by gluing certain hyperbolic ideal triangles. In this paper, we show that for any |$\epsilon>0$|⁠ , as the number of ideal triangles goes to infinity, a generic hyperbolic surface in Brooks–Makover's model has Cheeger constant less than |$\frac {3}{2\pi }+\epsilon $|⁠. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite Light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have emerged as a promising technique for future high‐definition displays due to their outstanding electroluminescent characters. However, the development of blue PeLEDs toward practical applications is seriously hindered by their inferior performance, which mainly arises from the detrimental halide ionic behavior and thus severe nonradiative recombination in mixed‐halide blue perovskite materials. Herein, efficient sky‐blue PeLEDs featuring spectrally stable emission at 483 nm are realized by employing bifunctional passivators of Lewis‐base benzoic acid anions and alkali metal cations to simultaneously passivate the under‐coordinated lead atoms and suppress halide ion migration. A decent external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 16.58% and a maximum EQE of 18.65% are achieved, which is further boosted to 28.82% through the optical outcoupling enhancement. This work demonstrates unique insight into the generality and individuality of this category of benzoates and puts forward a feasible guidance in choosing appropriate additives for efficient perovskite materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanical fault detection has an important influence on production schedule and efficiency. With the development of intelligent technology, more and more intelligent detection technologies are applied to mechanical fault detection. In order to detect mechanical faults more efficiently and accurately, this experiment proposes a production knowledge base model based on genetic algorithm (GA algorithm). The model uses the unique biological genetics principle of genetic algorithm to evolve the interested population, and can conduct spatial search to find the global optimal solution. By comparing the performance of GA algorithm model with other similar detection models, it is found that the model proposed in the experiment has obvious advantages in mechanical fault detection performance. The experimental results show that the maximum accuracy of the GA algorithm is 0.935, 0.074 higher than the support vector machine (SVM) model, 0.118 higher than the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) model, 0.032 higher than the random forest (RF) model, and 0.166 higher than the K nearest neighbor (KNN) model. In addition, the error value of GA algorithm is the lowest among these models, which is 0.028. This proves that the genetic algorithm model has higher diagnostic accuracy and can play an important role in mechanical fault detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combining smart polymers and nano-silica is an effective method to prevent free water intrusion into micro-nanopores of shale, maintaining the wellbore stability in the drilling process. A core–shell structure nano-plugging agent (NPA) for water-based drilling fluid was synthesized through modifying nano-SiO2 by using N-isopropylacrylamide, 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane-sulfonic acid and KH-570. The structure and properties of NPA were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, particle size distribution, and transmission electron microscopy methods. Results show that NPA presents a good thermal stability with the decomposition temperature of 370 °C. The median particle size of NPA is 193 nm. The results of the pressure transfer experiments indicate that NPA presents a good sealing performance. The permeability of the cores after NPA sealing was significantly reduced to 0.031 × 10–7 μm2. After reaching the response temperature, the wetting angle of the shale surface treated by NPA is 77.22°. After aging at 150 °C for 16 h, the FLHTHP of the water-based drilling fluid system was controlled within 5 mL. NPA can enhance wellbore stability and effectively reduce the leakage of the drilling fluid during drilling process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the most noteworthy practices in Buddhist temples in China today are yuan or wish-vow actions. Wish-vows encompass both wish-making (xuyuan 许愿) and vow-giving (fayuan 发愿), with both modalities embraced by average temple-goers from a general population. Chinese Buddhist liturgies encourage ritual performers to adopt a bodhisattva stance, wishing/vowing for the well-being of all beings. This introduces an ethical dimension to yuan performances. This paper analyzes the continuity in practice between wish-making and vow-giving, exploring how popular and Buddhist understandings of ritual entangle and how ritual generates meaningful narratives for practitioners. The article shows how the human pursuit of ritual effects and ethical self-transformation are not contradictory but rather complementary processes. Considering this Chinese ritual situation deepens our comprehension of votive practices in syncretic religious traditions. Additionally, it offers a new direction for considering religious potentialities in late socialist societies. Furthermore, it usefully challenges the use of the term "prayer" in Chinese contexts. In this way, the article bridges anthropology, Chinese studies, and religious studies and enhances our conceptual toolkit for studying ongoing human transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a serious health challenge, causing more deaths worldwide than cancer. The vascular endothelium, which forms the inner lining of blood vessels, plays a central role in maintaining vascular integrity and homeostasis and is in direct contact with the blood flow. Research over the past century has shown that mechanical perturbations of the vascular wall contribute to the formation and progression of atherosclerosis. While the straight part of the artery is exposed to sustained laminar flow and physiological high shear stress, flow near branch points or in curved vessels can exhibit 'disturbed' flow. Clinical studies as well as carefully controlled in vitro analyses have confirmed that these regions of disturbed flow, which can include low shear stress, recirculation, oscillation, or lateral flow, are preferential sites of atherosclerotic lesion formation. Because of their critical role in blood flow homeostasis, vascular endothelial cells (ECs) have mechanosensory mechanisms that allow them to react rapidly to changes in mechanical forces, and to execute context-specific adaptive responses to modulate EC functions. This review summarizes the current understanding of endothelial mechanobiology, which can guide the identification of new therapeutic targets to slow or reverse the progression of atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing availability of molecular genetic testing has changed the landscape of both genetic research and clinical practice. Not only is the pace of discovery of novel disease‐causing genes accelerating but also the phenotypic spectra associated with previously known genes are expanding. These advancements lead to the awareness that some genetic movement disorders may cluster in certain ethnic populations and genetic pleiotropy may result in unique clinical presentations in specific ethnic groups. Thus, the characteristics, genetics and risk factors of movement disorders may differ between populations. Recognition of a particular clinical phenotype, combined with information about the ethnic origin of patients could lead to early and correct diagnosis and assist the development of future personalized medicine for patients with these disorders. Here, the Movement Disorders in Asia Task Force sought to review genetic movement disorders that are commonly seen in Asia, including Wilson's disease, spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) types 12, 31, and 36, Gerstmann‐Sträussler‐Scheinker disease, PLA2G6‐related parkinsonism, adult‐onset neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID), and paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia. We also review common disorders seen worldwide with specific mutations or presentations that occur frequently in Asians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seismic tomography of shield volcanoes can be used to better understand its structure, formation, and evolution. Previous tomographic studies on the Island of Hawai'i used body waves from earthquakes and active sources and had limited resolution in the shallow crust. In this study, we obtained the empirical Green Functions (EGFs) and empirical Green Tensors (EGTs) from cross‐correlating and stacking of multiyear seismic ambient noise recorded on the island. The EGFs/EGTs contained fundamental mode and first higher mode Rayleigh waves. The different modes were separated with a new algorithm and their group velocities were measured. Using the group arrival times, we inverted for two‐dimensional group velocity maps, which provide, for the first time, a full coverage of the Island of Hawai'i. From the group velocity maps, we inverted for a three‐dimensional shear wave velocity model, which shows strong lateral variations and yields new insights into the structure and growth of the volcanoes on the island: Kı̄lauea's East Rift Zone has prominent high velocities at all depths, whereas the current rift zones of Mauna Loa are characterized by intermediate to high velocities only at depths greater than 1 km below ground surface, which may be attributed to their relatively short history and less developed state. The flanks of the volcanoes, some cut by fault zones, displayed low velocities at over a range of depths, generally interpreted as consisting of extrusive rocks, which could be further shattered by faulting. Plain Language Summary: Better imaging the structures of the shield volcanoes on the Island of Hawai'i is important, not only for understanding their evolution, but also for forecasting and mitigating future volcanic hazards. In this study, we used the waves propagating along the Earth's surface to image the shallow structures of the entire Island of Hawai'i. Our velocity model shows that Kı̄lauea's East Rift Zone has high‐velocities, compared with the intermediate to high‐velocities of Mauna Loa's rift zones, which suggests the existence of large intrusive rock cores in Kı̄lauea's East Rift Zone. Multiple low‐velocity anomalies are imaged on the volcano flanks, interpreted as consisting of extrusive volcanic rocks. The low velocities on the flanks co‐located with the fault zones are interpreted as potentially further fractured debris produced by faulting. Overall, the new velocity model opens a window into the shallow volcano‐tectonic structures on the Island of Hawai'i, enabling a better understanding of the formation and structure of the Hawaiian shield volcanoes as well as the propagation of seismic waves in the shallow crust. Key Points: First overtone Rayleigh wave, in addition to the fundamental mode, emerged from ambient noise cross‐correlation on the Island of Hawai'iAn algorithm was developed and applied to the data set to automatically separate wave modes and pick group velocity dispersion curvesThe resulting three‐dimensional shear wave velocity model reveals distinct structures of the rift zones, fault zones, and volcano flanks [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) with deposits of phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antigen in glomerular tissue (GAg+) but no circulating serum PLA2R antibody (SAb−) has been reported. However, little is known about the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of this subtype. A total of 74 IMN patients with GAg + identified by kidney biopsy were enrolled in this study. We categorized patients into two groups based on the presence or absence of serum PLA2R antibody. Data on clinical features, pathological features, and outcomes were collected. Kaplan–Meier analysis of complete remission (CR) and partial remission (PR) comparing SAb−/GAg + and SAb+/GAg + patients. Cox proportional hazards models was used to examine factors associated with CR and PR. Among 74 IMN patients, 14 were SAb−/GAg+. Compared with SAb+/GAg + patients, SAb−/GAg + patients presented with higher levels of albumin, lower levels of cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (all p <.01), but similar pathological manifestations of kidney biopsy. Multivariate logistic analyses indicated that low albumin (0.79 [95%CI: 0.66–0.95], p =.01) and high cholesterol (1.81 [95%CI: 1.02–3.19], p =.04) were correlated with seropositivity of PLA2R antibody. SAb−/GAg + patients exhibited a significantly higher probability of CR (p =.03) than patients who were SAb+/GAg+. However, no difference was found in the PR rate. Cox regression analyses showed that compared to SAb+/GAg + patients, SAb−/GAg + was more predictive of complete remission (4.28 [95%CI: 1.01–18.17], p =.04). IMN with PLA2R staining on kidney biopsy but without serum PLA2R antibody has milder clinical manifestations and a better prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C17H16N2O8, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.0825(4) Å, b = 15.6168(9) Å, c = 15.1086(9) Å, β = 93.3830(10)°, V = 1668.19(17) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0543, wRref(F2) = 0.1443, T = 170.15 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liu et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL093691) used Rayleigh waves extracted from the cross‐correlation of ambient noise recorded by two stations to monitor the seismic velocity variations associated with the 2018 Kı̄lauea eruption. However, their study ignored the fact that the tremors on the Island of Hawai'i were dominated by a source at the Kı̄lauea summit before the eruption. Close inspection of the waveforms of the station pair PAUD‐STCD shows a simple, mistakenly identified wave traveling direction in Liu et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL093691). A correct wave traveling direction agrees with the noise source model, where the dominant tremor source should be at the Kı̄lauea summit. Because of the drastic change in the tremor source after the eruption, the cross‐correlation of the tremor records may reflect predominantly changes in the source rather than in the medium properties between the two stations. Plain Language Summary: More and more studies are using seismic records to understand the volcano eruption process. A very recent study monitored the dyke intrusion near the Pu'u'ō'ō right after the start of the 2018 Kı̄lauea eruption, by observing increased seismic wave arrival times. However, after re‐inspecting the data, we find their study understood the source location emitting the seismic waves wrong. Thus, their observed increased seismic wave arrival times can no longer be explained by the proposed dyke intrusion in the rift zone. We further suspect that the temporal variations of the seismic source contributed greatly to the arrival time variations. Key Points: The tremor signals appeared on the ambient noise cross‐correlation functions (CCFs) should be from the Kı̄lauea summit, not Pu'u'ō'ōThe tremor sources changed after the beginning of the eruptionThe apparent temporal variations of the CCFs related to the tremors reflected the change of noise source rather than medium velocity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The commercialization of children's space has become a new global trend. Child-oriented malls represent a new form of commercialized urban space and reflect neoliberal space production that privatizes and materializes the urban environment lately seen in some Asian countries. Examining the first child-oriented mall in Shanghai, we argue that the development of child-oriented malls has been shaped and sustained by dynamic relations – including the dynamics between the state's intention to revitalize local economies and the developers' goal to optimize profits; and the interactions between capital, education reform, and the intensive parenting style. The flourishing of child-oriented malls may leave limited agency for children and disadvantage children with lower socio-economic status and reinforce class inequality. China has made child-friendly cities a state strategic focus since 2016. The utilization rate of child-friendly facilities is not high, and highly commercialized space will continue to be popular if the current relationship between the state, capital, and families persists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, many metabolites specific to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have been identified thanks to the application of metabolomics techniques. This study aimed to investigate the candidate targets and potential molecular pathways involved in NAFLD in the presence of iron overload. Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed with control or high-fat diet with or without excess iron. After 8, 16, 20 weeks of treatment, urine samples of rats were collected for metabolomics analysis using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Blood and liver samples were also collected. High-fat, high-iron diet resulted in increased triglyceride accumulation and increased oxidative damage. A total of 13 metabolites and four potential pathways were identified. Compared to the control group, the intensities of adenine, cAMP, hippuric acid, kynurenic acid, xanthurenic acid, uric acid, and citric acid were significantly lower (p < 0.05) and the concentration of other metabolites was significantly higher in the high-fat diet group. In the high-fat, high-iron group, the differences in the intensities of the above metabolites were amplified. Our findings suggest that NAFLD rats have impaired antioxidant system and liver function, lipid disorders, abnormal energy, and glucose metabolism, and that iron overload may further exacerbate these disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effective voltage of soil refers to the actual voltage which is acting on the soil. When electroosmosis is adopted to strengthen the soft foundation, the soil effective voltage is less than the applied power supply voltage. The effective voltage of the soil gradually decreases with the progress of electroosmosis and tends to reach a stable value. In this regard, based on the analysis of the experimental results that the soil effective voltage first undergoes a linear decrease over time and then remains unchanged, the classical electroosmotic consolidation theory proposed by Esrig is modified in this paper in order to obtain a new analytical solution of excess pore water pressure. Then, the analytical solution is verified by a specific experimental case and compared with Esrig's theory. The results indicate that the theoretical value of excess pore water pressure, which was obtained from the modified electroosmotic consolidation equation, is closer to the measured value and caters better to the actual situation in comparison with Esrig's theory. This provides evidence for the rationality of the analytical solution and further improves the existing electroosmotic consolidation theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reduced‐dimensional perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have shown great potential in solution‐processed high‐definition displays. However, the inferior electroluminescent (EL) performance of blue PeLEDs has become a huge challenge for their commercialization. The inefficient domain control [number of PbX6− layers (n)] and deleterious phase segregation make the blue PeLEDs suffer from low EL efficiency and poor spectral stability. Here, a rational strategy for perovskite crystallization control by adjusting the precursor concentration is proposed for improving phase distribution and suppressing ion migration in reduced‐dimensional mixed‐halide blue perovskite films. Based on this method, efficient sky‐blue PeLEDs exhibit a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 8.5% with stable EL spectra at 482 nm. Additionally, spectrally stable pure‐blue PeLEDs at 474 and 468 nm are further obtained with maximum EQEs of 4.0% and 2.4%, respectively. These findings may provide an alternative scheme for manipulating perovskite crystallization dynamics toward efficient and stable PeLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fast and full switching of plasmonic resonances would provide a building block for integrated electro‐optically active plasmonics. To date, limited by the material properties, achieving a plasmonic resonance that can be turned fully ON and OFF in the visible region remains a formidable challenge. In this study, a nearly full optical switching based on a moisture‐driven metal‐hydrogel‐metal (MHM) metasurface at visible frequency is experimentally realized. As a result of the bound state in the continuum (BIC)‐to‐quasi‐BIC transition in the MHM, a sharp Fano‐type quasi‐BIC resonance can be switched off and back on with an ultrahigh reflectance modulation depth up to −14.6 dB within 1 s by moisture loading. Such a BIC‐to‐quasi‐BIC transition can be well mediated by engineering the coupling between the magnetic mode and surface plasmon polariton via an active control of the gap distance between the two metallic layers. Using this concept, the MHM is demonstrated as a fast‐response breathing sensor with a maximum detectable respiratory rate of up to 30 breaths per minute (bpm). These results suggest that our approach will help to realize plasmonic‐based integrated active optical devices in optical sensing and modulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the modernization of GLONASS, four M+ and two K satellites are able to broadcast code-division multiple-access signals at a G3 frequency. The evaluation of the G3 frequency is necessary, among which the satellite-induced code pseudorange variation is one of the most important indicators. Using the code-minus-carrier (CMC) combination, it was found that the magnitude of the code pseudorange variations at the G3 frequency is about 1 m, which is primarily caused by the fact that G3 is transmitted from a different antenna, the same as G1 and G2. However, different from BDS-2 medium Earth orbit and inclined geo-synchronous orbit satellites, the code pseudorange variations at the GLONASS G3 frequency have a very weak relationship with the elevation angle, while a strong correlation exists with the time series, by using wavelet transformation and correlation analysis. Validation is carried out using a single-site model and a continuous multi-site model over 24 h, and the correction performance of these two models is comparable. The systematic deviation of the CMC and Melbourne–Wübbena combinations are significantly corrected, so only random errors remain. With a more concentrated distribution of the pseudorange residuals of single point positioning, the standard deviation of the pseudorange residuals is reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fast and full switching of plasmonic resonances would provide a building block for integrated electro‐optically active plasmonics. To date, limited by the material properties, achieving a plasmonic resonance that can be turned fully ON and OFF in the visible region remains a formidable challenge. In this study, a nearly full optical switching based on a moisture‐driven metal‐hydrogel‐metal (MHM) metasurface at visible frequency is experimentally realized. As a result of the bound state in the continuum (BIC)‐to‐quasi‐BIC transition in the MHM, a sharp Fano‐type quasi‐BIC resonance can be switched off and back on with an ultrahigh reflectance modulation depth up to −14.6 dB within 1 s by moisture loading. Such a BIC‐to‐quasi‐BIC transition can be well mediated by engineering the coupling between the magnetic mode and surface plasmon polariton via an active control of the gap distance between the two metallic layers. Using this concept, the MHM is demonstrated as a fast‐response breathing sensor with a maximum detectable respiratory rate of up to 30 breaths per minute (bpm). These results suggest that our approach will help to realize plasmonic‐based integrated active optical devices in optical sensing and modulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, rapid dewatering of dredged sediment has been a key problem in environmental dredging engineering. While vacuum electro-osmosis technology has good application prospects in the treatment of dredged sediment, it has been reported that the thermal effect may improve its efficiency. To further clarify the influence mechanism of the thermal effect of vacuum electro-osmosis, six groups of vacuum electro-osmosis tests under different thermal effects are performed with a homemade test system equipped with a heatable cathode and new electrokinetic geosynthetic (EKG) drainage boards. The obtained results show that the application of a thermal effect at the cathode increases the electro-osmotic flow rate and promotes the drainage process of vacuum electro-osmosis. At the same time, the distribution uniformity of the water content and shear strength after treatment is improved. When the temperature near the cathode is 60 °C, the drainage effect improves. Considering the variation law of the electric permeability coefficient influenced by the thermal effect, the two-dimensional vacuum electro-osmosis consolidation equation is educed. Comparing the observed values with this equation, it is proven that the obtained equation can reasonably reflect the dissipation of excess pore water pressure in vacuum electro-osmosis under the thermal effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the idioms of dignity and respect in addressing elderly individuals within Buddhist monastic publics in reformed China. It analyzes the use of three common address terms— jushi, shixiong , and lao pusa —and other phrasings as observed during fieldwork in Buddhist temples in Eastern and Southern China in the 2010s. By introducing the concept of "Buddhist monastic publics," the study illuminates the dynamic interplay between a resident monastic life and the casual encounters of temple-goers. Address patterns are contextualized within the historical tension between monastic and lay statuses in a state-centric, Han-majority society, revealing fluctuating boundaries of inclusivity and exclusivity in Han Buddhist temple interactions. Overall, this study offers anthropological insights into the evolving dynamics of respect and recognition within contemporary Chinese Buddhist sociality. It highlights the diversity of discursive forms that inform and shape this social fabric, contributing to an interactionist interpretation of Buddhist temple engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP) is a negative regulator of T-cell receptor and oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase signaling and implicated in cancer and autoimmune disease. TC-PTP activity is modulated by an intrinsically disordered C-terminal region (IDR) and suppressed in cells under basal conditions. In vitro structural studies have shown that the dynamic reorganization of IDR around the catalytic domain, driven by electrostatic interactions, can lead to TC-PTP activity inhibition; however, the process has not been studied in cells. Here, by assessing a mutant (378KRKRPR383 mutated into 378EAAAPE383, called TC45E/A) with impaired tail-PTP domain interaction, we obtained evidence that the downmodulation of TC-PTP enzymatic activity by the IDR occurs in cells. However, we found that the regulation of TC-PTP by the IDR is only recapitulated in vitro when crowding polymers that mimic the intracellular environment are present in kinetic assays using a physiological phospho-peptide. Our FRET-based assays in vitro and in cells confirmed that the effect of the mutant correlates with an impairment of the intramolecular inhibitory remodeling of TC-PTP by the IDR. This work presents an early example of the allosteric regulation of a protein tyrosine phosphatase being controlled by the cellular environment and provides a framework for future studies and targeting of TC-PTP function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: A full account of semisyntheses of polychlorinated marine steroids clionastatins A and B is described. We have developed a unique two‐stage chlorination‐oxidation strategy that enabled concise and divergent semisyntheses of clionastatins A and B in 16 steps from inexpensive testosterone. Key transformations in chlorination stage include (a) conformationally controlled, stereospecific dichlorination through an unusual β‐chloronium intermediate to install the diequatorial C1,C2‐dichloride; (b) C4‐OH directed C19–H oxygenation followed by challenging neopentyl chlorination to install the C19–Cl. The high oxidation level was constructed through (a) the desaturation at C6–C7 through one‐pot photochemical dibromination–reductive debromination; (b) regioselective anti‐Markovnikov oxidation of the C6–C7 double bond by photoredox‐metal dual catalysis to forge the B ring enone; (c) late‐stage desaturation with SeO2 to introduce C8–C9 double bond. Wharton transposition was used to forge the D‐ring enone, and thermodynamically driven epimerization secured the cis‐fused C/D ring system. Furthermore, we also provided a 14‐step approach to clionastatin A by optimizing the construction of the D‐ring enone with a dehydration‐oxidation sequence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]