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Renal cell carcinoma has the highest incidence rate of cancer types in the urinary system. Moreover, microRNAs (miRNA) have been closely associated with numerous types of tumor. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of miRNA (miR)-133b on the proliferation, invasion and chemosensitivity of renal cell carcinoma cells, and to determine whether its mechanism was regulated by the ERK signaling pathway. Both renal cell carcinoma and adjacent healthy tissues from 60 patients, in addition to renal cell carcinoma lines, ACHN, Caki-1, A-498 and 786-O, and 293 cells, were used in this study. miR-133b expression was measured from renal cell carcinoma, adjacent healthy tissues and renal cell carcinoma cell lines by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Cells were transfected with miR-133b mimic to achieve miR-133b overexpression. The proliferative, migratory and invasive ability of the cells were evaluated using MTT, wound healing and Matrigel assays, respectively, and flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic rate. Following treatment with an ERK inhibitor, U0126, and activator, LM22B-10, western blotting was used to detect the expression of related proteins and the activity of the ERK signaling pathway. The overexpression of miR-133b significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, whilst inducing apoptosis and increasing the drug sensitivity of renal cell carcinoma cells to cisplatin, docetaxel and doxorubicin. The miR-133b mimic also increased the protein expression levels of Bax and decreased the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, ATP-binding cassette subfamily G2, P-glycoprotein, Bcl-2 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, as well as the phosphorylation of ERK (P0.05). However, the overexpression of miR-133b combined with LM22B-10 treatment weakened the anticancer effects of miR-133b mimic transfection (P

A novel coordination compound rubidium d-gluconate Rb[d-C6H11O7](s) has been synthesized and characterized by chemical analysis, elemental analysis, and X-ray diffraction. Single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals that the crystal is monoclinic with space group P21 and Z = 2. Also, the d-gluconate anion in Rb[d-C6H11O7](s) has a bent-chain conformation, in which the carbon atoms of the anion form two approximate planes. The compound exhibits an obvious chelation of the d-gluconate anions to the rubidum(I) cation and the cation is seven-coordinated to all seven oxygen atoms. The lattice potential energy and ionic volume of the anion d- $$ {\text{C}}_{ 6} {\text{H}}_{ 1 1} {\text{O}}_{7}^{ - } $$ were obtained to be UPOT = 484.23 kJ·mol−1 and V− = 0.2004 nm3 from crystallographic data. Molar enthalpies of dissolution of Rb[d-C6H11O7](s) in double-distilled water at various molalities were measured by use of an isoperibol solution–reaction calorimeter at T = 298.15 K. According to Pitzer’s electrolyte solution model, the molar enthalpy of dissolution of the title compound at infinite dilution was determined to be $$ \Delta_{\text{s}} H_{\text{m}}^{\infty } = (29.76 \pm 0.72){\text{ kJ}}{\cdot}{\text{mol}}^{ - 1} $$ . The values of the apparent relative molar enthalpies ( $$ ^{\phi } L_{{}} $$ ) of the title compound and relative partial molar enthalpies ( $$ \bar{L}_{2} $$ and $$ \bar{L}_{1} $$ ) of the solute and the solvent at different concentrations were derived from the experimental enthalpies of dissolution of the compound. Furthermore, the molar enthalpy of hydration of the anion d- $$ {\text{C}}_{ 6} {\text{H}}_{ 1 1} {\text{O}}_{7}^{ - } $$ was calculated to be ΔH− = − (166.4 ± 2.7) kJ·mol−1 by use of a thermochemical cycle.

Using a novel flux method, a hexagonal plate of Co3O4 was directly synthesized. In this method, CoCl2·6H2O, NaOH, and the cosolvent H3BO3 were heated to 750 °C for 2 h in a corundum crucible. The products were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). Furthermore, XRD studies indicated that the product consisted of a cubic phase of Co3O4, and the phase existed in a completely crystalline form. Then, SEM results indicated that these hexagonal plates tiered up and they had diameters in the range of 2–10 µm. According to the results of SAED and HRTEM analyses, the interlayer spacing was about 0.24 nm, which corresponds to the interlayer distance of (3 1 1) crystal plane of cubic Co3O4.

Low temperature heat capacities of the solid coordination compound, Zn(Met)(NO3)2·1/2H2O(s), have been measured by a precision automated adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range 78–371 K. The initial dehydration temperature of the coordination compound is determined to be, T D = 325.05 K, by analysis of the heat-capacity curve. The experimental values of molar heat capacities in the temperature region have been fitted to a polynomial equation of heat capacities with the reduced temperature (X), [X = f(T)], by a least squares method. Smoothed heat capacities and thermodynamic functions relative to the standard reference temperature 298.15 K of the compound are derived from the fitted polynomial equation and listed at 5 K internals. Enthalpies of dissolution of {ZnSO4·7H2O(s) + 2NaNO3(s) + l-Met (s)} and {Zn(Met)(NO3)2·1/2H2O(s) + Na2SO4(s)} in 100 cm3 of 2 mol dm−3 HCl(aq) at T = 298.15 K have been determined to be $$ \Updelta_{\rm{d}} H_{m,1}^{0} $$ = (56.929 ± 0.051) kJ mol−1 and $$ \Updelta_{\rm{d}} H_{m,2}^{0} $$ = (37.337 ± 0.029) kJ mol−1, respectively, with an isoperibol solution-reaction calorimeter. The standard molar enthalpy of formation of the compound is determined to be $$ \Updelta_{\rm{f}} H_{\rm{m}}^{0} $$ [Zn(Met)(NO3)2·1/2H2O, s] = −(1327.08 ± 0.75) kJ mol−1 from the enthalpies of dissolution of the reactants and products and other thermodynamic data by a Hess’ thermochemical cycle.

A series of sodium isophthalic acid derivatives 5-R-Na2bdc·nH2O (H2bdc = isophthalic acid, R = H, NH2, OH, CH3, NO2, n = 0.5, 1, 1, 1, 1) were synthesized in water. Molar enthalpies of dissolution (ΔsolHm) of the compounds in double-distilled water under various molalities were determined at 298.15 K by an RD496-2000 type microcalorimeter. Following Pitzer’s theory, the molar enthalpy of dissolution of the title compounds at infinite dilution (ΔsolHm∞) and Pitzer’s parameters (βMX(0)L and βMX(1)L) were obtained. The values of the title compounds of relative apparent molar enthalpies (ΔsolHϕ), relative partial molar enthalpies (ΔsolHL,2), and relative partial molar enthalpies (ΔsolHL,1) of the solvent at different concentrations c/(mol·L−1) were derived from the experimental values of the enthalpies of dissolution of the compounds, respectively.

The thermal decomposition behavior and kinetic parameters of the exothermic decomposition reactions of the title compound in a temperature-programmed mode have been investigated by means of DSC, TG-DTG and lower rate Thermolysis/FTIR. The possible reaction mechanism was proposed. The critical temperature of thermal explosion was calculated. The influence of the title compound on the combustion characteristic of composite modified double base propellant containing RDX has been explored with the strand burner. The results show that the kinetic model function in differential form, apparent activation energy Ea and pre-exponential factor A of the major exothermic decomposition reaction are 1-a,207.98 kJ*mol−1 and 1015.64 s−1, respectively. The critical temperature of thermal explosion of the compound is 312.87 C. The kinetic equation of the major exothermic decomposition process of the title compound at 0.1 MPa could be expressed as: dα/dT=1016.42 (1–α)e-2.502×104/T As an auxiliary catalyst, the title compound can help the main catalyst lead salt of 4-hydroxy-3,5dinitropyridine oxide to enhance the burning rate and reduce the pressure exponent of RDX-CMDB propellant.

An amino acid ionic liquid (AAIL) [C3mim][Glu] (1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium glutamate) was prepared by the neutralization method and characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy and DSC trace. Since the AAIL has a strong hydrogen bonding ability, the water content (8.41 ± 0.01)·10−3 mass fraction in the IL is difficult to remove by a common method, so trace water becomes the most problematic impurity. To eliminate the effect of the impurity water, the standard addition method (SAM) was applied to the measurement of densities and surface tensions for [C3mim][Glu] in the temperature range of (318.15 to 343.15 ± 0.05) K and (318.15 to 338.15 ± 0.05) K, respectively. Since per methylene (−CH2−) group in the alkyl chains of the imidazolium-based ionic liquids has almost the same chemical environment, using semiempirical methods we may predict physicochemical properties of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium glutamate [Cnmim][Glu] (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6): the molecular volume, Vm, the standard molar entropy, S0, the parachor, ...

A novel complex [Ni(H2O)4(TO)2](NO3)2·2H2O (TO = 1,2,4-triazole-5-one) was synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray crystal diffraction analysis. The decomposition reaction kinetic of the complex was studied using TG-DTG. A multiple heating rate method was utilized to determine the apparent activation energy (E a) and pre-exponential constant (A) of the former two decomposition stages, and the values are 109.2 kJ mol−1, 1013.80 s−1; 108.0 kJ mol−1, 1023.23 s−1, respectively. The critical temperature of thermal explosion, the entropy of activation (ΔS ≠), enthalpy of activation (ΔH ≠) and the free energy of activation (ΔG ≠) of the initial two decomposition stages of the complex were also calculated. The standard enthalpy of formation of the new complex was determined as being −1464.55 ± 1.70 kJ mol−1 by a rotating-bomb calorimeter.

A Ligand-Directed strategy has been adopted to synthesize three novel Copper(І) coordination polymers, [Cu2(bpe)(N3)2]n (1), [Cu2(bpy)(N3)2]n(2), and [Cu4(py)(N3)4]n (3), by the reactions of NaN3 with bpe, bpy and py (bpe = 1,2-trans-(4-pyridyl)ethene, bpy = 4,4′-bipyridine, py = pyrazine) in the presence of H3PO3 under hydrothermal conditions, which proved that the length of ligands had subtle effects on overall network and the coordination mode of azide.

A coordination polymer was synthesized by the reaction of CoCl2 with 1,2,4-triazole-5-one (TO) and charaterized by means of IR and TG–DTG. Single-crystal structure analysis showed that the complex crystallized in the monoclinic space group C2/c: a = 23.105(9) A, b = 3.5683(2) A, c = 13.589(6) A, α = 90°, β = 124.038(4)°, γ = 90°, V = 928.4(7) A3, Z = 4. The standard molar enthalpy of formation of the complex was determined to be (−1034.28 ± 0.95) kJ mol−1.

A pentacoordinate Cu(II) complex, [Cu(H2O)(L1)(L2)(NO3)](NO3)(H2O) (1; L1 = 1,2,4-triazole-5-one, L2 = 1,10-phenanthroline) has been synthesized and characterized. An X-ray structure analysis of 1 revealed that the Cu(II) centre has a distorted square pyramidal environment, with a second weakly bonded nitrate (Cu–O 2.550 A) giving rise to a pseudo-octahedral coordination geometry. Weak interactions such as π–π stacking and hydrogen-bonding (especially C–H ··· O hydrogen bonds) have significant effects in configuring the 3D packing of the complex.

Background/Purpose: The long-term efficacy of Telbivudine (LdT) between patients with poor response to interferon-alpha (IFN-α) therapy and those without antiviral history is unknown. Herein, we investigated and compared the outcome of LdT therapy in these patients. Methods: Two groups of Chinese patients who received LdT treatment were enrolled, one with poor response to IFN-α and then switching to LdT (IFN-LdT group), and the other one without antiviral history (LdT group). The data of biochemical, serological and virological responses within 36 months of treatment were collected. Results: The cumulative probability of ALT normalization, HBV DNA undetectability, HBeAg or HBsAg loss, and LdT-resistant mutation at 36 months was not found to be of significant difference between the two groups, respectively. However, the cumulative probability of HBeAg seroconversion at 36 months was 61.55% in IFN-LdT group, which was significantly higher than 40.68% in LdT group (p=0.047). There was significant difference in the cumulative probability of serum HBeAg

A novel complex, [Pr(5-nip)(phen)(NO3)(DMF)] (5-nip: 5-nitroisophthalic acid; phen: 1,10-phenanthroline, DMF: N,N-dimethylformamide), was prepared and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectrum and DTG-DSC techniques. The results show that the crystal is monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n with a=11.0876(6) A, b=12.8739(7) A, c=16.9994(8) A; β=91.193(4)°, Z=4, Dc=1.822 Mg m–3, F(000)=1320. Each Pr(III) ion is nine-coordinated by one chelating bidentate and two monodentate bridging carboxylate groups, one chelating bidentate nitryl group, one DMF molecule and one 1,10-phenanthroline molecule. The complex is constructed with one-dimensional ribbons featuring dinuclear units and the one-dimensional ribbons are further assembled into two-dimensional networks by strong π–π stacking interactions. The complex has high stability up to 500°C. The enthalpy change of formation of the compound in DMF was measured using an RD496-III type microcalorimeter with the value of –9.214±0.173 kJ mol–1.

Low-temperature heat capacities of the solid coordination compound Zn(Leu)SO(4)center dot 1/2H(2)O(s) were measured by a precision automated adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range between T = 78 K and T = 371 K. The initial dehydration temperature of the coordination compound was determined to be T-D = 326.50 K by analysis of the heat-capacity curve. The experimental values of molar heat capacities were fitted to a polynomial equation of heat capacities (C-p,C-m) with the reduced temperatures (x), [x = f (T)] by least-squares method. Enthalpies of dissolution of the [ZnSO(4)center dot 7H(2)O(s) + Leu(s)] ( Delta(sol)H degrees(m,1)) and the Zn(Leu)SO(4)center dot 1/2H(2)O(s) (Delta(sol)H degrees(m,2)) in 100.00 mL of 2 mol center dot dm(-3) HCl(aq) at T = 298.15 K were determined to be Delta solH degrees(m,1) = -(85.80 +/- 0.09) kJ center dot mol(-1) and Delta solH(m,2) = (55.97 +/- 0.06) kJ center dot mol(-1) by means of a homemade isoperibol solution-reaction calorimeter. The standard molar enthalpy of formation of the compound was determined as Delta H degrees(m)(Zn(Leu)SO(4)center dot 1/2H(2)O, s, 298.15 K) = -(1999.0 +/- 0.9) kJ center dot mol(-1) from the enthalpies of dissolution and other auxiliary thermodynamic data through a Hess thermochemical cycle. Furthermore, the reliability of the Hess thermochemical cycle was verified by comparing UV/Vis spectra and the refractive indexes of solution A (from dissolution of the [ZnSO(4)center dot 7H(2)O(s) + Leu(s)] mixture in 2 mol center dot dm(-3) hydrochloric acid) and solution A' (from dissolution of the complex Zn(Leu)SO(4)center dot 1/2H(2)O(S) in 2 mol center dot dm(-3) hydrochloric acid).

Metal nanowire array films were prepared by electrodepositing Cu, Ag, Ni, Co and Cu-Ag on porous anodic alumina film. Optical transmittance of both the porous anodic alumina film and metal nanowire array film was measured in the wavelength range of 400-2600 nm under an obliquely incident light. The experimental results show that metal nanowire array films exhibit a prominent polarization function. It was found that optical polarization properties can be improved by choosing suitable kinds of electrodepositing metal, controlling the shape and length of nanowire, and changing the incident angle.

An isoperibol solution−reaction calorimeter suitable for measuring molar enthalpies of solid−liquid and liquid−liquid interactions was constructed. The volume of calorimetric vessel made by transparent hard glass is about 100 cm3. Its energy equivalent is 0.48 kJ·K-1 when containing 100 cm3 of double distilled water. The thermal leakage modulus is 2.7 × 10-4 s-1. The time constant of the calorimeter is about 2.9 s. The precision of controlling and measuring the temperature is within ±0.001 K and ±0.0001 K, respectively. The performance of the calorimeter was tested by measuring the enthalpy of dissolution of KCl in double distilled water, Δs = (17 547 ± 13 J·mol-1) at T = (298.15 ± 0.001) K, and the measuring uncertainty was estimated to be within ±0.30% by comparing our measured value with the reference. Molar enthalpies of dissolution of the {ZnCl2(s) + l-His(s)} mixture and the complex Zn(His)Cl2·1/2H2O(s) in 100 cm3 of 2 mol·L-1 HCl at T = (298.15 ± 0.001) K have been measured to be Δd = (26.419 ± 0.0...

Bi2S3 and Sb2S3 nanorods were synthesized from single-source precursors M(S2CNEt2)3 (M = Bi, Sb) via a hydrothermal treatment. The X-ray powder diffraction patterns show that both of the products belong to the orthorhombic M2S3 phase. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis shows the products are phase pure. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies reveal the rodlike appearance of either Bi2S3 or Sb2S3 with a diameter in the range of 50−400 nm and a length in the range of 1−7 μm. The experimental results show that the nanorods can be prepared in protic solvent under experimental conditions (at 115−170 °C for 10 h). A possible mechanism is discussed.

The low temperature heat capacities of ethyl carbazate (C3H8N2O2) were precisely determined with an adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range from 78 to 371 K. The sample was observed to melt at 318.92 +/- 0.02 K. The molar enthalpy and entropy of the melting as well as the chemical purity of the substance were determined to be 20019 +/- 11 J mol(-1), 62.77 +/- 0.03 J mol(-1) K-l and 99.35 +/- 0.01 mol%, respectively. The extrapolated melting temperature for the absolutely pure compound obtained from fractional melting experiments was 319.181 +/- 0.005 K. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Low-temperature heat capacities of 2-pyrazinecarboxylic acid (C5H4N2O2)(s) were measured by a precision automated adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range from 78 to 400 K. A polynomial equation of heat capacities as a function of temperature was fitted by least squares method. Based on the fitted polynomial, the smoothed heat capacities and thermodynamic functions of the compound relative to the standard reference temperature 298.15 K were calculated and tabulated at 10 K intervals. The constant-volume energy of combustion of the compound at T = 298.15 K was measured by a precision rotating-bomb combustion calorimeter to be ΔcU = -(17839.40 ± 7.40) J g-1. The standard molar enthalpy of combustion of the compound was determined to be ΔcH0m = -(2211.39 ± 0.92) KJ mol-1, according to the definition of combustion enthalpy. Finally, the standard molar enthalpy of formation of the compound was calculated to be ΔfH0m = -(327.82 ± 1.13) kJ mol-1 in accordance with Hess law.

The title complex, [La(C2H5NO2)3(H2O)2]Cl3·H2O or [La(gly)3(H2O)2]Cl3·H2O, is a one-dimensional coordination polymer. Its basic repeat unit contains three glycine mol­ecules in the zwitterion form and two coordinated water mol­ecules. Three carboxyl moieties of the three glycine mol­ecules serve as bridging groups, which connect the neighbouring LaIII ions. The coordination number of lanthanum is nine. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds, involving water mol­ecules and chloride ions, form a three-dimensional network.

To investigate and analyze dynamic changes of auditory function in premature babies with fetal age of less than 37 weeks who were categorized into different birth weight groups and to detect abnormalities of auditory function in these babies and to describe the early development patterns of auditory function in infancy.Total of 252 subjects (504 ears) from neonatal ward, neonatal intensive care unit and auditory clinic in Guangzhou Children Hospital, whose fetal age were less than 37 weeks, were included in our study and received auditory function evaluation from January 2004 to February 2008. To investigate the correlation between birth weight and development and abnormality of auditory function in premature babies, all subjects were divided into four groups according to birth weight:/= 1.50 kg, 1.51 - 2.00 kg, 2.01 - 2.50 kg and2.5 kg. Each group was further categorized by subject's age on first auditory function evaluation in 0 - 3 months (include 3 months), 3 - 6 months (include 6 months) and above 6 months, respectively. Subjects who were evaluated more than once in different age frame would be grouped into multiple evaluation subgroups. All subjects underwent one or more objective auditory examinations including auditory brainstem response (ABR), distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE), tympanometry and acoustic stapedius reflex.A tendency of decreased wave V threshold of ABR was seen as birth weight increased, while the percentage of subjects with ABR wave V threshold/= 40 dB nHL increased as well. A tendency of decreased wave V threshold of ABR was also seen as age increased after birth, likewise the percentage of subjects with ABR wave V threshold/= 40 dB nHL increased with age after birth. For multiple evaluation subgroups, improvement rate ranged from 56.67% to 82.76% depending on subjects' birth weight. In all low birth weight (LBW) premature babies, 4 subjects and 6 ears with no wave or just wave V at maximum stimulation 103 dB nHL in ABR were diagnosed with auditory neuropathy, giving an incidence of 3.75%(by ears).Auditory function (including middle ear and auditory nerve system) of premature LBW improved gradually within examined age frame, as birth weight and age after birth increased. For LBW preterm who showed abnormality in auditory evaluation, a 6-month follow-up should be scheduled, babies weighted less than 1.50 kg at birth that showed abnormality in the first auditory evaluation should be re-evaluated within 2 months. Babies weighted more than 1.50 kg who showed abnormality in the first auditory evaluation should be re-evaluated within 3 months.

Correctly dealing with mediastinum lymph nodes during operation is critical to the prognosis of resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) of stage IIIA, but the removal extent of mediastinum lymph nodes is controversial. This study was to explore the effects of 2 patterns of mediastinum lymph node resection on long-term survival of stage IIIA NSCLC patients.Clinical data of 219 stage IIIA NSCLC patients, underwent complete resection from Jan. 1999 to Jan. 2004 in Xinjiang Tumor Hospital, were reviewed. Of the 219 patients, 109 underwent mediastinal lymph node sampling (LS), and 110 underwent systematic mediastinal lymphadenectomy (SML). Survival statuses of the patients were analyzed by Life table method and Kaplan-Meier method; the prognosis was analyzed with Cox multivariate regression model.The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 82%, 28%, 13% in LS group, and 88%, 37%, 16% in SML group. The median survival time was significantly longer in SML group than in LS group (23.5 months vs. 20.0 months, P0.05). Cox multivariate analysis showed that histopathologic type, metastasis state of mediastinal lymph nodes, mediastinum lymph node resection pattern were prognostic factors of stage IIIA NSCLC patients.As compared with LS, SML in radical operation could improve the survival rate of stage IIIA NSCLC patients.

The ternary solid complexes RE(Et2dtc)3 (phen) (RE=La, Pr, Nd, Sm-Er) were synthesized with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (NaEt2 dtc x 3H2O), 1,10-phenanthroline (o-phen x H2O) and hydrated lanthanide chlorides in absolute ethanol by improved reported method. IR results revealed that RE3+ coordinated with sulfur atoms of NaEt2 dtc and nitrogen atoms of o-phen. As for UV spectrum of the complexes, energy transfer between o-phen and RE3+ was the primary process, and the main absorption peaks showed a slight red shift compared to that of o-phen; FS spectrum, as a comparison, showed that the complexes Sm (Et2 dtc)3 (phen) and Eu(Et2dtc)3 (phen) have a higher efficiency of intermolecular energy transfer and a stronger fluorescence character.

Highly pure solid compounds, such as L-threonic acid, calcium L-threonate, magnesium L-threonate, manganese L-threonate, cobalt L-threonate, nickel L-theronate, and zinc L-threonate, were prepared, wherein, L-threonic acid was obtained from calcium L-threonate by strong acid type ion exchange process, calcium L-threonate or zinc L-threonate was prepared by alcohol extracting the concentrated filter liquor of the reaction of Vc, H2O2 and CaCO3 or ZnCO3, the reminder of the compounds were synthesized using alcohol extracting the concentrated solution derived from the reaction of L-threonic acid solution, prepared by double decomposition reaction of calcium L-threonate with oxalic acid, and superfluous MgO, MnCO3, Co2(OH)2CO3 and Ni2(OH)2CO3. The compositions of the compounds were determined by chemical and elemental analysis, and these compounds have the formula M(C4H7O5)2.nH2O (M = Ca, Zn, n = 0; M = Mg, Mn, Co, n = 1; M = Ni, n = 2). The purity of the compounds was 99.60% by HPLC. The IR spectra of the complexes were similar with each other but different from that of L-threonic acid. The characteristic absorption peaks of water were not observed in those of calcium L-threonate or zinc L-threonate, which showed that the molecule of water was not involved in the complexes. Further analyses indicate that M2+ in the compounds coordinated to oxygen atom of the carboxy group, while the proton of the carboxyl group was dissociated and the proton belonging to hydroxyl was not M2+ coordinated to L-threonic acid through the sp3 hybrizated fashion. It was assumed that the coordination number of M2+ was 4.

The complexes of ZnCl2 and ZnSO4 with AMP in molar ratios of 1:1 and 1:2 were prepared through reflux in alcohol. The compositions of the complexes were determined to be Zn(AMP)2Cl2(A) and Zn(AMP)SO4(B) by chemical and elemental analyses. It was identified via IR analysis for the complexes that nitrogen atom of amino group and one of nitrogen atoms of pyrimidine coordinated to Zn2+ in bidentate fashion. Cl- in the complex of A and SO4(2-) in the complex of B participated in the coordination to Zn2+ and some feedback characteristic was found in the bond of N--Zn2+, which was proved by XPS spectra. Study on 1H NMR for the complexes showed that two ligands joined the coordination to Zn2+ in the complex of A while one ligand did in the complex of B. Based on the above analyses, the structures of the complexes were presumed.