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Objective. To study the response of the sciatic nerve trunk’s hemomicrocirculatory bed to a single administration of cryopreserved placenta and intraperitoneal administration of λ -carrageenan. Material and methods. An experimental study was performed on the sciatic nerve trunk of 100 sexually-mature rats. Histological research methods were used. It was established that when transplanting a cryopreserved placenta, all parts of the hemomicrocirculatory bed (HMCB) respond. Thus, the resistive part of the sciatic nerve trunk HMCB during cryopreserved placenta transplantation was characterized by a gradual increase in the mean diameters with the maximum value on the 5th-7th days and their complete recovery on the 10th day of the study. In the simulation of acute aseptic peritonitis there is a sharp decrease in diameters on the 2nd-3rd days, followed by their increase on the 5th-14th days and recovery on the 30th day. Results. In transplantation of cryopreserved placenta, the exchange link of the HMCB reacted significantly by increasing the mean diameter of the capillaries on the 5th day. In the simulation of acute aseptic peritonitis, the mean diameter of the capillaries increased on the 1st day and did not return to the control group limits on the 30th day of the study. Capacitive link responded to transplantation of cryopreserved placenta by an increase in diameter with the maximum value on the 5th day and recovery on the 10th day of the study (p, Цель работы – изучить реакции гемомикроциркуляторного русла ствола седалищного нерва на однократное введение криоконсервированной плаценты и внутрибрюшное введение λ-карагенена. Материал и методы. Проведено экспериментальное исследование ствола седалищного нерва на 100 половозрелых крысах. Применяли гистологические методы исследования. Результаты. Установлено, что при трансплантации криоконсервированной плаценты реагируют все звенья гемомикроциркуляторного русла (ГМЦР). Так, резистивное звено ГМЦР ствола седалищного нерва при трансплантации криоконсервированной плаценты характеризовалось постепенным увеличением показателей средних диаметров с максимальным значением на 5-7-е сутки и полным восстановлением их на 10-е сутки исследования. При моделировании острого асептического воспаления брюшины отмечается резкое уменьшение диаметров на 2-3-е сутки с последующим увеличением их в течение 5-14-х суток и восстановлением на 30-е сутки. При трансплантации криоконсервированной плаценты обменное звено ГМЦР существенно реагировало увеличением среднего диаметра капилляров на 5-е сутки. При моделировании острого асептического воспаления брюшины средний диаметр капилляров увеличился на 1-е сутки и не вернулся к значениям показателей контрольной группы на 30-е сутки исследования. Емкостное звено реагировало на трансплантацию криоконсервированной плаценты увеличением диаметров с максимальным значением на 5-е сутки и восстановлением на 10-е сутки исследования (р, Мета роботи – вивчити реакції гемомікроциркуляторного русла сідничного нерва на однократне введення кріоконсервованої плаценти і внутрішньочеревне введення λ-карагенену. Матеріал і методи. Проведено експериментальне дослідження стовбура сідничного нерва на 100 статевозрілих щурах. Застосовували гістологічні методи дослідження. Результати. Встановлено, що при трансплантації кріоконсервованої плаценти реагують усі ланки гемомікроциркуляторного русла (ГМЦР) стовбура сідничного нерва. Так, резистивна ланка ГМЦР стовбура сідничного нерва при трансплантації кріоконсервованої плаценти характеризувалася поступовим збільшенням показників середніх діаметрів із максимальним значенням на 5-7-му доби та повним відновленням їх на 10-ту добу дослідження. При моделюванні гострого асептичного запалення очеревини відзначається різке зменшення діаметрів на 2-3- тю доби з наступним збільшенням їх протягом 5-14 діб та відновленням на 30-ту добу. При трансплантації кріоконсервованої плаценти обмінна ланка ГМЦР суттєво реагувала збільшенням середнього діаметра капілярів на 5-ту добу. При моделюванні гострого асептичного запалення очеревини середній діаметр капілярів збільшився на 1-ту добу і не повернувся до значень показників контрольної групи на 30-ту добу дослідження. Ємнісна ланка реагувала на трансплантацію кріоконсервованої плаценти збільшенням діаметрів з максимальним значенням на 5-ту добу і відновленням на 10-ту добу дослідження (р

The article describes the introduction and advantages of simulation training in the study of the module "Premedical care in extreme situations." New approaches to medical education will make it easier for applicants to acquire practical skills in the discipline and improve the quality of their professional training.

The article describes the introduction and advantages of simulation training in the study of the module "Premedical care in extreme situations." New approaches to medical education will make it easier for applicants to acquire practical skills in the discipline and improve the quality of their professional training.

The article describes the introduction and advantages of simulation training in the study of the module "Premedical care in extreme situations." New approaches to medical education will make it easier for applicants to acquire practical skills in the discipline and improve the quality of their professional training.

The article describes the introduction and advantages of simulation training in the study of the module "Premedical care in extreme situations." New approaches to medical education will make it easier for applicants to acquire practical skills in the discipline and improve the quality of their professional training.

The article describes the introduction and advantages of simulation training in the study of the module "Premedical care in extreme situations." New approaches to medical education will make it easier for applicants to acquire practical skills in the discipline and improve the quality of their professional training.

The article describes the introduction and advantages of simulation training in the study of the module "Premedical care in extreme situations." New approaches to medical education will make it easier for applicants to acquire practical skills in the discipline and improve the quality of their professional training.

Antibacterial therapy, and especially the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, partially or completely suppresses not only pathogenic, but also normal microflora, which is the cause of various functional disorders of the intestinal tract. The questions concerning the morphological and functional state of structured lymphatic epithelial formations of the intestinal tract, of which the most representative group lymphoid nodules (Peyer’s patches), are extremely insufficiently and contradictory, have been studied. The purpose of the research was to study Peyer’s patches of the small intestine of white rats after taking clarithromycin using immunohistochemical analysis methods. Material and Methods. 30 mature albino mature male rats weighted 200.0±20.0 g were involved into the experiment. A broad-spectrum antibiotic (clarithromycin, 500 mg tablets, the dose was 10 mg/kg) was administered to animals orally with food in the regime of their two-time feeding per day (morning and evening), for 10 days. After vivisection, selective excision of sections of the mesenteric part of the small intestine with Peyer’s patches was performed. Immunohistochemical studies were performed in the «Prime Test» laboratory at the Department of Pathological Anatomy Kharkov Institute of Postgraduate Education. A complex of morphological studies was carried out on a Primo Star microscope (Carl Zeiss) using the AxioCam program (ERc 5s). Results and discussion. The study demonstrated that after the course administration of clarithromycin, the changes consisted in a decrease in B and T lymphocytes in the correspondingly dependent zones, and an increase in their number in the intermediate zones between the lymphoid nodules. The effect of clarithromycin on the intestinal microflora is associated with an increase in the number of plasmocytes, macrophages and classical dendritic cells in Peyer’s patches, as well as the appearance of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. The action of the antibiotic leads to the ph

Antibacterial therapy, and especially the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, partially or completely suppresses not only pathogenic, but also normal microflora, which is the cause of various functional disorders of the intestinal tract. The questions concerning the morphological and functional state of structured lymphatic epithelial formations of the intestinal tract, of which the most representative group lymphoid nodules (Peyer’s patches), are extremely insufficiently and contradictory, have been studied. The purpose of the research was to study Peyer’s patches of the small intestine of white rats after taking clarithromycin using immunohistochemical analysis methods. Material and Methods. 30 mature albino mature male rats weighted 200.0±20.0 g were involved into the experiment. A broad-spectrum antibiotic (clarithromycin, 500 mg tablets, the dose was 10 mg/kg) was administered to animals orally with food in the regime of their two-time feeding per day (morning and evening), for 10 days. After vivisection, selective excision of sections of the mesenteric part of the small intestine with Peyer’s patches was performed. Immunohistochemical studies were performed in the «Prime Test» laboratory at the Department of Pathological Anatomy Kharkov Institute of Postgraduate Education. A complex of morphological studies was carried out on a Primo Star microscope (Carl Zeiss) using the AxioCam program (ERc 5s). Results and discussion. The study demonstrated that after the course administration of clarithromycin, the changes consisted in a decrease in B and T lymphocytes in the correspondingly dependent zones, and an increase in their number in the intermediate zones between the lymphoid nodules. The effect of clarithromycin on the intestinal microflora is associated with an increase in the number of plasmocytes, macrophages and classical dendritic cells in Peyer’s patches, as well as the appearance of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. The action of the antibiotic leads to the ph

Antibacterial therapy, and especially the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, partially or completely suppresses not only pathogenic, but also normal microflora, which is the cause of various functional disorders of the intestinal tract. The questions concerning the morphological and functional state of structured lymphatic epithelial formations of the intestinal tract, of which the most representative group lymphoid nodules (Peyer’s patches), are extremely insufficiently and contradictory, have been studied. The purpose of the research was to study Peyer’s patches of the small intestine of white rats after taking clarithromycin using immunohistochemical analysis methods. Material and Methods. 30 mature albino mature male rats weighted 200.0±20.0 g were involved into the experiment. A broad-spectrum antibiotic (clarithromycin, 500 mg tablets, the dose was 10 mg/kg) was administered to animals orally with food in the regime of their two-time feeding per day (morning and evening), for 10 days. After vivisection, selective excision of sections of the mesenteric part of the small intestine with Peyer’s patches was performed. Immunohistochemical studies were performed in the «Prime Test» laboratory at the Department of Pathological Anatomy Kharkov Institute of Postgraduate Education. A complex of morphological studies was carried out on a Primo Star microscope (Carl Zeiss) using the AxioCam program (ERc 5s). Results and discussion. The study demonstrated that after the course administration of clarithromycin, the changes consisted in a decrease in B and T lymphocytes in the correspondingly dependent zones, and an increase in their number in the intermediate zones between the lymphoid nodules. The effect of clarithromycin on the intestinal microflora is associated with an increase in the number of plasmocytes, macrophages and classical dendritic cells in Peyer’s patches, as well as the appearance of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. The action of the antibiotic leads to the ph

Метою дослідження було вивчення змін ендокриноцитів стінки тонкої кишки (дванадцятипала, порожниста, клубова) у інтактних щурів, при трансплантації кріоконсервованої плаценти та трансплантації кріоконсервованої плаценти на тлі гострого асептичного запалення очеревини у щурів. При введенні кріоконсервованої плаценти встановлено збільшення середньої кількості ЕС- та ЕСL-клітин, що сприяло більшій проникності судинної стінки та сполучної тканини власної пластинки на 3-7-у добу. Зменшувалась кількість Р-, D1-клітин. При одноразовому підшкірному введенні кріоконсервованої плаценти на тлі гострого асептичного запалення очеревини кількість ЕС- та ЕСL-клітин збільшувалась, що прискорювало судинну реакцію у відповідь на запалення. Активна поява малодиференційованих клітин, у яких наявні «фігури мітозу», свідчить про відновлення структурних компонентів слизової оболонки тонкої кишки вже на 14 добу., Background. Modern conceptions about mechanisms of inflammation of the small intestine could not be formed without an understanding of intercellular relationships that are realized by biologically active signaling molecules produced by endocrine cells. Methods. The experimental study has been carried out on the small intestine extracted from 140 adult male rats. Electron and light microscopy methods were used. Acute aseptic inflammation was modeled by intraperitoneal carrageenan injection; influence of subcutaneously cryopreserved placenta injection was analyzed. Results. After modeling of the acute aseptic peritoneal inflammation the maximal increase of ECL-cells was noted on the 21st day. The slowest restoration of endocrine cells number occurred on all measured parameters and was observed on day 30th of the observation. In case of administration of cryopreserved placenta at the early stages (days 3rd – 7th) the increase of average number of EC- and ECL-cells promoted the enhanced permeability of vessels in the lamina propria. The decrease in number of P-cells prevented the development of hyperacid gastritis. Reduction in the average number of D1- cells prevented the excessive vasodilatation and facilitated the excretion of excess fluid from the foci of inflammation. In simultaneous subcutaneous administration of cryopreserved placenta and modeling of acute aseptic peritoneal inflammation the number of ЕС- and ЕСL-cells increased, accelerating the vascular response to inflammation. Conclusion. Active appearance of low-differentiated cells including those with “shapes of mitosis” on the day 14th indicates restoration of structural components of the small intestine mucosa and processes of absorption and parietal digestion after placenta administration during acute aseptic inflammation., Проведено экспериментальное исследование тонкой кишки 140 половозрелых крыс-самцов. Были применены гистологические методы исследования. При введении криоконсервированной плаценты происходило увеличение среднего количества EС- и EСL-клеток, что способствовало увеличению проницаемости сосудистой стенки и основного вещества соединительной ткани собственной пластинки на ранних стадиях. Уменьшение количества Р-клеток предупреждало развитие гиперацидгастрии. Снижение среднего числа D1-клеток предотвращало чрезмерную вазодилатацию и способствовало выведению лишней жидкости из очагов воспаления. При моделировании острого асептического воспаления увеличилось количество EС-EСL-клеток, максимально на 14 сутки. Восстановление представительства эндокриноцитов происходило наиболее медленно по всем определенным показателям и наблюдалось на 21 сутки наблюдения. При одноразовом подкожном введении криоконсервированной плаценты на фоне острого асептического воспаления брюшины количество ЕС- и ЕСL-клеток увеличивалось, ускоряя при этом сосудистую реакцию в ответ на воспаление. Активное появление малодифференцированных клеток, в которых присутствуют «фигуры митоза», свидетельствует о восстановлении структурных компонентов слизистой оболочки тонкой кишки, а также процессов всасывания и пристеночного пищеварения уже на 14 сутки.

Lesions of the submandibular ganglion are manifested by multiple clinical signs. Symptoms prevailed in patients with the most diverse diagnosis call for monitoring by neurologist, dentists, otolaryngologists and other specialists. This can be somewhat associated with the complex relationship of the submandibular ganglion with other cranial parasympathetic ganglia of the head. Thus, the study of topography and structural organization of the submandibular ganglion is relevant due to inadequate knowledge of its structure on the other hand and the need to develop the most rational accesses to the ganglion itself on the other hand. The parasympathetic submandibular ganglia play an important role in the innervation of the mucous membranes of the nasal and oral mucosa, as well as salivary glands. Inflammation of the cranial parasympathetic ganglia, called ganglionitis, occurs in clinical practice. The nature of the inflammation progress depends mainly on the features of the topography of one or another ganglion and the presence of its relations with other cranial parasympathetic ganglia. The clinical picture of autonomic ganglionitis is different. This is due to the fact that the autonomic ganglia, nerves and plexus are located on a large area. Cranial parasympathetic ganglia (ciliary, pterygopalatine, otic, submandibular and sublingual) are interconnected anatomically and functionally and have relations with the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion, which is the collector of the peripheral part of the autonomic nervous system of the head. In clinical practice such complex structure leads to the occurrence of irritation syndromes of both segmental and ultrasectoral departments of the autonomic nervous system. The appropriate treatment of ganglionitis is dependent from the anthropometric variants of the topography of the submandibular parasympathetic ganglions. The need for improvement of the conservative methods of treatment and the correct and precise holding of the blo

Lesions of the submandibular ganglion are manifested by multiple clinical signs. Symptoms prevailed in patients with the most diverse diagnosis call for monitoring by neurologist, dentists, otolaryngologists and other specialists. This can be somewhat associated with the complex relationship of the submandibular ganglion with other cranial parasympathetic ganglia of the head. Thus, the study of topography and structural organization of the submandibular ganglion is relevant due to inadequate knowledge of its structure on the other hand and the need to develop the most rational accesses to the ganglion itself on the other hand. The parasympathetic submandibular ganglia play an important role in the innervation of the mucous membranes of the nasal and oral mucosa, as well as salivary glands. Inflammation of the cranial parasympathetic ganglia, called ganglionitis, occurs in clinical practice. The nature of the inflammation progress depends mainly on the features of the topography of one or another ganglion and the presence of its relations with other cranial parasympathetic ganglia. The clinical picture of autonomic ganglionitis is different. This is due to the fact that the autonomic ganglia, nerves and plexus are located on a large area. Cranial parasympathetic ganglia (ciliary, pterygopalatine, otic, submandibular and sublingual) are interconnected anatomically and functionally and have relations with the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion, which is the collector of the peripheral part of the autonomic nervous system of the head. In clinical practice such complex structure leads to the occurrence of irritation syndromes of both segmental and ultrasectoral departments of the autonomic nervous system. The appropriate treatment of ganglionitis is dependent from the anthropometric variants of the topography of the submandibular parasympathetic ganglions. The need for improvement of the conservative methods of treatment and the correct and precise holding of the blo