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468 results on '"Sherchand, Jeevan"'

6. Gut microbiome transition across a lifestyle gradient in Himalaya.

Author

Jha, Aashish, Davenport, Emily, Gautam, Yoshina, Bhandari, Dinesh, Tandukar, Sarmila, Ng, Katharine, Fragiadakis, Gabriela, Holmes, Susan, Gautam, Guru, Leach, Jeff, Sherchand, Jeevan, Bustamante, Carlos, and Sonnenburg, Justin

Subjects
Adult, Bacteria, Diet, Diet, Paleolithic, Feces, Female, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Genetics, Population, Geography, Humans, Life Style, Male, Microbiota, Middle Aged, Nepal, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Rural Population
Abstract

The composition of the gut microbiome in industrialized populations differs from those living traditional lifestyles. However, it has been difficult to separate the contributions of human genetic and geographic factors from lifestyle. Whether shifts away from the foraging lifestyle that characterize much of humanitys past influence the gut microbiome, and to what degree, remains unclear. Here, we characterize the stool bacterial composition of four Himalayan populations to investigate how the gut community changes in response to shifts in traditional human lifestyles. These groups led seminomadic hunting-gathering lifestyles until transitioning to varying levels of agricultural dependence upon farming. The Tharu began farming 250-300 years ago, the Raute and Raji transitioned 30-40 years ago, and the Chepang retain many aspects of a foraging lifestyle. We assess the contributions of dietary and environmental factors on their gut-associated microbes and find that differences in the lifestyles of Himalayan foragers and farmers are strongly correlated with microbial community variation. Furthermore, the gut microbiomes of all four traditional Himalayan populations are distinct from that of the Americans, indicating that industrialization may further exacerbate differences in the gut community. The Chepang foragers harbor an elevated abundance of taxa associated with foragers around the world. Conversely, the gut microbiomes of the populations that have transitioned to farming are more similar to those of Americans, with agricultural dependence and several associated lifestyle and environmental factors correlating with the extent of microbiome divergence from the foraging population. The gut microbiomes of Raute and Raji reveal an intermediate state between the Chepang and Tharu, indicating that divergence from a stereotypical foraging microbiome can occur within a single generation. Our results also show that environmental factors such as drinking water source and solid cooking fuel are significantly associated with the gut microbiome. Despite the pronounced differences in gut bacterial composition across populations, we found little differences in alpha diversity across lifestyles. These findings in genetically similar populations living in the same geographical region establish the key role of lifestyle in determining human gut microbiome composition and point to the next challenging steps of determining how large-scale gut microbiome reconfiguration impacts human biology.

Published
2018

7. Impact of topical applications of sunflower seed oil on neonatal mortality and morbidity in southern Nepal: a community-based, cluster-randomised trial

Author

Katz, Joanne, primary, Khatry, Subarna K, additional, Shrestha, Laxman, additional, Summers, Aimee, additional, Visscher, Marty O, additional, Sherchand, Jeevan B, additional, Tielsch, James M, additional, Subedi, Seema, additional, LeClerq, Steven C, additional, and Mullany, Luke C, additional

Published
2024
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9. Molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumanniiisolates from a hospital in Nepal

Author

Sakuma, Masafumi, Tohya, Mari, Hishinuma, Tomomi, Sherchand, Jeevan B., Kirikae, Teruo, and Tada, Tatsuya

Abstract

•Highly multidrug-resistant A. baumanniiis spreading in a hospital, Nepal.•39% of MDR A. baumanniiin Nepal harboured blaNDM-1.•83% of MDR A. baumanniiin Nepal harboured arma.•MDR A. baumanniibelonging to international clone 2 increases in Nepal.

Published
2024
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14. Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniaeclinical isolates producing NDM- and OXA-type carbapenemase in Nepal

Author

Takei, Satomi, Tabe, Yoko, Miida, Takashi, Hishinuma, Tomomi, Khasawneh, Abdullah, Kirikae, Teruo, Sherchand, Jeevan B., and Tada, Tatsuya

Abstract

•Molecular epidemiology analysis was conducted using 46 MDR K. pneumoniaein two hospitals, Nepal.•All the isolates produced carbapenemases, and some of them produced 16S rRNA methytransferase.•Majority of the isolates were high-risk clones in hospitals in Nepal.•IncFII and ColKP3 plasmids carrying carbapenemase genes are spreading in K. pneumoniaein Nepal.

Published
2024
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15. Climate change and infectious disease surveillance in Nepal: qualitative study exploring social, cultural, political and institutional factors influencing disease surveillance.

Author

Bhandari, Dinesh, Bi, Peng, Sherchand, Jeevan Bahadur, Ehrenstein, Ondine S von, Lokmic-Tomkins, Zerina, Dhimal, Meghnath, and Hanson-Easey, Scott

Subjects
COMMUNICABLE disease epidemiology, COMMUNICABLE diseases, PUBLIC health surveillance, RISK assessment, QUALITATIVE research, CLIMATE change, INTERVIEWING, JUDGMENT sampling, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, THEMATIC analysis, RESEARCH methodology, CONCEPTUAL structures, DATA analysis software, PATIENTS' attitudes, DISEASE risk factors
Abstract

Background To explore the impacts of contextual issues encompassing social, cultural, political and institutional elements, on the operation of public health surveillance systems in Nepal concerning the monitoring of infectious diseases in the face of a changing climate. Methods Semi-structured interviews (n  = 16) were conducted amongst key informants from the Department of Health Services, Health Information Management System, Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, World Health Organization, and experts working on infectious disease and climate change in Nepal, and data were analysed using thematic analysis technique. Results Analysis explicates how climate change is constructed as a contingent risk for infectious diseases transmission and public health systems, and treated less seriously than other 'salient' public health risks, having implications for how resources are allocated. Further, analysis suggests a weak alliance among different stakeholders, particularly policy makers and evidence generators, resulting in the continuation of traditional practices of infectious diseases surveillance without consideration of the impacts of climate change. Conclusions We argue that along with strengthening systemic issues (epidemiological capacity, data quality and inter-sectoral collaboration), it is necessary to build a stronger political commitment to urgently address the influence of climate change as a present and exponential risk factor in the spread of infectious disease in Nepal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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19. Etiology of Severe Acute Watery Diarrhea in Children in the Global Rotavirus Surveillance Network Using Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction

Author

Operario, Darwin J., Platts-Mills, James A., Nadan, Sandrama, Page, Nicola, Seheri, Mapaseka, Mphahlele, Jeffrey, Praharaj, Ira, Kang, Gagandeep, Araujo, Irene T., Leite, Jose Paulo G., Cowley, Daniel, Thomas, Sarah, Kirkwood, Carl D., Dennis, Francis, Armah, George, Mwenda, Jason M., Wijesinghe, Pushpa Ranjan, Rey, Gloria, Grabovac, Varja, Berejena, Chipo, Simwaka, Chibumbya J., Uwimana, Jeannine, Sherchand, Jeevan B., Thu, Hlaing Myat, Galagoda, Geethani, Bonkoungou, Isidore J. O., Jagne, Sheriffo, Tsolenyanu, Enyonam, Diop, Amadou, EnweronuLaryea, Christabel, Borbor, Sam-Aliyah, Liu, Jie, McMurry, Timothy, Lopman, Benjamin, Parashar, Umesh, Gentsch, John, Steele, A. Duncan, Cohen, Adam, Serhan, Fatima, and Houpt, Eric R.

Published
2017

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