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The work presents the results of studying the content of potentially toxic elements (Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Ni and Cd) in bottom sediments sampled at monitoring stations in the natural-anthropogenic systems of the Lower Don adjacent to the impact zone of the Novocherkassk Power Plant. The relationship between the content of metals in bottom sediments and their sorption properties is largely determined by the conditions of formation and the type of bottom sediments. Evaluation of the potentially toxic element content in sediments indicated that in particle size fractions (≤ 0.001 mm) could accumulate more than 15 times the levels of Cr and Zn and more than 6 times the levels of Cu, Cd and Ni in comparison to the particle size fractions that are 1.0 mm. Local zones of polyelemental pollution of bottom sediments with respect to Cu, Zn, Pb Cd and Cr were determined. These zones are confined to the geochemical sorption barriers of small watercourses of the power plant.