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Overexpression of p16 is closely related to human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and pertains a prognostic relevance. Programmed cell death 1-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is another important marker, as anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy is available. Retrospective analysis of 57 cases of the SCC involving oropharynx (27 cases), hypopharynx (5 cases), larynx (11 cases), and oral cavity (14 cases) was performed. Each case was scrutinized for the basaloid morphology, p16, and PD-L1 expression. Basaloid morphology was identified in 47% of total cases. The majority of basaloid SCC variants were located in the oropharynx (89%). High expression of p16 was mostly observed in the oropharynx. High PD-L1 expression was seen predominantly in oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal locations. Further studies in a larger cohort are necessary to correlate PD-L1 and p16 expression with survival.

Follicular lymphoma, the second most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), primarily affects adults and shows an indolent clinical course. Rare cases of follicular lymphoma transform to a high-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 rearrangements or double-hit lymphoma. Transformation to a double-hit lymphoma portends a worse prognosis and requires aggressive treatment. We report a comprehensive clinical, pathologic and radiographic review of a patient with previously undiagnosed low-grade follicular lymphoma that transformed into a double-hit lymphoma. The patient presented with a large heterogeneous mass 16 x 19 cm involving pancreatic head and neck and a mildly enlarged inguinal lymph node. Positron emission tomography (PET) study demonstrated Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F) (FDG)-avid peripancreatic mass. Tissue biopsy demonstrated a high-grade B-cell lymphoma with rearrangements t(14;18) and MYC, leading to the diagnosis of high-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 rearrangements. Excisional biopsy of an inguinal lymph node demonstrated low-grade follicular lymphoma. Clonality studies demonstrated the same immunoglobulin clone V7-4 in inguinal lymph node and peripancreatic mass. Therefore, diagnosis of a high-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 rearrangements that transformed from a low-grade follicular lymphoma was rendered. It is ultimately important to establish a tissue-based diagnosis at the different sites that are involved with lymphoma. Patient proceeded with the aggressive treatment with dose-adjusted etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and rituximab (EPOCH-R) treatment.

In this paper, we analyze the role of artificial water bodies in the former peat pits as habitats for gulls and terns based on long-term monitoring data in the Nizhny Novgorod oblast (area 76.624 km2), located in the center of European Russia. 3 regional censuses of Laridae were carried out in 1985-87, 1997, and 2006-2007. The monitoring of the largest colony of gulls in the region at the IBA Sitnikovski RU-185 was carried out in 1982, 1987, 1994, 1997, 2002, 2006, 2011 and 2023. It is shown that very large colonies of many species of Laridae, representing complexes of closely located colonies, have formed on the peat pits in the Nizhny Novgorod oblast. Peat pits are the most important nesting sites for Larus ridibundus, L. canus and L. argentatus in the central part of European Russia. In the Nizhny Novgorod oblast, more than 50% of the regional population of these species nests in these habitats. Monitoring only the Sitnikovski colony allows us to judge the trends in the numbers of most species of Laridae in the Nizhny Novgorod oblast at large. Based on extrapolation of population data at Sitniki peat pits we can calculate the approximate numbers of regional breeding populations of Larus minutus, L. ridibundus, L. canus and L. argentatus.

The paper is aimed to characterize the abundance of wildlife species listed in the Red Data Books of Russia and the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast on the territory of the city of Nizhny Novgorod, a megalopolis located in the geographical center of European Russia, to identify particular areas as habitats of rare species, to justify the need for protection of these areas. The analysis was based on the results of the authors’ surveys, published data, stock information (since the end of the XIX century), facts collected by the methods of citizen science. We have been developed the database containing 938 units of information about the registrations of 119 rare wildlife species in the city and identified 37 areas as the most important habitats of rare wildlife species, the human transformation of which should be avoided or requires special attention to the conservation of rare wildlife species and their habitats. We have proposed the matrix to estimate the degree of protection of urban habitats of rare wildlife species. Today, the habitats of a third of rare species are not protected by law. If all 37 identified natural areas are adopted as protected, more than 82% of rare urban species will be provided with territorial protection in full or at a high level.

Background: Obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) is a condition impairing limb function caused by birth injury. In 20 to 30% of cases, severe OBPP can cause life constraints in feeding, grooming, and clothing tasks. Objective: The present study, using voxel- and surface-based morphometry (VBM and SBM), examined the brain structure of pediatric OBPP patients to better understand the effects of this peripheral motor deficit on early brain development. Methods: Thirty-six T1-weighted images of 18 patients (2-17 years old, mean age = 11.3, 8 females) and 18 healthy controls (2-17 years old, mean age = 10.1, 8 females) were collected for this study. MRI data were processed and analyzed using the Statistical Parametric Mapping 12 (SPM12) toolbox. The custom pediatric tissue probability map was created with the CerebroMatic (COM) toolbox. The results were considered significant if they survived whole-brain family-wise error correction (P <.05). Results: We have found differences in grey matter volumes in the bilateral anterior hippocampus (left P <.001 and right P =.01) and left cerebellum exterior (Crus I) (P <.001). We have also found differences in cortical thickness in the bilateral parahippocampal gyri (left P =.001 and right P =.005) and right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) (P <.001). Conclusions: These structural differences might be linked to the altered environmental adaptation that children with OBPP face due to their primary motor deficit. Our findings hint at a complex interplay between motor capabilities, brain structure development, and cognitive functions. However, more research combining neuroimaging, behavioral, cognitive, and clinical data is needed to support stronger conclusions on this subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated the relationship between emotions and charitable behavior in the context of pet charities. In particular, we examined the role of pet characteristics such as age, health status, signs of homelessness, and the animal being in the presence of a human as factors in a potential benefactors' emotional state (valence and arousal) that are associated with the willingness to donate. We conducted an online experiment in which participants (N = 54) voluntarily donated in response to being presented with pictures of dogs in various conditions. Emotional state was measured as self‐reported valence and arousal. Our findings showed that willingness to donate was higher when participants experienced unpleasant emotions with a high arousal. In addition, we found that animals' apparent sickness and signs of homelessness provoked larger donations, while age (adult or puppy) and being in the presence of a human did not affect charitable behavior. Our study contributes to the research on the effectiveness of charity appeals in the context of pet charities and complements the literature on human prosocial behavior in support of other species. The results have practical implications for the development of advertising on behalf of pet charities as they explore the impact of dogs' characteristics on donors' emotions and willingness to donate under ecologically valid conditions, in contrast to previous laboratory studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is aimed to generalize and analyze information about endangered wildlife species in the disturbed fen site (comparing the state of surrounding wetlands) to predict their condition during rehabilitation and restoration of the site and subsequent monitoring during successional processes in the wetland ecosystems. The research was carried out on the territory of the Biosphere Reserve of UNESCO “Nizhegorodskoe Zavolzhye” on the example of the Kamskoe–Osinovye Kotly mire, which is a part of the Ramsar wetlands “Kama-Bakaldino Mires” (Nizhny Novgorod region). The area of the mire is about 15,000 hectares. A part of the mire with a total area of 2,770 hectares was drained and disturbed as a result of peat extraction since the 1970s to 1990s. We carried out surveys of flora and vegetation counts of small mammals, birds, amphibians and reptiles, butterflies and moths in 2021. Also for the analysis we used research data obtained in 1981-2019. A total of 58 endangered wildlife species listed in the Red Data Book of the Nizhny Novgorod region were registered in the studied territory, 14 species of which were discovered here for the first time. The location of the site which are planned to be restored, in the central part of the mire, surrounded by undisturbed communities is a condition for its successful restoration with the full biota after watering. Secondary watering of the site of former peat mining will not cause damage to endangered wildlife species. To maintain biodiversity and conserve the complex of meadow and semi-forest species we recommend carrying out the haymaking in the open spaces adjacent to the mire on the territory of the projected national park. Also we believe the succession processes in the mire and the endangered wildlife species conditions to have to be controlled.