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Aims: Human urinary kallidinogenase (HUK) has shown favorable efficacies in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treatment. We sought confirmation of the safety and efficacy of HUK for AIS in a large population. Methods: RESK study enrolled patients with AIS of anterior circulation to receive HUK infusion. The primary endpoint was the incidence of treatment‐emergent adverse events (AEs). Secondary endpoints assessed neurological and functional improvements and stroke recurrent rate. Results: Of 1206 eligible patients, 1202 patients received at least one dose of HUK infusion and 983 (81.5%) completed the study. The incidence of treatment‐emergent AEs and serious AEs were 55.99% and 2.41%, respectively. Pre‐specified AEs of special interest occurred in 21.71% of patients, but the majority were mild and unrelated to therapy. Hypertension, age, treatment time, and drug combination were identified to be associated with drug‐related blood pressure reduction. Neurological and functional evaluations revealed favorable outcomes from baseline to post‐treatment assessment. The cumulative recurrence rate of stroke was 2.50% during the 90‐day assessment. Conclusion: HUK had an acceptable safety and tolerability profile in AIS patients. Besides, HUK demonstrated the neurological and functional improvements in AIS, further confirming its clinical efficacy in a real‐world large population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, methyl salicylate, and methyl jasmonate are important phytohormones and defensive signaling compounds, so it is of great importance to determine their levels rapidly and accurately. The study uses Ulmus pumila leaves infected by Tetraneura akinire Sasaki at different stages as materials; after extraction with 80% methanol and ethyl acetate and purification with primary secondary amine (PSA) and graphitized carbon blacks (GCB), the contents of signal compounds salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, methyl salicylate, and methyl jasmonate were determined by GC-MS. The results showed that the level of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, methyl salicylate, and methyl jasmonate increased remarkably in U. pumila once infected by T. akinire Sasaki, but the maximums of these four compounds occurred at different times. Salicylic acid level reached the highest at the early stage, and jasmonic acid level went to the maximum in the middle stage; by contrast, change of content of methyl salicylate and methyl jasmonate was the quite opposite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the change of enzymes and effect of garlicin treatment on the change in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of rats with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)., Methods: Wistar rats were injected intramuscularly continually with dexamethasone to establish the rat model of PCP. The experimental rats (group A) were injected intramuscularly with garlicin at a dose of 10 mg/(kg x d) for 5 days in the 3rd, 6th and 9th week respectively, and SMZ/TMP therapy group (B), PCP infected group (C) and normal group (D) were established as controls. Three days after the last treatment, the rats of all groups were killed and BALF was collected without contamination and enzymes AST, ALF, CHE, ALP, LDH, CK, CKMB, HBDH, AFU, 5'NT, ADA were examined., Results: The ALP level in group C [(573.41 +/- 350.63)U/L] was significantly higher than that in group D [(210.56 +/- 114.41) U/L] (q = 4.682, P < 0.01), group A [(392.07 +/- 217.57) U/L] (q = 3.851, P < 0.05), and group B [(325.21 +/- 180.65) U/L] (q = 4.380, P < 0.01); the level of CK, CKMB and 5'NT in group C [948.94 +/- 403.43, 489.47 +/- 254.46 and (6.76 +/- 3.11) U/L respectively] was higher than those in group D [426.22 +/- 319.00, 213.33 +/- 144.54 and (3.22 +/- 1.20) U/L] (q = 4.696, 3.784, 3.812, P< 0.05); there was no significant difference in the level of AST, ALT, CHE, LDH, HBDH, AFU and ADA among the four groups (F = 1.852, 0.958, 2.470, 1.423, 1.178, 1.342, 0.611, P > 0.05)., Conclusions: The level of ALP, CK, CKMB but the ALP level decreases distinctly after the garlicin and 5'NT increases evidently in BALF of PCP infected rats, but the ALP level decreases distinctly after the garlicin treatment.

Objective: To explore the genetic model of cerebral infarction and to examine the relationship between cerebral infarction and genetic factor., Methods: A matched case-control study including 112 pairs pedigrees was carried out. Using the Li-Mantel-Gart method and the Falconer method to estimate the segregation ratio and the heritability of cerebral infarction., Results: The prevalence rate of the first-degree and the second-degree relatives in cases was significantly higher than that in controls. The segregation ratio was 0.143 7 (0.113 0 - 0.174 4), significantly lower than 0.25, which showed that cerebral infarction did not possess the characteristics of monogenetic model. The results showed that the heritability of the first-degree and the second-degree relatives were 47.84% and 40.95% higher in male's than in female's., Conclusion: Cerebral infarction was a polygenetic disease, and the genetic factors played an important role in the occurrence of cerebral infarction, especially in males.