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Yu Wang,1 Xue-Dong Wang,1 Ji-Wen Yao,1 Bei-Bei Shi,1 Qing-Xiang Gu,2 Jing Zhang,1 Xiao-Ting Cui,1 Yan Wang1 1Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hepingli Hospital, Beijing, 100013, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xue-Dong WangDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing Hepingli Hospital, No. 18 of Hepingli North Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100013, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 10 5804 3212Fax +86 10 6429 5714Email wangxd_fjit@163.comObjective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of the duration of cardiac troponin I (TnI) elevation on the prognosis and incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) in elderly patients with non-ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (NSTE-AMI).Methods: A total of 383 NSTE-AMI patients ≥ 75 years old were enrolled in this study and divided into two groups: in 194 cases, the duration of TnI elevation was ≥ 14 days (group 1), and in 189 cases, the duration of TnI elevation was < 14 days (group 2). The patients were followed up for 60 months. The effect of TnI on prognosis was studied by cohort. The primary endpoint was a composite endpoint of cardiovascular death, reinfarction, ischemic stroke, and hospitalization for heart failure, and the secondary endpoint was all-cause death. A case–control study design was adopted to analyze the influencing factors of NOAF occurrence in Group 1 and Group 2.Results: The median duration of follow-up was 26 months. Multivariate Cox’s regression analysis revealed that the duration of TnI elevation ≥ 14 days and diuretic use were independent variables of the major composite endpoint (p < 0.01 for both), and the left ventricular ejection fraction and the duration of TnI elevation ≥ 14 days were independent related variables of all-cause death (p < 0.05). The duration of TnI elevation ≥ 14 days was correlated with the occurrence of NOAF, but, in the multivariate logistic regression model, only uric acid and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were independently associated with NOAF (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The duration of TnI elevation ≥ 14 days was the independent correlation factor of the major composite endpoint and all-cause death; high sensitivity C-reactive protein and uric acid are independent risk factors for NOAF.Keywords: duration of TnI elevation, the elderly, non-ST-segment acute elevation acute myocardial infarction, prognosis, new-onset atrial fibrillation