Search

In order to solve the problem that the spray weight could not be adjusted and controlled according to the weight change of the tobacco sheet during the manufacturing process of heat-not-burn tobacco product in real time, a flavoring system was designed based on incremental PID algorithm. The flavoring system was composed of weighing unit, screw pumps, nozzles, and flow sensors. The weight of the tobacco sheet roll was obtained through the weighing unit in real time, then the spray weight was calculated according to the theoretical calculation model, and the screw pumps were driven to output target flow to the nozzles based on incremental PID algorithm, the real-time spray weight was got from the flow sensors, and at last tobacco flavor was sprayed on the tobacco sheet. The results showed that the spray weight could be adjusted and controlled according to the weight change of the tobacco sheet in real time, the maximum overshoot of the flavoring system was 1%, and the maximum adjustment time was 1.8 s, the system had good tracking performance. The deviation ratio of the spray weight was 0 23%~0. 52% between the detection value and the theoretical value, the variation of the spray weight within samples was 3.11%~4.17%. It showed that the flavoring system could realize accurate, uniform and stable application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem that the spray weight could not be adjusted and controlled according to the weight change of the tobacco sheet during the manufacturing process of heat-not-burn tobacco product in real time, a flavoring system was designed based on incremental PID algorithm. The flavoring system was composed of weighing unit, screw pumps, nozzles, and flow sensors. The weight of the tobacco sheet roll was obtained through the weighing unit in real time, then the spray weight was calculated according to the theoretical calculation model, and the screw pumps were driven to output target flow to the nozzles based on incremental PID algorithm, the real-time spray weight was got from the flow sensors, and at last tobacco flavor was sprayed on the tobacco sheet. The results showed that the spray weight could be adjusted and controlled according to the weight change of the tobacco sheet in real time, the maximum overshoot of the flavoring system was 1%, and the maximum adjustment time was 1.8 s, the system had good tracking performance. The deviation ratio of the spray weight was 0.23%~0.52% between the detection value and the theoretical value, the variation of the spray weight within samples was 3.11%~4.17%. It showed that the flavoring system could realize accurate, uniform and stable application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aronia melanocarpa fruit contains a variety of active ingredients, such as phenolic acids, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, etc. Relevant in vivo and in vitro studies have concluded that it has beneficial effects in terms of treating dyslipidemia, hypertension, glucose metabolism disorders, etc. This article discusses the nutritional value and food processing of Aronia melanocarpa and reviews the chemical components of Aronia melanocarpa and the pharmacological activities of related substances in order to summarize the chemical characteristics of the fruit and its development prospects. The process optimization of juice production, the impact of antioxidant capacity, and the comprehensive utilization of pomace in feed are discussed. This article provides a reference for future comprehensive application research and product development of Aronia melanocarpa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The grain boundary strengthening effect (GBSE) was investigated for nickel‐based superalloy bicrystals with various misorientations under different temperatures and loading directions. The results show that the GBSE is enhanced with the increase of misorientation and insensitive to the temperature and the loading direction relative to the GB also has a strong effect on the GBSE. On the other hand, the GBSE is often accompanied by GB cracking. The trend of grain boundary (GB) cracking is heightened with the increase of the misorientation and temperature, and the transformation of the loading direction from vertical to parallel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stomach cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide. Identification of novel molecular therapeutic targets and development of novel treatments are critical. Against a panel of gastric carcinoma cell lines, the activity of 2‐(4‐amino‐3‐methylphenyl)‐5‐fluorobenzothiazole (5F 203) was investigated. Adopting RT‐PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemical techniques, we sought to determine molecular pharmacodynamic (PD) markers of sensitivity and investigate arylhydrocarbon (AhR) receptor‐mediated signal transduction activation by 5F 203. Potent (IC50 ≤ 0.09 μmol/L), selective (>250‐fold) in vitro antitumour activity was observed in MKN‐45 and AGS carcinoma cells. Exposure of MKN‐45 cells to 5F 203 triggered cytosolic AhR translocation to nuclei, inducing CYP1A1 (>50‐fold) and CYP2W1 (~20‐fold) transcription and protein (CYP1A1 and CYP2W1) expression. G2/M arrest and γH2AX expression preceded apoptosis, evidenced by PARP cleavage. In vivo, significant (P <.01) 5F 203 efficacy was observed against MKN‐45 and AGS xenografts. In mice‐bearing 5F 203‐sensitive MKN‐45 and 5F 203‐insensitive BGC‐823 tumours in opposite flanks, CYP1A1, CYP2W1 and γH2AX protein in MKN‐45 tumours only following treatment of mice with 5F 203 (5 mg/kg) revealed PD biomarkers of sensitivity. 5F 203 evokes potent, selective antitumour activity in vitro and in vivo in human gastric cancer models. It triggers AhR signal transduction, CYP‐catalysed bioactivation to electrophilic species causing lethal DNA double‐strand breaks exclusively in sensitive cells. 5F 203 represents a novel therapeutic agent with a mechanism of action distinct from current clinical drugs, exploiting novel molecular targets pertinent to gastric tumourigenesis: AhR, CYP1A1 and CYP2W1. PD markers of 5F 203 sensitivity that could guide patient selection have been identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]