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Graft healing is a complex process affected by environmental factors, with temperature being one of the most important influencing factors. Here, oriental melon grafted onto pumpkin was used to study changes in graft union formation and sugar contents at the graft interface under night temperatures of 18 °C and 28 °C. Histological analysis suggested that callus formation occurred 3 days after grafting with a night temperature of 28 °C, which was one day earlier than with a night temperature of 18 °C. Vascular reconnection with a night temperature of 28 °C was established 2 days earlier than with a night temperature of 18 °C. Additionally, nine sugars were significantly enriched in the graft union, with the contents of sucrose, trehalose, raffinose, D–glucose, D–fructose, D–galactose, and inositol initially increasing but then decreasing. Furthermore, we also found that exogenous glucose and fructose application promotes vascular reconnection. However, exogenous sucrose application did not promote vascular reconnection. Taken together, our results reveal that elevated temperatures improve the process of graft union formation through increasing the contents of sugars. This study provides information to develop strategies for improving grafting efficiency under low temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetite tailings and municipal sludge is two different solid wastes. Large stockpiles of magnetite tailings and municipal sludge create serious environmental problems. In this study, a new method for preparing ceramsite from magnetite tailings and municipal sludge is proposed. The effects of factors including preheating temperature, preheating time, roasting temperature, roasting time, and municipal sludge dosage on the physical properties of ceramsite were investigated. The optimal conditions for ceramsite preparation were determined as follows: magnetite tailings:municipal sludge quality ratio of 85:15, preheating temperature of 325°C, preheating time of 40 min, roasting temperature of 1120°C, and roasting time of 6 min. Under these conditions, the ceramsite with an apparent density of 1.22 g/cm3, bulk density of 0.63 g/cm3, 1‐h water absorption of 3.58%, particle strength of 231 N, and cylinder pressure strength of 3.5 MPa was obtained; the resulting ceramsite met the standard requirements and was evaluated as having high quality. A toxic leaching test indicated that the ceramsite had a much lower concentration of heavy metals than the limits described by the USA Environmental Protection Agency, meeting the environmental quality standard requirements for surface water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The labor-efficient automation of grafting has been recognized as a key factor in the wider adoption of grafting. In growing cucurbits, the root pruned one-cotyledon grafting method is the most commonly used method with grafting machines. The cutting angle, which affects the matching of the rootstock and scion, is key to the survival of the graft seedling. In the production of cucurbit graft seedlings, the cutting parameters are established based on experience, leading to low grafting success. To determine accurate cutting parameters, the watermelon cv. 'Zaojia84-24′ was used as the scion and the pumpkin cv. 'Zhenzhuang' was used as rootstock, and two one-way experiments investigating the cutting angle of the watermelon scion and the rootstock as factors were conducted. The cutting angle of the rootstock and scion had no significant effect on the xylem reconnection rate or the grafting survival rate. A larger cutting angle for the rootstock and scion led to a delay in the reconnection of the phloem. Different cutting angles for the scion significantly affected the growth of the scion after grafting. Compared with a scion graft cutting angle of 10° (SL), graft cutting angles of 14° (SM) and 20° (SS) led to significantly greater scion dry weights, with increases of 16.00% and 18.61%, respectively. Different cutting angles of the rootstock significantly affected the growth of roots after grafting. Compared with a rootstock graft cutting angle of 10° (RL), graft cutting angles of 17° (RM) and 27° (RS) led to significantly greater root dry weights, with increases of 29.33% and 22.54%, respectively. The results of this study can provide a reference for the design of cutting mechanisms for cucurbit grafting robots, improving the cutting precision of grafting robots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem that the effect of using cyclic Wiener filter directly to remove the noise on the non-stationary vibration signal is poor, the paper applies discrete cosine transform to the cyclic Wiener filter, proposing the cyclic Wiener filtering algorithm in discrete cosine transform domain for the vibration signal. Using the energy concentration characteristic of discrete cosine transform and the linear phase characteristic of cyclic Wiener filtering, the paper adopts the method of combining both of them with segmented processing to give full play to the performance of the Wiener filter and achieves a better filtering effect with a lower filter order. Combining with industrial field turbine vibration signal, paper makes a simulation analysis for this algorithm. The result of simulation shows that the algorithm has a good noise filtering effect, and the filtered signal has no obvious phase distortion. So, the algorithm is suitable for removing noise on vibration signal and the filtering effect is better than just using cyclic Wiener filter or DCT filter only.