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Background: Ubiquitination is medicated by three classes of enzymes and has been proven to involve in multiple cancer biological processes. Moreover, dysregulation of ubiquitination has received a growing body of attention in osteosarcoma (OS) tumorigenesis and treatment. Therefore, our study aimed to identify a ubiquitin-related gene signature for predicting prognosis and immune landscape and constructing OS molecular subtypes.Methods: Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) was regarded as the training set through univariate Cox regression, Lasso Cox regression, and multivariate Cox regression. The GSE21257 and GSE39055 served as the validation set to verify the predictive value of the signature. CIBERSORT was performed to show immune infiltration and the immune microenvironment. The NMF algorithm was used to construct OS molecular subtypes.Results: In this study, we developed a ubiquitin-related gene signature including seven genes (UBE2L3, CORO6, DCAF8, DNAI1, FBXL5, UHRF2, and WDR53), and the gene signature had a good performance in predicting prognosis for OS patients (AUC values at 1/3/5 years were 0.957, 0.890, and 0.919). Multivariate Cox regression indicated that the risk score model and prognosis stage were also independent prognostic prediction factors. Moreover, analyses of immune cells and immune-related functions showed a significant difference in different risk score groups and the three clusters. The drug sensitivity suggested that IC50 of proteasome inhibitor (MG-132) showed a notable significance between the risk score groups (p < 0.05). Through the NMF algorithm, we obtained the three clusters, and cluster 3 showed better survival outcomes. The expression of ubiquitin-related genes (CORO6, UBE2L3, FBXL5, DNAI1, and DCAF8) showed an obvious significance in normal and osteosarcoma tissues.Conclusion: We developed a novel ubiquitin-related gene signature which showed better predictive prognostic ability for OS and provided additional information on chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The OS molecular subtypes would also give a useful guide for individualized therapy.

In this study, we identified eight survival-related metabolic genes in differentially expressed metabolic genes by univariate Cox regression analysis based on the therapeutically applicable research to generate effective treatments (n = 84) data set and genotype tissue expression data set (n = 396). We also constructed a six metabolic gene signature to predict the overall survival of osteosarcoma (OS) patients using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) Cox regression analysis. Our results show that the six metabolic gene signature showed good performance in predicting survival of OS patients and was also an independent prognostic factor. Stratified correlation analysis showed that the metabolic gene signature accurately predicted survival outcomes in high-risk and low-risk OS patients. The six metabolic gene signature was also verified to perform well in predicting survival of OS patients in an independent cohort (GSE21257). Then, using univariate Cox regression and Lasso Cox regression analyses, we identified an eight metabolism-related long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) signature that accurately predicts overall survival of OS patients. Gene set variation analysis showed that the apical surface and bile acid metabolism, epithelial mesenchymal transition, and P53 pathway were activated in the high-risk group based on the eight metabolism-related lncRNA signature. Furthermore, we constructed a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network and conducted immunization score analysis based on the eight metabolism-related lncRNA signature. These results showed that the six metabolic gene signature and eight metabolism-related lncRNA signature have good performance in predicting the survival outcomes of OS patients.

Gossypol is a yellow polyphenol naturally produced by Malvaceae plants such as cotton, which mainly exists in roots, stems, leaves, and seeds of cotton. Gossypol has animal toxicity, and long-term intake of gossypol will accumulate in livestock and cause poisoning, resulting in decreased fecundity, organ lesions, and even death of animals. The cotton output in Xinjiang is huge, accounting for more than 80% of the whole country. After cotton harvest, most of the waste cotton straws are directly crushed and returned to the field, resulting in great waste of resources. Cotton straw is rich in crude protein, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which is equivalent to common crop straw in nutritional components. However, its gossypol content exceeded the standard, which limited the application of cotton straw feed. How to achieve efficient and low-cost detoxification of gossypol has become the key factor to determining the fodder of cotton straw. The structure, properties, toxicity, detoxification technology, and detoxification mechanism of gossypol were summarized in this paper, which provided a reference for feed utilization of cotton straw. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Staphylococcus aureus is a major causative agent leading to bovine mastitis and has specific phonotypical characteristics including small colony, slow growth, and decreased hemolysis, therefore named as the small colony variants (SCVs). Out of 30 tested samples of the chronic S. aureus cases, one strain of SCVs (S. aureus SCV22) was isolated along with its parental strains (S. aureus11). S. aureus SCV22 showed a slow growth rate when it is compared with the parental strain. However, their resistant patterns were similar. Meanwhile, S. aureus SCV22 depicted the lower rate of apoptosis in bovine mammary epithelial cells. These findings of the present study presented the unique characteristics of S. aureus SCV22 for the first time in Yunnan province, which provided a prophase foundation for further study about the pathogenesis of S. aureus SCVs in chronic mastitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two isolates ( CVd- WHw and CVn- WHg) recovered from Verticillium-wilt-symptomatic cotton grown in Hubei Province of China were identified based on their morphology, growth characteristics in culture, specific amplification and identification of internal transcribed spacer ( ITS) r DNA sequence. According to the morphological characteristics, specific PCR amplification and ITS sequences, CVd- WHw was identified as V. dahliae and CVn- WHg as Gibellulopsis nigrescens. In bioassays, the two isolates had significantly lower pathogenicity to cotton plant than V. dahliae isolate CVd- AYb. Cotton pre-inoculated with isolate CVn- WHg or CVd- WHw exhibited reduced disease indices of Verticillium wilt compared with those inoculated with CVd- AYb alone. Cotton co-inoculated with CVn- WHg or CVd- WHw and CVd- AYb provided increased protection from subsequent CVd- AYb inoculation. These results suggest that the two isolates have the potential to be developed as biocontrol agents for the control of Verticillium wilt in cotton. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a cross-protection phenomenon using Gibellulopsis nigrescens against Verticillium wilt caused by V. dahliae on cotton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]