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NiO[sub x]H[sub y] films were prepared by DC magnetron sputtering in H[sub 2]/O[sub 2] atmosphere. NiO[sub x]H[sub y] coatings with transparency and high electrochromic efficiency were obtained by changing H2 content. A 60nm thick NiO[sub x]-H[sub y] film with transmittance of 0.57 (as-deposited state), 0.78 (bleached state) and 0.24 (coloured state) at wavelength of 550nm was deposited in an atmosphere of H[sub 2](60%) + O[sub 2](40%). Analysis of infrared spectra (6000∼2400cm[sup -l]) showed that the absorption peaks for bleached and colored states are associated with free 'OH' and OH stretching vibrations, respectively. XPS Ni2p core level spectra of colored NiO[sub x]H[sub y], film exhibited a peak at 856.2±0.2eV which is attributed to Ni[sup 3+]. Ni2p core level spectra of the bleached and as-deposited films exhibited two peaks at 856.4±0.2 and 854.6±0.2eV which are attributed to Ni[sup 3+] and Ni[sup 2+]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel photonic skin flexible sensor based on partially neutralized sodium polyacrylate is reported for the first time in this paper. • This photon skin flexible sensor has achieved relative humidity sensing for the first time. • The photonic skin flexible sensor has a relative humidity sensitivity of up to 0.1411 dB/%, with a fast response time of 170 ms. • The temperature response exhibits outstanding sensitivity (0.4 dB/°C) in the human skin surface temperature range (30 ∼ 48 °C). Biomimetic skin sensing devices play an important role in next-generation healthcare, robotics, and bioelectronics. In recent years, biomimetic skin-sensing technologies have gained significant attention due to their broad-ranging utility in the fields of healthcare and automation, and future wearable devices designed for health monitoring, robotic applications, and ultra-precise industrial positioning will necessitate the incorporation of flexible optical systems. A novel photonic skin flexible sensor (PSFS) based on partially neutralized sodium polyacrylate (PAS-50) is reported for the first time in this paper. In this study, a novel wearable sensor was designed for real-time detection of temperature and humidity. A single-mode tapered fiber (SMTF) structure based on the principle of evanescent wave is proposed for fast response and real-time monitoring of humidity and temperature. The sensor incorporates an optical micro/nanofiber (MNF) as the core sensing node, while a hydrophilic and ductile Sodium Polyacrylate (PAS) is chosen as the humidity-sensitive material that overcomes the limitation of commonly reported electrical, optical, and material-based flexible devices. Due to the strain amplification effect of the MNF, the sensitivity of the material to relative humidity (RH) is significantly improved, reaching 0.1411 dB/%. In addition, the temperature response exhibits outstanding sensitivity (0.4 dB/°C) in the human skin surface temperature range (30 ∼ 48 °C). Notably, the sensor exhibits a rapid response with a remarkable response time of 170 ms. The proposed PSFS presents novel opportunities for the advancement of future biomimetic skin devices, thus playing a pivotal role in the advancement of next-generation robotics and medical monitoring technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]