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Objective: To study the effect of emergency operation combined with somatostatin therapy on inflammatory state and liver function levels in patients with acute cholecystitis. Methods: A total of 146 acute cholecystitis patients who accepted laparoscopic cholecystectomy in our hospital from May 2012 to October 2015 were selected as the research subjects and divided into somatostatin group and normal control group. Then the operation, perioperative energy metabolism as well as postoperative inflammatory state and liver function levels of the two groups were analyzed. Results: Operative field exposure of somatostatin group was clearer, local tissue edema and exudation were lighter and conversion rate to laparotomy was lower; perioperative REE of somatostatin group were significantly lower than those of normal control group; the very day after operation, numeration of leukocyte, neutrophil ratio as well as serum resistin, hypersensitive C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels of somatostatin group were significantly lower than those of normal control group while prealbumin level was significantly higher than that of normal control group. Conclusions: Perioperative application of somatostatin can reduce the body's inflammatory response, local tissue edema and liver function injury. It is an ideal treatment for perioperative acute cholecystitis.

Objective: To explore the clinical effect of free flap transplantation in combined with bone transport in the treatment of tibial osteomyelitis bone defect. Methods: A total of 40 patients with tibial osteomyelitis bone defect who were admitted in our hospital from August, 2011 to August, 2015 were included in the study and divided into the experiment group and the control group according to different treatment protocols. The patients in the experiment group were given free flap transplantation in combined with bone transport, while the patients in the control group were given bone transport. The clinical efficacy in the two groups was observed and compared. Results: The effective rate in the experiment group (90.0%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (75.0%) (P

For real-time data management needs of multiple components, sets and workshops hydraulic experimental platforms, a new distributed system of real-time monitoring and data management based on LabVIEW was developed, by solving following key technologies: hydraulic data real-time monitoring and acquisition at remote distance, data management and reappearance, fault diagnosis expert system in test process. Through the experiment, monitoring in real-time and the operability of data management are confirmed.

The detonating control method of Void-identify is one of the main methods in penetration ammunition detonating control. But during the process of penetration, the accelerometer in penetration ammunition will receives many interference signal so that affects the accurate burst control. Aiming to the problems of void-identify and anti-jamming in penetration process, the paper proposes a method to identify void and eliminates double-void interference by using the high-g accelerometer and Timer, and through comparing the range and duration of G. The system can controls the burst point accurately by Matlab simulating.

Because of the abominable working environment caused by the strong defense capability of hard target, such as high speed, high overload, high pressure, high temperature, dust debris and so on, it is difficult to obtain reliably the testing data during penetration of ammunition. Aimed at this problem, a testing method is put forward, which can deliver penetrating data in real-time using a flexible connecting cable to ensure the smooth data transmission channel. And its key techniques, including unlatching and releasing technique, flexible connecting technique, data recording/transmitting technique, are analyzed. The study will provide a practical and effective testing means for experiments of the penetration ammunition.

The image data acquisition module mainly completes the collection of image data and transmits the collected data to the wireless transmission module. This paper mainly discusses the hardware components of the image acquisition module and software implementation. The collected image quality influences image processing, therefore the choice of image sensor is an important part of this system. This is a OV7670 image sensor. The master controller uses C8051F340 MCU. C8051F MC’s frequency has been greatly improved compared with ordinary 51 MCU, and has the advantages of simple structure, interface expansion capability, low prices and better performance.

Two different car traction control methods were studied and some dynamic characteristics were found. Firstly, a new electric rear driving car with two DC motors driving independently is controlled by a combined system. The combined system consists of a feed-forward control, a feedback control and a SRC. Secondly, a built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor is selected as its driving motor. A motor driving system with a current loop and a speed loop was developed. The current loop consists of maximum torque per ampere control and field weakening control. Some simulation work was done based on MATLAB/Simulink software. The simulation study showed the control system can make the electric vehicle work well.

For the unstructured extreme environment of coal mine underground accidents, this paper puts forward a multi section crawler search robots. Based on the analysis of the working environment of the robot, underground search robot of crawler - ground model is built , overall configuration of robot that can cross obstacles flexibly in the complicated unstructured environment is put forward, high mobility of walking mechanism and joint module are designed and simulate by simulation software MATLAB, which provides the basis for establishing systematic engineering prototype and completing engineering test result.

According to the basic principle of measuring the magnetic aspect angle for the rotating body using the zero crossings exported by the two magnetic sensors, a measuring system based on the fluxgate sensors is put forward in this paper. The resolved approaches about the circuit design are analyzed. Then, an experimental system is established, and the measuring experiments are carried out for the certain conditions. The experiment results indicate that the system has higher measuring precision, which can ideally meet the demand of measuring the magnetic aspect angle. The study could be applied to navigational aids, attitude correction, and determination of angular motion histories of rotating bodies, and so on.

According to an electrical vehicle (EV) construction and working principle, a dynamic model governing its motion was established. A built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor was selected as its driving motor and a mathematical model about the motor working principle was described also. To get good motion effect, a motor driving control system with a current loop and a speed loop was developed. The current loop consists of maximum torque per ampere control and field weakening control. The speed loop is based on a sliding mode control. To make the EV working more smooth, stable and safer, its traction control includes driving motor control and wheel braking control. During some acceleration or cornering, wheel braking control is introduced to keep driving wheels in good slip states, especially to make the car in a good stable and safe state. Simulation study based on MATLAB/Simulink showed the control strategy developed here can make the EV work well, even when it runs on some asymmetric road.

According to electrical vehicle (EV) working requirements, a built-in permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous motor is selected as the topic motor. A mathematical model about the motor is described here. To make the EV run smoothly, safely and economically, two control loops for the electric motor are developed. One is based on motor current control, which consists of maximum torque per ampere control and field weakening control. Other is motor speed control loop, in which a sliding mode control (called a variable speed exponential reaching law) is used. Through simulation study, the control scheme developed here can make the motor work well, which means it can be used in some EV driving systems.

Organic impurities in the fermentation broth of antibiotic production impose great difficulties in the crystallization and recovery of antibiotics from the concentrated waste liquor. In the present laboratory study, the inhibitory effect of biopolymers on antibiotic crystallization was investigated using oxytetracycline (OTC) as the model antibiotic. Organic impurities separated from actual OTC fermentation waste liquor by ultrafiltration were dosed into a pure OTC solution at various concentrations. The results demonstrated that small organic molecules with an apparent molecular weight (AMW) of below 10,000 Da did not affect OTC crystallization significantly. However, large biopolymers, especially polysaccharides, in the fermentation waste caused severe retardation of crystal growth and considerable deterioration in the purity of the OTC crystallized. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that OTC nuclei formed in the solution attached to the surfaces of large organic molecules, probably polysaccharides, instead of being surrounded by proteins as previously thought. It is proposed that the attachment of OTC nuclei to biopolymers would prevent OTC from rapid crystallization, resulting in a high OTC residue in the aqueous phase. In addition, the adsorption of OTC clusters onto biopolymers would destabilize the colloidal system of organic macromolecules and promote particle flocculation. OTC crystallization would therefore take place with the precipitation of abundant organic impurities. Hence, the removal of polysaccharides and other biopolymers by ultrafiltration can be an effective means of improving the recovery of OTC and similar antibiotics by crystallization from the fermentation waste.

A membrane system including reverse osmosis (RO) and ultrafiltration (UF) was proposed and evaluated for the treatment of an oxytetracycline (OTC) waste liquor. Using RO filtration with a volume reduction coefficient of 3.5, the organic content in its permeate was decreased from COD∼10 000 mg/l to less than 200 mg/l, while OTC was reduced from more than 1000 mg/l to lower than 80 mg/l. Oxytetracycline was concentrated more than 3 times to 3000–4000 mg/l in the retentate. Due to likely the high concentration of large biopolymers interacting with OTC molecules, OTC could not be successfully recovered from the RO retentate by conventional crystallization. With additional treatment of ultrafiltration by 3K membranes, OTC crystallization and recovery from the RO retentate were significantly improved with a recovery ratio of more than 60% and a purity of higher than 80%. Detailed studies indicated that most large biopolymers in the OTC liquor were polysaccharides that would either hinder the growth of OTC crystals or precipitate together with OTC molecules. Removal of these large biopolymers by ultrafiltration could improve the condition remarkably for OTC crystallization. Therefore, the RO-UF membrane process can be developed as an effective alternative for the treatment of antibiotic wastewater as well as the recovery of antibiotics from the waste liquor.

The relationship between inflammation and delirium remains to be determined. The purposes of this study were to investigate the association between serum interleukin-6 levels and the occurrence of delirium in elderly patients after major noncardiac surgery.A total of 338 elderly patients (60 years of age and over) undergoing major noncardiac surgery were enrolled. Blood samples were obtained before anesthesia and in the first postoperative morning and serum interleukin-6 concentrations were measured. Delirium was assessed twice daily by the confusion assessment method for the Intensive Care Unit during the first three postoperative days. Survival analyses were performed to assess the relationship between the serum IL-6 level and the occurrence of postoperative delirium.Postoperative delirium occurred in 14.8% (50 of 338) of patients. High serum interleukin-6 levelsafter surgery were significantly associated with increased risk of the occurrence of postoperative delirium (hazard ratio 1.514, 95% confidence interval 1.155-1.985, P = 0.003). Other independent predictors of delirium included increasing age, poor preoperative New York Heart Association classification, low preoperative Mini-Mental State Examination score, and high total postoperative Visual Analogue Scale pain score. Patients who developed delirium had a prolonged hospital stay after surgery.Delirium is a frequent complication in elderly patients after noncardiac surgery. High serum interleukin-6 level after surgery is associated with increased risk of the occurrence of postoperative delirium.

Studies on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) have attracted extensive attention and achieved significant progress. However, the diagnosis of POCD is not very satisfactory as no specific biomarkers have been classified. The aim of the present study was to evaluate differences in serum protein composition between POCD and Non-POCD patients, identify potential biomarkers associated with early POCD, and study the mechanism underlying POCD.Sixty-eight elderly patients (age ≥ 65 years) received isoflurane inhalation anesthesia for arthroplasty surgeries. One day before and seven days after the surgery, these patients were subjected to a neuropsychological test and venous blood sample collection. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction was determined using Z test scores. Based on the results, the patients were divided into POCD and non-POCD groups. Twenty-five randomly chosen blood samples obtained seven days after the surgery from each group were analyzed on a Bruker ultraFlex(TM) time of flight (TOF)/TOF mass spectrophotometer. The resulting peptide fingerprints were compared with those from the pre-surgery samples to identify differences in serum protein composition. The model designed to distinguish between a non-POCD group and a POCD group were established and validated. Three proteins with the most significant changes were selected for further characterization.Thirty-three cases were diagnosed as POCD. Using the Clinprotools software, 58 polypeptides were found to display differential expression (P0.05). Using a support vector algorithm method, seven differential peaks were isolated to establish a diagnostic model to distinguish POCD patients from normal individuals. The prediction rate and recognition rate were 96.89% and 100%, respectively. Validation of this model showed that the accuracy rates were 100% and 85% using samples from the POCD and non-POCD groups, respectively. Protein analysis also led to the identification of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) as a potential biomarker for POCD.Arthroplastic surgery under isoflurane inhalation anesthesia causes differential serum protein expression in elderly patients. These differentially expressed proteins may contribute to the diagnosis of early POCD, which may provide a basis for identifying the underlying mechanism of POCD development.

To observe the efficacy and safety of fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) with 0.2% ropivacaine in the early analgesia of children with development dislocation of the hip (DDH) undergoing Salter arthroplasty.Approved by the hospital ethics committee, a total of 64 DDH children were divided randomly into 2 groups: group F (FICB with ropivacaine 0.2%, 1 ml/kg, max. 30 ml) and group C (FICB with 0.9% normal saline 1 ml/kg, max. 30 ml). The intra-operative doses of fentanyl, PACU (post-anesthesia care unit), CRIES pain score at 1, 4 and 24 h postoperatively, patient satisfaction score and side effects were recorded.The intra-operative doses of fentanyl and PACU were lower. Pain scores at 1, 4 and 24 h postoperatively were lower. And the patient satisfaction score was significantly higher in the FICB group.The administration of ropivacaine (0.2%) for FICB in the early analgesia of DDH children has the advantages of safety, precision, long-lasting and convenience.

To compare the analgesic efficacy of continuous femoral nerve blockade (CFNB) and continuous intravenous analgesia (CIA) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).126 patients undergoing TKA under combined epidural-spinal anesthesia were randomized to receive either a femoral infusion of ropivacaine 0.2% (median infusion rate 5 ml/h) (n = 63) or an intravenous infusion of fentanyl 30 µg/kg (2 ml/h) (n = 63). Adjuvant analgesics were oral celebrex or IM pethidine. In the CFNB group, CFNB was established before combined epidural-spinal anesthesia and 20 ml 0.5%ropivacaine was infused through the catheter placed near femoral nerve. Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were assessed at rest and on passive mobilization by acute pain service blinded to analgesic treatment. Nausea and vomiting, dizziness, satisfaction and other side-effects were assessed postoperatively.There was significantly less VAS scores in the CFNB group comparing the CIA group at rest 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48 h after surgery (P0.01). A significant difference in VAS scores was found in CFNB group vs CIA group on passive mobilization 24, 36, 48 h after operation (P0.01). There was significantly less dizziness, nausea and vomiting in the CFNB group (P0.01). Patient satisfaction was higher in the CFNB group (92.1%) than the CIA group (20.6%) (P0.01).CFNA with ropivacaine 0.2% is more effective in controlling postoperative pain than CIA and CFNB is an effective regional component of a multimodal analgesic strategy after TKA.

The aim of this study was to determine the medium effective volume required to produce an effective retrograde infraclavicular block using an ultrasound (US)-guided technique.Thirty adults undergoing elective upper limb surgery received a US-guided retrograde infraclavicular block. The initial concentration of 0.5% ropivacaine injected was 30 ml, which was subsequently varied at a ratio of 1:1.2 for each consecutive patient according to the response of the previous patient. The medium effective volume (EV50) was determined using the Dixon and Massey up-and-down method. The effective volume in 95% of patients (EV95) was calculated using probit regression.The medium effective volume and calculated effective volume in 50% and 95% of patients were 23.6 ml (95% confidence interval, 21.3-26.2 ml) and 32.3 ml, respectively. No patient required a general anesthesia.The appropriate volume of 0.5% ropivacaine required for US-guided retrograde infraclavicular block was 30 ml in clinical practice.

To evaluate clinic pharmacodynamics of ropivacaine hydrochloride, a new long-acting amide type local anaesthetic, in Chinese patients undergoing neurolysis and tendolysis of forearm through axillary brachial plexus block.Two hundred ASAI-II persons, aged 18-65,weighing 60-75 kg, undergoing neurolysis and tendolysis of forearm under axillary brachial plexus block were randomly assigned to 4 equal groups to received ropivacaine of the doses of 1.00 mg/kg (Group I), 1.25 mg/kg (Group II), 1.50 mg/kg (Group III), and 2.00 mg/kg (Group IV). Each group was subdivided into 5 equal subgroups according to the concentrations (0.15%, 0.20%, 0.25%, 0.30%, and 0.35%). The effects were analyzed. Results There was no significant difference in starting time, consummating time, and persisting time of sensory and motor nerve block between Group I and Group II (all P0.05). The starting time and consummating time of Group III and Group IV were all significantly shorter than those of Group I (all P0.05), and the persisting times of Groups III and IV were all significantly longer than those of Group I (P0.05). 90 minutes after brachial plexus block the degrees of muscle strength Groups I and II were M1 and M2 respectively, hence, the sensory and motor nerves block was in dissociation. When motor never block was above M3 and M4 the interval of brachial plexus block was 55 min and 27 min in Group III and Group IV respectively.Sensory and motor never can be blocked perfectly when the dose of ropivacaine is between 1.5 mg/kg and 2.0 mg/kg and the concentration is between 0.30%-0.35%. When the doses of ropivacaine is 1.25 mg/kg and the concentration is 0.20%-0.25% the starting and consummating time are longer and persisting time is shorter. When the doses of ropivacaine is 1.00 mg/kg and the concentration is 0.15%-0.20% the starting and consummating time are longer and only satisfies external debridement and suture without tourniquets.

Corncob is an economic feedstock and more than 20 million tons of corncobs are produced annually in China. Abundant xylose can be potentially converted from the large amount of hemicellulosic materials in corncobs, which makes the crop residue an attractive alternative substrate for a value-added production of a variety of bioproducts. Lactic acid can be used as a precursor for poly-lactic acid production. Although current industrial lactic acid is produced by lactic acid bacteria using enriched medium, production by Rhizopus oryzae is preferred due to its exclusive formation of the L-isomer and a simple nutrition requirement by the fungus. Production of L-(+)-lactic acid by R. oryzae using xylose has been reported; however, its yield and conversion rate are poor compared with that of using glucose. In this study, we report an adapted R. oryzae strain HZS6 that significantly improved efficiency of substrate utilization and enhanced production of L-(+)-lactic acid from corncob hydrolysate. It increased L-(+)-lactic acid final concentration, yield, and volumetric productivity more than twofold compared with its parental strain. The optimized growth and fermentation conditions for Strain HZS6 were defined.

The effect of pretreatment, enzyme loading, substrate concentration and reaction time on enzymatic hydrolysis of corn cob residues from furfural production was studied, and was compared with dilute acid pretreated corn cob. The result shows that the corn cob residues from furfural production couldn't be used directly due to higher acidity and inhibitor such as furfural etc. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the corn cob residues could be enhanced by water of Ca(OH)2 pretreatment. The best condition of corn cob residues after washed is 20 FPU/g substrate, 1:9 (substrate: buffer). The concentration and productivity of reducing sugar was 35 g/L and 30% at 48 h, and the conversion of cellulose was 61%.