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It is a challenging issue to investigate the combined pollution of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban soils. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of these two pollutants in soils in Shenyang, Fushun, and Fushun New District, to analyze their distribution, and to assess their interaction and co-contamination levels. The concentrations of heavy metals were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), while the concentrations of 21 kinds of PAH were analyzed by GC-MS. Based on the analysis of pollution concentrations and distribution patterns, the intrinsic links between heavy metals and PAHs in three different cities were assessed using a variety of multivariate analysis methods. Compared to Shenfu New Distract, the concentration of pollutants in Shenyang and Fushun shows a higher level. Moreover, the results of RDA analysis of samples may quantify the possibility of combined pollution of different heavy metal elements and PAHs. This study also affirms the important role of multivariate analysis in being used to reveal the complex interactions and spatial distribution of different pollutants.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) has become one of the most common infectious diseases in China. Before 2016, the primary causal serotypes were enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16). Following the introduction of EV-A71 vaccines in China since 2016, the situation could change. CV-A6 has recently replaced EV-A71 and CV-A16 in some areas of China. However, the epidemiological characteristics of central China remain unknown.To investigate the clinical symptoms and pathogen spectrum of HFMD in Shiyan City, central China, in recent years.The epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data from HFMD cases reported to the Shiyan Center for Disease Control and Prevention between January 2016 and December 2020 were analyzed. 196 throat swab specimens were collected from hospitalized HFMD patients between January 2018 and December 2020. To detect and genotype enteroviruses, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the 5'-untranslated region were used. In Shiyan, 168 laboratory-confirmed HFMD cases were studied using a logistic regression model to determine the effect of predominant enterovirus serotypes. Based on the logistic regression model, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator model was used to analyze the correlation between CV-A6 infection and various clinical characteristics in HFMD patients in Shiyan.From 2016 to 2020, 35840 HFMD cases were reported in Shiyan. The number of cases decreased by 48.4% from 2016 to 2017. Approximately 1.58-fold increases were found in 2018 and 2019 when compared to the previous year, respectively. In 2020, a decrease of about 85.5% was reported when compared to 2019. The most common serotypes shifted from EV-A71 and CV-A16 (about 60%-80% in 2016 and 2018) to others (more than 80.0% in 2017, 2019, and 2020). EV-A71 lost its dominance in 2017 in Shiyan. Among 196 confirmed HFMD cases, 85.7% tested positive for enterovirus, with CV-A6 being the most common serotype (121/168, 72.0%). The positive rates for CV-A16 and CV-A10 were 4.8% and 3.0%, respectively. There was no EV-A71 discovered. Infection with CV-A6 was linked to fever, myocardial damage, increased creatine kinase MB isoenzyme, and lactate dehydrogenase levels.CV-A6 was the most common enterovirus serotype in Shiyan City, replacing EV-A71 and CV-A16 as the HFMD pathogen. Developing vaccines against CV-A6 or multiple pathogens, as well as rising CV-A6 surveillance, will help prevent HFMD in central China.

In this work, Cu-Ni nano-pillars array (CNPs) with controlled morphology and compositions was synthesized via electro-deposition method as 3D current collector. Si@CNPs electrode was then prepared by magnetic sputtering with Si film thickness of 200 nm and used as the carbon/binder free anode for lithium ion battery. The coulumbic efficiency of Si@CNPs anode was 98 %–99 % after 2 cycles. The discharge capacity of Si@CNPs anode reached to 1766.5 mA h . g−1 and the high capacity retention was 91.6 % after 60 cycles. Furthermore, the reversible capacity of Si@CNPs anode can still remain above 1090 mA h . g−1 at 2 C due to the improved diffusion rate of charge at the solid-liquid two phase interface and the collection efficiency of electrons in current collector, which was higher than that of 2D copper foil supported Si anode (Si@CF). Keywords: Lithium ion battery, Anode, 3D current collector, Nano-pillars array

In the power customer service field question answering system, knowledge map is one of the key technologies, which can significantly reduce the cost of customer service, promote the intelligent customer service, and provide customers with a good and convenient service experience. This paper studies the construction technology of building knowledge maps in the electric power field. First, we complete the construction of the technical terminology dictionary, and use it as the basic corpus of the knowledge maps. Then, build the necessary algorithm model by mining the entities and entity relationships from the power customer service data. Finally, finish the mass of the service knowledge base construction.

To study the vertical distribution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the soils from different land use types during urbanization, three land use types (urban land, cultivated land, and woodland) were selected in the eastern part of Shenyang, where urbanization is occurring rapidly. In each case, five soil samples were obtained from different depths (0-1 m). Change in the concentrations of PAHs, vertical migration factors, and the distribution and sources of PAHs were analyzed in the vertical soil profiles. Total concentrations of PAHs in the different soil type were ordered as follows:city 1 (513.19-12689.04 μg·kg

Zirconia fiber not only can be used for a long time in 1600°C, but also has low thermal conductivity at high temperature. Due to the excellent insulation performance, it has a broad application prospect in aerospace, aviation, energy and other areas. In the present study, we chose yttrium stabilized zirconia fibers and nanometer zirconia powder as main material and adding soluble starch, zirconium sol as low temperature and high temperature binder. Rigid zirconia fiber board was prepared by material slurry, filter shaping, stripping drying and high temperature calcination. After high temperature calcination of 1600°C for 12h, sample pore are mainly concentrated in 25-75μm, bending strength performance is best when the adding amount of nanometer zirconia powder was 7%, the thermal conductivity is only 0.132 W·m-1·K-1 at 1400°C.

A new kind of alumina fiber-based expandable insulation material was designed using expandable graphite, alumina fiber and aluminum phosphate adhesives, and fabricated through wet mixing, vacuum suction filter, pressure drying. This material had 100%-300% of volume expansion ratio under temperatures from 400 to 1000°C, well heat insulation performance and mechanical property after expansion. Due to the special expanding property of expandable graphite, the heating mode will seriously impact on the properties of material. In this paper, the influence of two different heating-up modes on the material properties had been studied. At slowly heating-up mode, the expansion ratio almost maintained at 115%, and the compression strength increased visibly comparing with fast heating-up. At one-side heating-up mode, the expansion ratio was lower than the all-side heating-up mode, which respectively were 164.9 % and 226.9% at 800°C, and the compression strength increased slightly because of the extension of heat treatment time.

With the increase of the speed of vehicle, the thermal protection system of its powerplant requires higher insulation materials. Phase change materials can absorb large amounts of heat in short time. So the introduction of phase change materials in thermal insulation materials can achieve efficient insulation in a limited space for a short time. In this paper, a new phase change thermal insulation material was prepared by pressure molding with microporous calcium silicate as matrix and Li2CO3 as phase change material. The morphology stability, exudation and heat insulation of the materials were tested. The results show that the porous structure of microporous calcium silicate has a good encapsulation when the phase transition of Li2CO3 is changed into liquid. And the material has no leakage during use. The thermal performance test also shows that the insulation performance of the material has obvious advantages in the short term application.

In this paper, the modified phenolic resin-based adhesive was prepared by dissolving different components. After low temperature curing, SiC samples were bonded by the binder. The samples were treated at different temperatures (400°C, 800°C, 1200°C, 1500°C) under an inert atmosphere. The bonding strength of samples was tested after heat treatment at room temperature. The results showed that the bonding strength of the B4C modified phenolic resin (PF) based adhesive is the highest. When the heat treatment temperature was above 1200°C, the bond strength increased with the additive amount of boron carbide at room temperature. The microstructures of the samples were observed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The effects of the modified filler and heat treatment temperature on the bonding strength of the phenolic resin based adhesive were investigated. The bonding strength of boron carbide-modified phenolic resin-based binder was tested under high temperature. It was found that the bond strength at high temperature was lower than that at room temperature, and the bond strength decreased with the increase of temperature.

Craniopharyngiomas are complex epithelial neoplasms of the sellar region and are divided by WHO into the adamantinomatous type (aCP) and the papillary type (pCP). It is considered that aCPs derive from neoplastic transformation of ectopic embryonic remnants of the craniopharyngeal duct and Rathke’s pouch, and these tumors share features with odontogenic tumors suggesting a common origin. The pathogenesis of pCPs is less understood, but these tumors may arise from metaplastic transformation of anterior pituitary epithelial cells, especially those located in the pars tuberalis. Thus, craniopharyngiomas do not belong to neuroepithelial tumors, and embryological study is important for elucidating the features of craniopharyngioma.

Shenfu New District, located between two old industrial cities, Shenyang and Fushun, is a typical area undergoing industrialization and urbanization in China. The sources and distributions of heavy metals were analyzed in groundwater by multivariate analysis and GIS, and the impact of urbanization on the aqueous distribution of these metals was investigated. The results indicated that the mean contents of zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in the wet periods were about two times of those in the dry period. Nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr) were considered to be associated with the same anthropogenic origins (i.e., wastewater from agricultural processing). The concentration of Zn was high under natural conditions, but was also affected by human activities (e.g., wastewater from foundry and instrument manufacturers). As, Cd, and Pb are likely derived from both anthropogenic and natural sources (agricultural and water-rock interactions). The spatial distributions of heavy metals in groundwater were region-specific, with the highest concentrations mostly along the Hun River. The heavy metal pollution index (HPI) values from the dry and wet periods showed similar trends at different sampling sites. Only one site’s HPI was above the critical value of 100. These results provide information that can be used to understand potential threats to the groundwater resources of other developing cities.

Objective: To observe the effects of pidotimod combined with ribavirin on inflammatory factors, T lymphocyte subsets, immunoglobulin, lactate, D-dimer and procalcitonin in children with hand-foot-mouth disease. Methods: A total of 108 children with foot-hand-and-mouth epidemic in our hospital from Jan. 2013-Dec. 2016 were divide into the observation group and the control group, each groups has 54 cases. Two groups of children were treated with isolation, the observation group was given pidotimod combined with ribavirin, and the control group was treated with ribavirin. 5 mL venous blood of two group patients were collected at admission and after 6 d treatment, respectively, to compare inflammatory factor, T lymphocyte subsets, immunoglobulin, lactate, D-dimer and procalcitonin in two groups. Results: Before treatment, the levels of inflammatory factor, T lymphocyte subsets, immunoglobulin, lactate, D-dimer and procalcitonin of two groups were not statistically significant. Compared with groups after treatment, the levels of CRP, IL-6, TNF-α were lower than that before treatment, CRP (2.23±0.37) mg/L, IL-6 (21.24±9.81) pg/mL and TNF-α (56.97±50.36) pg/mL levels in observation group after treatment were significantly lower than those in control group, the difference was statistically significant. After treatment, the levels of CD3, CD4, CD4/CD8, IgG, IgA and IgM in control group were significantly higher than that before treatment, the difference was statistically significant; After treatment, the levels of CD3 (51.26±10.27)%, CD4 (36.36±4.09)% and CD4/CD8 (1.60±0.47), IgG (10.24±1.82) mg/L, IgA (1.30±0.31) mg/ L and IgM (1.48±0.30) mg/L in observation group were significantly higher than in control group, the difference was statistically significant. After treatment, the levels of lactate, D-dimer and procalcitonin in two groups were significantly lower than that before treatment, the difference was statistically significant; After treatment, the levels of lactate (1.19±0.20) mmol/ L, D-dimer (150.23±27.21) ng/mL, and procalcitonin (0.08±0.02) ng/mL in observation group were significantly higher than in control group, the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Pidotimod combined with ribavirin has a pronounced effect on children with hand-foot-mouth disease, which can effectively reduce the body's inflammatory response, enhance immune function, improve clinical biochemical indicators, and should be widely recommended for clinical use.

This study examines the technical efficiency (TE) differences among typical cropping systems of smallholder farmers in the purple-soiled hilly region of southwestern China. Household-, plot-, and crop- level data and community surveys were conducted to explore TE levels and determinants of typical cropping systems by using a translog stochastic frontier production function. Results indicate significant difference in TE and its determinants among cropping systems. The mean TEs of the rice cropping system (R), the rice-rape cropping system (RR), the rice-rape-potato cropping system (RRP), and the oil cropping system (O) are 0.86, 0.90, 0.84, and 0.85, respectively, which are over 1.17 times higher than those of the maize-sweet potato-other crop cropping system (MSO) and the maize-sweet potato-wheat cropping system (MSW) at 0.78 and 0.69, respectively. Moreover, Technical inefficiency (TIE) of different cropping systems is significantly affected by characteristics of the household as well as plot. However, the impact of land quality, mechanical cultivation conditions, crop structure, farming system, farm radius, household type, cultivated land area per capita, and annual household income per capital on TIE vary by cropping system. Additionally, output elasticity of land, labor, and capital, as a group, is greater than the one of agricultural machinery and irrigation. Finally, when household-owned effective agricultural labor is at full farming capacity, optimal plot sizes for the R, RR, RRP, MSO, MSW, and O cropping systems are 1.12 hm2, 0.35 hm2, 0.25 hm2, 2.82 hm2, 1.87 hm2, and 1.17 hm2, respectively.

Acute phase reactants (APRs) are secretory proteins exhibiting large expression changes in response to proinflammatory cytokines. Here we show that the expression pattern of a major human APR, that is C-reactive protein (CRP), is casually determined by DNMT3A and TET2-tuned promoter methylation status. CRP features a CpG-poor promoter with its CpG motifs located in binding sites of STAT3, C/EBP-β and NF-κB. These motifs are highly methylated at the resting state, but undergo STAT3- and NF-κB-dependent demethylation upon cytokine stimulation, leading to markedly enhanced recruitment of C/EBP-β that boosts CRP expression. Withdrawal of cytokines, by contrast, results in a rapid recovery of promoter methylation and termination of CRP induction. Further analysis suggests that reversible methylation also regulates the expression of highly inducible genes carrying CpG-poor promoters with APRs as representatives. Therefore, these CpG-poor promoters may evolve CpG-containing TF binding sites to harness dynamic methylation for prompt and reversible responses.

To protect the safety of water used by the residents in Shen-Fu New City, which is undergoing the process of urbanization, 49 groundwater samples were collected along the Hunhe River Basin and 16 US EPA priority control polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed. The occurrence, distribution characteristics, sources, and potential health risk of drinking the groundwater were also assessed in this study. The results show that PAHs were detected in all samples. The concentration of PAHs ranges from 4.38 to 2005.02 ng·L

In this paper, fumed nano-silica as the main raw material, nano-silica insulation materials were prepared by the dry processing. Research on humidity-reinforcement of nano-Silica insulation materials has been carried out and analyzed. When hygroscopicity of samples reach to 23%, the compressive strength 1.65MPa is at twice the one without high humidity-reinforcement, while the thermal conductivities are almost the same. Then, the action mechanism of high humidity-reinforcement method was analyzed. In humidity-reinforcement method, as vapor enters, silica sol is formed in the gap between one aggregate particle and another, and various condensation polymerization occurred in the drying process, which lead to aggregates connection and compressive strength improvement.

An expandable thermal insulation material was prepared which can expand the volume at high temperature. The paper is aimed to study the effect of the particle size of expandable graphite for this material, through comparing properties including expansion rate, compression strength and heat conductivity coefficient. The material with 200 mesh has the lowest expansion rate, but compression strength is the maximum 0.901MPa at 800°C while the lowest heat conductivity coefficients 0.118W/m·k at 1100°C which has a 25% reduction in the 50 mesh.

Ceramic materials of (La0.5Sm0.5)2(Zr0.7Ce0.3)2O7 composition powder was synthesized by chemical coprecipitation method using Sm2O3, La2O3, Ce (NO3)3·6H2O and ZrOCl2·8H2O powders as raw materials. Microstructure and phases of (La0.5Sm0.5)2(Zr0.7Ce0.3)2O7 (LSZCO) powder was examined by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The specific surface area of powders were determined by BET specific surface area test. The structure of LSZCO powder remained in pyrochlore with the increase of temperature more than 1200 °C. According to the impact on the specific surface area of LSZCO powder, the factors of the process is ordered in descending sequence as follows: pH value, dispersant content, concentration of reactants, the reaction temperature.

In this paper, high temperature multilayer thermal insulations were to investigate in thermal protection systems for hypersonic vehicles. The thermal response and thermal property of the multilayer insulations were simulated and analyzed by using Ansys software. The calculation results were analyzed and the effects of parameters such as layer thermal conductivity, layer thickness, layer density, and numbers of layer are clarified. Thermal property of multilayer insulations was optimized. The results are helpful to the optimum design of the multilayer insulation system.

Modified phenolic resin-based adhesive is used as the high temperature binder, which is prepared by adding different additives, zirconium diboride, boron carbide as modified fillers, and H3PO4, AlPO4 as curing agents. The influence of additives for phenolic resin-based adhesive on bond property of SiC ceramic was studied after heat treatment at 400 oC , 800 oC , 1200 oC , 1600 oC. The results show that the improvement of adhesion property for curing agents is not obvious. B4C modified phenolic resin-based adhesive exhibits better adhesion performance than ZrB2 modified phenolic resin-based adhesive. Bonding property of B4C modified phenolic resin-based adhesive is best at 1200 oC , and the adhesive strength is reduced above 1200 oC along with rising of the heat treatment temperature. Because of the formation of shrinkage micro-defects of phenolic resin, bond strength exists a sharp decline after 1200 oC heat treatment.

Recretohalophytes with specialized salt-secreting structures (salt glands) can secrete excess salts from plant, while discriminating between Na(+) and K(+). K(+)/Na(+) ratio plays an important role in plant salt tolerance, but the distribution and role of K(+) in the salt gland cells is poorly understood. In this article, the in situ subcellular localization of K and Na in the salt gland of the recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor Kuntze is described. Samples were prepared by high-pressure freezing (HPF), freeze substitution (FS) and analyzed using NanoSIMS. The salt gland of L. bicolor consists of sixteen cells. Higher signal strength of Na(+) was located in the apoplast of salt gland cells. Compared with control, 200 mM NaCl treatment led to higher signal strength of K(+) and Na(+) in both cytoplasm and nucleus of salt gland cells although K(+)/Na(+) ratio in both cytoplasm and nucleus were slightly reduced by NaCl. Moreover, the rate of Na(+) secretion per salt gland of L. bicolor treated with 200 mM NaCl was five times that of controls. These results suggest that K(+) accumulation both in the cytoplasm and nucleus of salt gland cells under salinity may play an important role in salt secretion, although the exact mechanism is unknown.

Three-dimensional graphene provides a promising approach to developing high-energy-density electrodes. Compared with two-dimensional (2D) graphene, three-dimensional (3D) graphene has a three-dimensional conductive network, which greatly improves the ability of lithium ions and electron to transport and can tolerate the changes of structural and volume in the cycling process. In this paper, 3D graphene with controllable defects is prepared by using an innovative low-pressure closed chemical vapor deposition method, through using nickel foam as the template and polymethyl methacrylate as a solid carbon source. The effects of the amount of carbon source addition, reaction time and hydrogen content on the morphology and structure of graphene foam are analyzed. The experimental results indicate that the amount of carbon source added, the reaction time, and the hydrogen content have significant effects on the morphology and structure of graphene. The defect density and the number of layers of as-prepared graphene are directly proportional to the amount of carbon source added. There is a threshold for the reaction time. After reaching a certain reaction time, graphene with good structure and morphology can be formed. The optimal reaction time is about 20 min. The hydrogen content promotes the high-temperature pyrolysis of solid carbon source. The sample has a highest defect density at 0.5 kPa hydrogen content. In summary, the low-pressure closed CVD method has strong safety and can synthesize 3D graphene with excellent controllable structure and defects. The 3D graphene foam with a complete structure of 2–5 layers can be prepared under the conditions of 1000 ℃, 500 μL carbon source addition, 20 min reaction time and 0.5 kPa hydrogen content, displaying the best physical chemistry performance. The graphene foam prepared in this experiment has the characteristics of convenient and controllable defect density, light weight and stable chemical properties. When ZnO/GF electrode prepared with 3D GF as a conductive frame and active carrier is used as an anode, the lithium ion battery has a high specific capacity of 851.5 mA·h·g–1 after 200 cycles, which exhibites high reversible capacity and good cycling performance. Although ZnO/GF electrode displays excellent lithium storage performance, the GF prepared based on the 3D Ni foam has a low spatial structure density and the surface loading of the ZnO/GF composite electrode is still low, resulting in a low energy density. Therefore, the following researchers should focus on the structural design of 3D graphene host/current collector to obtain a 3D graphene frame with high conductivity and high loading capacity.

The concentration level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) in topsoil from Shenfu New City in urbanization was studied. 54 topsoil samples were collected from Shenfu New City and 4 different land uses (urban land, rural land, forest land, cultivated land) were included. The concentration of PAHs in different land uses was analyzed, the sources of soil PAHs were analyzed by using diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis, and the ecological risks were calculated using toxic equivalency concentrations of BaP and the incremental lifetime cancer risk(ILCR)model. Results indicated that the concentrations of ∑PAHs in urban land, cultivated land, rural land and forest land were in the range of 184-18276, 230-14102, 151-3205, 303-2980 μg·kg

To study the effects of urbanization on concentration, sources, and health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 95 topsoil samples were collected from Liaoning Province. For this assessment, 21 PAHs were analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and discussed. The results show the total concentrations of the 21 PAHs in background, Shen-Fu, Shen-Yang, and Fu-Shun were 1496.76 μg·kg

By investigating the uptake of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and five heavy metals from soils to maize at the farmlands with industrial wastewater irrigation, this study revealed the effects of heavy metals on PAHs uptake in terms of co-contamination. The results of 15 investigated soils showed medium contamination level and the vertical PAHs distribution in soils indicated that 2–3 rings PAHs with low octanol-water partition coefficient (log Kow ow less than 4.5, while negatively correlated otherwise. Redundancy analysis indicated the unexpected results that, except for soil PAHs concentration, the PAHs translocation by maize was reduced by Pb uptake, but not significantly affected by soil organic matters, pH or the other four heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn). This study for the first time provides the restricted factors of PAHs and heavy metal acropetal translocation by maize when they co-exist at wastewater irrigation sites.

Soil and plant samples were collected from Tongliao, China, during the maize growth cycle between May and October 2010. Heavy metals, such as Cr, Pb, Ni, and Zn, were analyzed. The concentrations of Cr, Pb, Ni, and Zn in the wastewater-irrigated area were higher than those in the topsoil from the groundwater-irrigated area. The concentrations of metals in the maize increased as follows: Pb < Ni < Zn < Cr. In addition, Cr, Pb, and Ni mainly accumulated in the maize roots, and Zn mainly accumulated in the maize fruit. The results of translocation factors (TF) and bioconcentration factors (BCF) of maize for heavy metals revealed that maize is an excluder plant and a potential accumulator plant and can serve as an ideal slope remediation plant. In addition, the increasing heavy metal contents in soils that have been polluted by wastewater irrigation must result in the accumulation of Cr, Pb, Ni, and Zn in maize. Thus, the pollution level can be decreased by harvesting and disposing of and recovering the plant material.

A novel coordination polymer {[Mn2(L)4/3(H2O)3]⋅2H2O}n (1), was synthesized by the hydrothermal reaction of 4,4′-[(5-carboxy-1,3-phenylene)bis(oxy)]dibenzoic acid (H3L) with manganese(II) chloride tetrahydrate (MnCl2⋅4H2O) in an aqueous solution. The single X-ray diffraction indicated that the coordination polymer 1 had a three-dimensional (3D) framework. A trinuclear Mn unit is utilized as a building block connected via oxygen atoms of carboxylate group to form a two-dimensional layer structure. The interlayers connected by the ligands result in a 3D architecture. The coordination polymer 1 was characterized by the infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis and powder XRD. According to magnetic susceptibility measurements the coordination polymer 1 can be characterized with the antiferromagnetic coupling interaction of J = −3.21 cm−1. Furthermore, the thermogravimetric analysis revealed good thermal stability for the coordination polymer 1.

Preparation of two-dimensional (2D) graphene-like materials is currently an emerging field in materials science since the discovery of single-atom-thick graphene prepared by mechanical cleavage. In this work, we proposed a new method to prepare 2D NiS, where reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was found to induce the recrystallization of NiS from nanorods to nanosheets in a hydrothermal process. The process and mechanism of recrystallization have been clarified by various characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The characterization of ex situ NiS/rGO products by SEM and EDS mapping indicates that the recrystallization of NiS from nanorods to nanosheets is realized actually through an exfoliation process, while the characterization of in situ NiS/rGO products by SEM, TEM, and EDS mapping reveals the exfoliation process. The XPS result demonstrates that hydrothermally assisted chemical bonding occurs between NiS and rGO, which induces the exfoliation of NiS nanorods into nanosheets. The obtained NiS/rGO composite shows promising Na-storage properties.

Tris (hydroxymethyl) ethane (PG) as a phase change material, micro-porous xonotlite (CS) as matrix, PG/CS composite PCMs were prepared by melt-soaking method, and the effect of micro-porous structure of xonotlite on heat absorption capacity, bending strength and insulation performance of composites, and the exudation of PG was studied. Otherwise, for the work environment and characteristics of propulsive device of vehicle, this paper explored the feasibility that phase change materials (PCMs) worked as the insulation material in short-time insulation system of the vehicle. Experimental results show that, when the most probable pore diameters of xonotlite was not less than 63nm, the composites presented better and almost same absorption capacities of matrix (CS) to PCM (PG) in different composites; when up to 85nm, the composite exhibited the lowest leakage rate (less than 5%), the optimal mechanical property and thermal insulation performance. This Study proposed a new idea for the design of the insulation material in the thermal protection system of propulsive device of vehicle.

Aluminum silicate/SiO2 sol composites are prepared by aluminum silicate fiber mats impregnated with different amount of silica sol. The effect of different impregnation process on impregnation amount of composites are compared, Thermal insulation performance and compression strength of composites are tested in this paper. The results show that: Samples prepared by vacuum impregnation process can get its highest impregnant amount, compressive strength of composites could achieve 241KPa.Thermal insulation performance of composites would be a liitle worse than aluminum silicate fiber products

Two sweet sorghum varieties (salt tolerant Jitianza 2 and salt sensitive Lvneng 1) were used to investigate their adaptation to NaCl stress under different cultivation conditions of potted cultivation and field cultivation, and selective transport capacity for K+ over Na+, and Ca2+ over Na+ of leaf sheath. NaCl stress decreased Pn, Fv/Fm, fresh weight of leaf sheath and leaf blade, field yield in both varieties. NaCl stress induced Na+ accumulation while it decreased K+ and Ca2+ levels in leaf sheath and leaf blade of both varieties. The increase in Na+ of leaf blade and the decrease in K+ and Ca2+ of leaf blade were greater in Lvneng 1 than those in Jitianza 2. Furthermore, the Na+, K+ contents in leaf sheath of Jitianza 2 were significantly higher than those of Lvneng 1 under NaCl stress. The selective transport capacity for K+ over Na+, and Ca2+ over Na+ of leaf sheath in Jitianza 2 was significantly greater than that in Lvneng 1. Pn, Fv/Fm, stem stalk field, ear field, juice yield, stalk Brix, sugar content of Jitianza 2 were significantly higher than those of Lvneng 1, which was correlated with stronger selective transport capacity for K+ over Na+, Ca2+ over Na+ of Leaf Sheath of Jitianza 2.

In this work, we succeeded in synthesis of spinel LiMn2O4 via a facile self-template method. The product displays a micro-/nanohybrid structure. Nanoparticles/plates act as the primary nanoblocks to build the secondary microarchitecture. There is the open space between the nanoblocks and the void space between the secondary structures. Electrochemical tests demonstrate that the as-synthesized sample exhibits superior rate capability and high-rate cycleability when contrasted with its solid counterpart. The initial discharge capacity is 126 mAh/g at 0.1 C, 110 mAh/g at 10 C, and 84 mAh/g at 20 C. The discharge capacity retention of about 80% is obtained after 800 cycles at 10 C. The high capacity and excellent cycling life of the material shows its potential for application as high-power batteries. The improved rate capability and cycleability can be attributed to its secondary structure that can facilitate fast Li-insertion/extraction and buffer the volume expansion/contraction upon cycling.

In this study, Al2O3 fiber composite papers with a certain strength and flexibility were prepared by pressure filtration. Microstructure and pore size of the composite papers with different density were investigated and thermal conductivities were measured by plane table thermo-conductivity meter at 600°C to 1200°C. Then the relationship between density ρ and thermal conductivity λ was studied, and the optimum density of Al2O3 fiber composite papers at different temperature was determined.

Nano-porous SiO2 insulation material was made from foamed aqueous slurry of nano-silica powder by filter-pressing. The foamed aqueous slurry mainly consists of hydrophobic SiO2 nano-particles, xonotlite whiskers and glass fiber. The latter two will enhance strength of the insulation material. Rheological properties of the foamed slurry with varying solid mass concentration were studied. The effect of forming pressure on the density and pore size distribution of the nano-porous silica material was investigated. It was found that the foamed slurry with solid concentration less than 17% behaves pseudoplastic as decreasing its apparent viscosity with increasing of shear rate during rheological testing. Homogeneous foamed slurry can be obtained when solid concentration in it is below 7%. Such slurry should be dewatered into solid concentration being of 10-15% before filter-pressing. Rigorously stirring of the concentrated slurry is required before pouring it into a mould, which leads to reducing the viscosity of the slurry and helps uniformly filling mould. During pressing the loading speed should be strictly controlled in order to reaching designed pore size distribution in SiO2 insulation material. The SiO2 insulation material with apparent density about 0.45g/cm3 and pore size mainly ranging from 10 to 50nm was obtained.

Zirconia fibers have recently become a research hotspot for their superior physical and chemical properties. In this paper, zirconia slurry was prepared by inorganic salt solution added with zirconia powders, the effect of content of PVA, PEG and zirconia powder solid content of the slurry on properties of slurry was studied. Research shows that: the content of PEG as a dispersing agent was 5wt.%, The dispersibility of zirconia powder and stability of slurry got the best, but slurry viscosity was correspondingly higher. Solid content of zirconia powder had an important impact on the rheological properties of slurry, when zirconia solid content was less than 30%, the slurry showed as a pseudoplastic fluid, whereas the zirconia solid content of slurry became 40% and 50% it exhibited plastic fluid characteristics. Solid content of slurry was 50wt.%, the stability of slurry got the best.

In this paper, the composite phase change materials for insulation were prepared by melt-soaking method. Trimethylolethane (PG) was chosen to be the phase change material (PCM) and two kinds of porous materials as the supporting matrices separately. The effects of both matrices to PG were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the heat insulation properties of composites were evaluated by Plat heat insulation test device. At last, microstructures of composites were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and their effects to composites were discussed.

CuO/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by impregnation with different CuO loadings. The dispersion of CuO supported on γ-Al2O3 support was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and temperature programmed reduction (TPR). The dispersion threshold of CuO in γ-Al2O3 determined by X-ray quantitative analysis was 0.275 g/g, i.e., 0.275CuAl. Highly dispersed CuO or crystalline CuO would appear on the γ-Al2O3 support when CuO loading was below or more than its dispersion threshold. TPR experiments show that reduction peak temperature ranges of 0.1CuAl and pure CuO are 420–690 °C and 290–380 °C, respectively. 0.1CuAl is not easily reduced due to interaction between CuO and γ-Al2O3. 0.5CuAl shows a two-step reduction range during 210–300 °C and 410–730 °C, which confirms the existence of highly dispersed CuO and crystalline CuO. The sulfation experiments show the optimal CuO loading amount is far below its dispersion threshold, and copper oxide supported on γ-Al2O3 is in the form of submonolayer.

An optical tunable filter with variable bandwidth has been demonstrated using two cholesteric liquid crystals. The incident light was first reflected by the first cholesteric liquid crystal and then by the second one. By rotating the two cholesteric liquid crystals simultaneously, the central wavelength can be tuned. By fixing one of the cholesteric liquid crystals and rotating the other one, the bandwidth of the tunable filter can be varied. The central wavelength of the tunable optical filter can be tuned from 513.4 nm to 576.8 nm and the bandwidth is varied from 10 nm to 80 nm. This property will allow it to be widely used in many fields, including optical communications and multispectral and hyperspectral imaging systems.

Porous SiO2 insulation material was made by wet process. Fibrous xonotlite crystal and glass fiber were used as reinforced fibers, and graphite, zirconia and titania powders were added as infrared scattering materials into the porous SiO2 insulation material. The density of the SiO2 insulation material was about 0.3g/cm3. The porosity was about 85%, and the pore size was mainly ranged from 20 to 60 nm in diameter. Heat transfer due to solid conduction and gas convection was reduced greatly because of the existence of larger amount of nano pores. Thermal radiation was partly blocked by the infrared scattering powders. Thermal conductivity of the porous SiO2 insulation material added with graphite powder as infrared scattering powder can reach as low as 0.04W/m.K at 700°C. The type and amount of added infrared scattering powders had important influence on the thermal performances of insulation materials.

Genetic alteration and inflammation underlie the development of cancer [1]. C-reactive protein (CRP) is the most widely used nonspecific marker of inflammation [2], whose serum level has been shown to be associated with the risk and prognosis of several types of cancer [3]. Accumulating evidence supports a role of CRP as a pattern recognition receptor in the innate immunity and inflammation [4]; however, its exact function remains to be defined because mouse is not an appropriate animal model for CRP [5]. Moreover, as a prototypical acute phase reactant, the 2-3-order fluctuation in the serum level of CRP has raised the concern that this molecule is not likely a fine modulator of inflammation [2]. These make it difficult to dissect the contribution of CRP in diseases featured by chronic inflammation, including atherosclerosis [2] and cancer [3]. What makes things even more complicated is the fact that large-scale genetic epidemiologic studies do not support a causal association of CRP with these diseases [6, 7]. Therefore, it remains elusive whether CRP is a passive marker or plays a direct role in tumorigenesis.