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Th1/Th2 peripheral blood balance and CD200 expression in patients with severe alopecia areata (SAA) in the active stage were investigated. Fifty patients with active SAA, 50 patients with stable SAA and 50 healthy controls were continuously selected and expression of Th1/Th2 of peripheral T lymphocytes, and peripheral B lymphocytes was detected by flow cytometry; RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of the PBMC CD200 mRNA and the expression of CD200 in hair follicles of alopecia area was detected by immunohistochemically staining; ELISA was used to detect expression levels of serum LFN-γ and serum interleukin (IL)-10. The expression of CD200 in patients with alopecia areata in active phase on CD3+ T lymphocytes and CD19+ B lymphocytes was significantly lower (P

A simple valid in situ relative intensity calibration technique for soft x‐ray film is described. This is based on film exposure measurements of the uniform line‐shaped distributed soft x‐ray monochromatic irradiation transmitted through a step‐wedge absorption filter. Fitting the calibration data with Henke’s semiempirical equation for thick‐emulsion film, the characteristic curves for Shanghai 5F soft x‐ray film without supercoat (SIOM‐5FW) have been obtained in the wavelength region from 50 to 80 A.

To research the chemical constituents from Daphne tangutica.Column chromatography with silica gel, ODS-C18, Sephadex LH-20 and re-crystallization were employed to isolate and purify the constituents. According to physical and chemical properties and spectral data to identify the structure of compounds.Eight compounds were isolated and identified as palmitic acid (1), laurostearic acid(2), beta-sitosterol(3), 7-methoxy-8-hydroxycumarin(4), daphnetin(5), genkwanin(6), hydroxygenkwanin(7), p-hydroxybenzoic acid(8).Compounds 1,2,7 and 8 are isolated from Daphne tangutica for the first time.

The spatial distribution of the spectral linewidth of lithiumlike silicon ions in the 5f‐3d transition line at 88.84 A is presented in this letter, and it shows that Stark broadening is the dominant line‐broadening mechanism for lithiumlike Si11+ ions on recombination x‐ray lasers. Spatial distribution of the electron density of the x‐ray lasing gain medium is calculated using the linear Stark theory, which shows that the electron density is ∼1019/cm3 in the gain region. A large linewidth at the gain peak (i.e., at 450 μm from the target surface) is 0.21 A and the corresponding electron density and population inversion are 2.9×1019/cm3 and 5.5×1016/cm3, respectively.

A space‐resolved soft x‐ray (SXR) transmission grating spectrometer and a SXR streak camera are used to investigate the evolution of spectrally discriminated spatial uniformity of line‐shaped plasmas produced by uniform laser illumination in line focus. It is found that the spatial nonuniformity of SXR emissions and ion turbulence occur during optical laser’s heating. Various instabilities can be excited due to the long scale length in line‐shaped plasmas to produce the phenomenon.

The effect of laser illumination conditions on the uniformity of the linear laser plasmas produced is investigated with time-integrated and time-resolved soft x-ray diagnostics. Evident nonuniformities along the line focus resulting from nonuniform laser intensity distributions have been observed with a conventional simple line-focusing technique. Specifically, the nonuniformity of higher charge-state ions is more remarkable than that of lower ones. A uniform linear plasma can be obtained with a new line-focusing technique that produces uniform laser illumination. Nonuniformities under uniform laser illumination are found to occur primarily in the laser heating period. Further development of time-matched and spatial uniform line-focused laser illumination will produce more uniform linear plasmas.

Laser-produced plasmas emit intense X radiation primarily at sub-KeV Photon energies. Spectra in the sub-KeV region were measured with a pinhole transmission grating and grazing incidence spectrographs respectively. The transmission grating spectrometer with two pinholes of 25 μm and 50 μm in diameter is consisted of free-standing gold bars (1000 Lines/mm, bar thickness 0.45 pm). The wavelength resolution achieved in the spectrometer was 10Å. The grazing incidence spectrograph is composed of a toroidal mirror and a concave grating. It is designed to cover the spectral range of 10~450 Å in the first difraction order. The angles of incidence on both mirror and grating are 87~87.5° in order to maintain good efficiency down to 20 Å. The spectrograph of 998.8 mm radius and 2400 grooves/mm, the brazing angle being 2°.