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Developing ambient air and light stable perovskites could lead to significant advances in photocatalysis. Here, we report the chemical stability of CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) perovskites upon O2 exposure in the presence of light using first-principles calculations.

To observe the effect of Fu's subcutaneous needling therapy on pain degree, quality of life, serum 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in patients with intercostal pain after surgery for osteoporotic thoracic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) and explore the application value of Fu's subcutaneous needling in treatment of post-operative intercostal pain.A total of 60 patients with intercostal pain after OVCF surgery were divided into a medication group and a Fu's subcutaneous needling therapy group, with 30 cases in each group. In the medication group, zoledronic acid injection, salmon calcitonin injection, calcitonin D tablets and mecobalamin tablets were prescribed. The duration of treatment was 8 weeks. In the Fu's subcutaneous needling therapy group, on the base of treatment as the medicine group, Fu's subcutaneous needling therapy was provided for 2 weeks，once every other day. The needle is inserted 6 cm away from the most painful point. Separately, in 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, as well as in 16 weeks after treatment, the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the generic quality of life inventory-74 (GQOLI-74) were adopted to evaluate intercostal pain and quality of life in the patients of both groups and analyze the incidence of adverse reaction. Radioimmunoassay was used to measure the levels of serum 5-HT and NPY.Compared with the results before treatment, in 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment as well as in 16 weeks after treatment, VAS scores of both groups were all reduced (Fu's subcutaneous needling therapy can relieve intercostal pain and improves the quality of life in the patients after surgery for OVCF.

In this paper, an analysis is made to the network/firepower integrated combat mode based on the development trend of future combat equipment and existing combat cases. Then, the system dynamics model of network/firepower integrated strike is established based on the mechanism of network reconnaissance/attack and firepower attack. The Attrition-Rate Coefficients model of network/firepower combat is established by studying the effectiveness evaluation method of network attack and firepower attack. The Lanchester model of network/firepower integrated confrontation covering normal nodes, infected nodes and all infected nodes is established. In order to study the dynamic, uncertain network counter process, a type of the vibration network attack is introduced to Lanchester equation and its effectiveness in network attack process is discussed by means of the simulation results.

The content and speciation of heavy metals can fundamentally affect the hydrolysis of sludge. This research study investigates the migration and transformation rule of heavy metals during the hydrolysis process by measuring the content of exchangeables (F1), bound to carbonates (F2), bound to Fe-Mn oxides (F3), bound to organic matter (F4), and residuals (F5) under different periods of time undergoing hydrolysis. The results show that the hydrolysis process generally stabilized Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni, Pb, Cr, and As by transforming the unstable states into structurally stable states. Such transformations and stabilization were primarily caused by the changes in local metal ion environment and bonding structure, oxidation of sulfides, pyrolyzation of organic matter, and evaporation of resulting volatile materials. An X-ray diffractometry (XRD) of the residuals conducted after hydrolysis indicated that hydrolysis did have a significant influence on the transportation and transformation of heavy metals.

Following a world trend of education reform, China has launched a campaign of innovation and entrepreneurship education. To illustrate the effects of the campaign on science education, this article describes and analyzes the changes in educational ideology and practice, involving a wide range of funding and policy supporting, curriculum complement, teaching ability building, entrepreneurship supervision improvement, etc. Findings show that these tasks and measures surely not only bring about many opportunities and/or challenges to higher education institutions on their way of international and domestic competitions, but also for science education in particular. The conclusion is that an innovative campaign is changing the fabric of Chinese science education.

Excess fluoride intake could induce apoptosis in the cells. As an essential micronutrient and cytoprotectant, zinc is involved in many types of apoptosis. Here, we studied the effects of zinc and ZIP1 on fluoride-induced apoptosis in mouse MC3T3-E1 cells and examined the underlying molecular mechanisms. Our study found that fluoride not only inhibited cell proliferation and increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also induced cell apoptosis. Whereas pretreatment with zinc significantly attenuated fluoride-induced ROS production and partly protected cells against fluoride-induced apoptosis through MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Our study also found that fluoride upregulated the expression of ZIP1 in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, overexpression of ZIP1 also inhibited fluoride-induced apoptosis by activation of PI3K/Akt pathway. This cytoprotective effect of zinc and ZIP1 may be new factors that affect the physiological activity of fluoride and need study further.

A natural color fusion method for infrared and low-light-level image is proposed. This method utilizes image fusion and color transfer. The fused image uses sparse representation to merge the source images information to be assigned to the Y channel. And then the I and Q channel is combined using Toets method, which extracts the common component from the source images. Finally, the false-color image is obtained by using color transfer technology to the prior pseudo-color YIQ image. Experiments show that the result of our method is information that is more salient, has a higher color contrast, and a more natural color appearance when compared with those produced by the traditional coloration algorithm.

A series of magnetically separable photocatalyst TiO2/NiFe2O4(TN) with different mass ratios of NiFe2O4 to TiO2 was prepared by sol-gel method. The X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV-Vis), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) surface analysis and photoluminescence spectroscopy(PL) were used to characterize the photocatalyst TN. The XRD patterns of TN indicate that adulterating a smidgen of NiFe2O4 into TiO2(about 0.1%, mass ratio) can promote the phase transformation of TiO2, however, when the doped amount of NiFe2O4 surpasses 1%, the introduction of NiFe2O4 can inhibit the growth of TiO2 crystal grain and reduce the size of TiO2 crystal grain. The XPS results of TN indicate that some Fe3+ replace Ti4+ of the TiO2 lattice forming Fe-O-Ti bonds. The PL analysis of TN shows that the NiFe2O4 nanoparticles in photocatalyst TN play the role of the effective recombination centre of the photogenerated electrons and holes, leading to the decrease in photocatalytic activity.

A visible-light-active N-TiO2photocatalyst was prepared by a simple method: TiN nanoparticles were calcined in the O2/N2atmosphere. The prepared N-TiO2shows high photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methyl orange in water under visible light irradiation. The photodegradation results indicate that the prepared photocatalysts have the best photocatalytic activity when TiN was calcined at 650 °C for 15 min in the O2/N2atmosphere with 1:15 (volume) of O2/N2.

Aiming at the shortcoming that the calculation of the gray relational coefficient is influenced by the number of schemes and distinguishing coefficient, which causes inconsistency of the evaluation results in the traditional gray relational degree, an effectiveness evaluation method is proposed, which is based on the combination of the improved grey relational degree and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). It uses Delphi method and AHP to establish the scientific and reasonable index system of complex systems; the combination weighting method that AHP combined with entropy method is used to determine the weights, weights can meet the subjective and objective view of demand, which makes the effectiveness evaluation results more reasonable; the compositor results are not affected by the number of schemes and distinguishing coefficient, which overcomes the shortcoming of the traditional grey relational degree. The model of the improved effectiveness evaluation method is established, and the concrete steps of the improved method are given. Three methods were used to analyze the example, the results show that the improved method is reasonable and feasible.

One step synthesis reduced graphene oxide and cobalt oxides nanocomposites (Co3O4/RGO) in ethylene glycol as heterogeneous catalyst. The Co3O4/RGO was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). And Co3O4/RGO exhibits an unexpected, surprisingly high catalytic activity in degradation of Orange II in water by advanced oxidation processes based on sulfate radicals and 100% decomposition could be achieved in 16 min.

A heterogeneous catalytic system, which was based on sulfate radicals activated by supported cobalt oxide (Co3O4), was employed to degrade Orange II. Four kinds of inorganic ions including H2PO4-、HCO3-、NO3-、Cl- were introduced into the reaction. The effect of inorganic ions on the degradation rate of Orange II was systematically studied and assessed.

The TiO2/NiFe2O4 (TN) composite nanoparticles with different mass ratios of NiFe2O4 to TiO2 were prepared via sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction was used to characterize the phase structure of TN. The results indicated that adulterating a smidgen of NiFe2O4 into the TiO2 (about 0.1%) can promote the phase transformation of TiO2, however, when the doping amount of NiFe2O4 surpasses 1%, the introduction of NiFe2O4 can inhibit the growth of TiO2 crystal grain and reduce the size of TiO2 crystal grain. The degradation experiment of methyl orange solution under UV illumination (253.7 nm) showed that the content of NiFe2O4 in the TN was higher, the photocatalytic activity of TN was worse, and the 0.1% TiO2/NiFe2O4 calcined at 400 °C presented the best photocatalytic activity.

An erbium ion doped Bi12TiO20 was prepared by a simple method. XRD and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) were used to characterize the prepared photocatalysts. The results indicated that the erbium ion dopant had no influence on the phase of Bi12TiO20 and can extend its visible light adsorption spectra. Photocatalytic activities of the prepared samples were evaluated using methyl orange as a model organic compound. The results showed that doping with 0.5 mol% Er3+ can significantly improve the photocatalytic performance of Bi12TiO20.

A new method to improve the adsorption ability of expanded graphite (EG) was introduced in this paper. EG was modified by nano magnesium hydroxide. Modified expanded graphite (MEG) was characterized by SEM, XRD and FTIR. Then, the removal rate of Pb (Ⅱ) rose to 99% from 60.51% on MEG, and the removal rate of Cr (Ⅵ) could reach at 23.9% from 12.36%.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2), polythiophene and polythiophene/TiO2 were prepared by sol–gel and solid-state reaction methods. Water-free iron(III) chloride (FeCl3) was used as an oxidant. The phase composition, morphology and the spectral properties of the products were characterized by XRD, TEM, UV–Vis and FT-IR techniques. The photocatalytic activity of the products was evaluated by the degradation of methyl orange under sunlight irradiation. TEM results showed that the polythiophene/TiO2 composite particles were well dispersed, rod-like shaped with 20 × 80 nm dimensions. UV–Vis analysis indicated that the absorption edge of polythiophene/TiO2 was 605 nm. Compared with the unmodified TiO2 and bare polythiophene, polythiophene/TiO2 exhibited largely enhanced activity for the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange under sunlight irradiation. A degradation efficiency of methyl orange of 85.6% could be obtained within 120 min. The sensitization mechanism of polythiophene for the TiO2 photocatalyst is discussed briefly.

Percutaneous stabilization using three-dimensional (3D) navigation system is a promising treatment for pelvic and acetabular fractures. However, there are still some controversies regarding the use of 3D navigation to treat pelvic and acetabular fractures. The purpose of this study was to compare the Iso-C(3D) fluoroscopic navigation, standard fluoroscopy, and two-dimensional (2D) fluoroscopic navigation in placing percutaneous lag screws in pelvic specimens to better understand the merits of 3D navigation techniques.Fifty-four instrumentation procedures were performed in this study using six cadaveric pelvic specimens. Three groups were designated for different procedures and tests: group I, standard fluoroscopy; group II, 2D fluoroscopic navigation; and group III, Iso-C(3D) fluoroscopic navigation. Nine screws were placed in each pelvis, including four screws placed bilaterally through the ilium into S1 and S2 vertebrae, four screws placed bilaterally through anterior and posterior columns of acetabulum, and one screw placed through the pubic symphysis. 3D fluoroscopic techniques were evaluated to determine the accuracy of screw position, instrumentation time, and fluoroscopic time. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 13.0.The malposition rate was 38.89%, 22.22%, and 0% in standard fluoroscopy, 2D fluoroscopic navigation, and Iso-C(3D) fluoroscopic navigation groups, respectively. There was no significant difference between standard fluoroscopy and 2D fluoroscopic navigation. Compared with Iso-C(3D) fluoroscopic navigation, there were significant differences (analysis of variance [ANOVA], P0.05). The mean instrumentation operating time using Iso-C(3D) fluoroscopic navigation technique was 15.4 ± 4.5 min. There were significant differences compared with standard fluoroscopy (31.5 ± 6.2 min) and 2D fluoroscopic navigation (26.3 ± 7.5 min; ANOVA, post hoc Scheffe, P0.01). The mean fluoroscopic time of Iso-C(3D) fluoroscopic navigation was 66 ± 4.8 min. Compared with standard fluoroscopy (132.8 ± 7.3 min) and 2D fluoroscopic navigation (47.7 ± 5.6 min), there were significant differences (ANOVA, post hoc least significant difference, P0.01).In the present study, we compared Iso-C(3D) fluoroscopic navigation, 2D fluoroscopic navigation, and standard fluoroscopy. Iso-C(3D) fluoroscopic navigation showed a higher accuracy rate in positioning and a shorter instrumentation operating time. The fluoroscopic time was longer in Iso-C(3D) fluoroscopic navigation than that in standard fluoroscopy, indicating that radiation exposure can be moderately reduced in Iso-C(3D) fluoroscopic navigation operation, although the fluoroscopic time was the shortest in 2D fluoroscopic navigation.

Two types of operation means “SBBR reactor alone (Sreactor)” and “adding zeolite powder into SBBR reactor (Z-Sreactor)” were used to treat municipal wastewater. The test results showed that zeolite added in reactor could improve the activity of the activated sludge. Due to the combination of zeolite adsorption for NH4+-N enhanced simultaneous nitrification andde-nitrification (SND), a higher nitrogen removal was observed in Z-S reactor compared to the S reactor, and the addition of zeolite powder is helpful to inhabit sludge bulking. Inaddition, through long-term parallel shock load test, it was found that the zeolite added in reactor could enhance the ability of activated sludge inresisting the shock load of organics and ammonium.

A murine monoclonal antibody of the subclass IgG2b, designated MAb JSI, was produced utilizing standard hybridoma technology. Female BALB/c mice were immunized with a fetal antigen that had been partially purified from the spent serum-free culture media of a human melanoma cell line. Utilizing MAb JSI, the antigen was isolated from serum of melanoma patients by affinity chromatography utilizing an acid elution and studied following exposure to trypsin, protease, and heat in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The antigenic activity was destroyed following treatment with trypsin and protease as well as by exposure to heat (100 degrees C). By immunoperoxidase staining, MAb JSI reacted with melanoma, carcinoma, and sarcoma cell lines, but not with cell lines derived from normal skin or lungs. Affinity-isolated antigen was subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and stained with Coomassie blue. Under dissociating conditions, a band in the 31,000 to 42,700 Da range was identified that was shown to be reactive with MAb JSI in ELISA. The antigenic determinant defined by MAb JSI appears to be a protein, with expression on a number of malignant tissues.

Detection of antigen-specific circulating immune complexes (IC) in sera from cancer patients provides an approach for defining tumor antigens that induce a host immune response and could prove useful for purposes of immunoprognosis. In the present study, a sandwich ELISA was developed to detect antigen-specific IC in cancer patients, utilizing a murine monoclonal antibody designated MAb JSI. The MAb was produced by cell fusion using standard hybridoma technology following immunization with a partially purified fetal antigen that had been isolated from the spent culture medium of a melanoma cell line. The partially purified antigen appeared to be broadly expressed on melanomas, sarcomas, and carcinomas. The MAb was mass-produced in pristine-primed mice. MAb JSI reacted with the cultured melanoma cell M14 but not the autologous lymphoblastoid cell L14. Following purification by ammonium sulfate precipitation, the MAb was immobilized on polystyrene plates and utilized to capture antigen-specific immune complexes from sera of melanoma patients which were detected with anti-human globulins. The second antibody in the sandwich was shown to be endogenous human IgG. Antigen-specific immune complexes were present in melanoma patients but only infrequently in sera from normal individuals and patients with active autoimmune disease. Antigen-specific immune complexes detected in melanoma sera were isolated by affinity chromatography utilizing the MAb JSI. The assay described in this report is simple and reproducible, without plate effect (p = 0.97) or time effect (p = 0.34) and could provide a useful new approach to examine the role of antigen-specific circulating immune complex analysis in cancer patients.

To investigate the effect of operative treatment of scapular fractures through modified Judet approach.From January 1997 to October 2005, 21 patients (15 females, 6 males; mean age 34 years) of scapular fractures were treated by open reduction and internal fixation through the modified Judet approach. According to Hardegger classification system, there were 11 patients of scapular body fractures, 10 patients of scapular neck fractures, 8 patients of glenoid rim fractures, 7 patients of glenoid fossa fractures, 9 patients of scapular spine fractures, and 6 patients of scapular acromion fractures.Eighteen patients were followed up with an average of 21 months (range 6 months-4 years). According to Rowe scores system, 12 patients showed excellent, 3 showed good, 2 showed fair, and 1 showed poor.The modified Judet approaches have the advantages of wide exploration, safety, and easy fixation. It is a good choice to the operation for most types of scapular fractures through the modified Judet approach.

To improve the diagnosis and treatment of severe cerebral fat embolism (SCFE).The data of nine patients with SCFE were retrospectively analyzed. The manifestations of the central nerve system, respiratory system and hemorrhage were recorded, at the same time, accessory examination including arterial oxygen, fat macroglobules in venous blood and image examination was adapted. The patients were treated with exopexy, pharmocotherapy and oxygentherapy.Two of the nine patients died of severe complications, the other seven recovered without severe sequela.Gurd standard should be improved for early diagnosis of SCFE. If svere complications can be prevented, patients who receive early treatment will have favourable prognosis.

A magnetic photocatalyst TiO2/NiFe2O4 (TN) with typical ferromagnetic hysteresis was prepared by a sol-gel method, which is easy to be separated from a slurry-type photoreactor under the application of an external magnetic field, being one of promising photocatalysts for wastewater treatment. The analysis of XRD indicated that the highly dispersed NiFe2O4 nanoparticles prevented the formation of rutile phase to some extent. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to characterize the structure of the photocatalyst, indicating that the NiFe2O4 nanoparticles highly dispersed among TiO2 nanoparticles. The prepared photocatalyst showed high photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methyl orange in water. The degradation results revealed that the NiFe2O4 nanoparticles played the role of recombination centre of photogenerated electrons and holes for the TN photocatalyst, which gave rise to the decrease in photocatalytic activity. Moreover, the experiment on recycled use of TN demonstrated a good repeatability of the photocatalytic activity.

• We previously demonstrated that the antigen-specific immune complexes captured by the monoclonal antibody MAb JSI in a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were associated with recurrent melanoma. To determine the potential use of antigen-specific immune complex analysis in predicting the development of recurrent melanoma, we prospectively analyzed serum obtained from patients with melanoma following surgical treatment. Two hundred fifty-three patients have been followed up for a median of 25 months (range, 17 to 29 months). Seventy-seven patients (30%) have developed recurrent melanoma. Antigen-specific immune complexes correlated with the stage of disease at time of entry into the study. The absence of antigen-specific immune complexes in postoperative serum samples is predictive of a disease-free status. Long-term follow-up will define the false-positive rate of antigen-specific immune complex analysis. Continued refinement of this approach should lead to clinically useful methodology to monitor human melanoma. ( Arch Surg. 1991;126:1450-1454)

• To determine the potential utility of antigen-specific immune complex analysis, we developed a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay utilizing polyclonal human antibody to detect tumor-associated antigen-specific immune complexes. Sera from 10 normal volunteers and 19 patients with recurrent melanoma were studied. Patients with recurrent melanoma had a mean ± SD percent inhibition of 27.6% ± 29.8% in contrast to normal individuals with a mean value of 8.4% ± 17.8%. A monoclonal antibody (MAb JSI) was developed following immunization with a partially purified antigen. Utilizing MAb JSI, we developed a "sandwich" enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and studied sera from 45 normal volunteers and 44 patients with cancer with recurrent melanoma. Results were expressed as a percent maximum binding of a positive control. The mean ± SD percent maximum binding for normal subjects was 4.9% ± 7.7% in contrast to sera from patients with melanoma who had a mean of 38.3% ±33.3%. Serial analysis of four patients with melanoma with tumor-associated antigen-specific immune complexes demonstrated the presence of tumor-associated antigen-specific immune complexes up to 12 years prior to clinical recurrence. ( Arch Surg . 1990;125:187-191)

Background The purpose of the present study was to examine the expression levels of microRNA-9 (miR-9) in osteosarcoma tissues and normal bone tissues, and investigate the relationships between miR-9 expression, clinicopathological features and the prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma. Methods The expression levels of miR-9 in osteosarcoma tissues and corresponding non-cancerous tissues were detected using a real-time quantitative assay. Differences in patient survival were determined using the Kaplan–Meier method and a log-rank test. A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used for univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic values. Results Compared to non-cancerous bone tissues, the expression levels of miR-9 in osteosarcoma tissues were significantly elevated (P