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1. The Laser-hybrid Accelerator for Radiobiological Applications

Author

Aymar, G., Becker, T., Boogert, S., Borghesi, M., Bingham, R., Brenner, C., Burrows, P. N., Dascalu, T., Ettlinger, O. C., Gibson, S., Greenshaw, T., Gruber, S., Gujral, D., Hardiman, C., Hughes, J., Jones, W. G., Kirkby, K., Kurup, A., Lagrange, J-B., Long, K., Luk, W., Matheson, J., McKenna, P., Mclauchlan, R., Najmudin, Z., Lau, H. T., Parsons, J. L., Pasternak, J., Pozimski, J., Prise, K., Puchalska, M., Ratoff, P., Schettino, G., Shields, W., Smith, S., Thomason, J., Towe, S., Weightman, P., Whyte, C., and Xiao, R.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics, Physics - Biological Physics
Abstract

The `Laser-hybrid Accelerator for Radiobiological Applications', LhARA, is conceived as a novel, uniquely-flexible facility dedicated to the study of radiobiology. The technologies demonstrated in LhARA, which have wide application, will be developed to allow particle-beam therapy to be delivered in a completely new regime, combining a variety of ion species in a single treatment fraction and exploiting ultra-high dose rates. LhARA will be a hybrid accelerator system in which laser interactions drive the creation of a large flux of protons or light ions that are captured using a plasma (Gabor) lens and formed into a beam. The laser-driven source allows protons and ions to be captured at energies significantly above those that pertain in conventional facilities, thus evading the current space-charge limit on the instantaneous dose rate that can be delivered. The laser-hybrid approach, therefore, will allow the vast ``terra incognita'' of the radiobiology that determines the response of tissue to ionising radiation to be studied with protons and light ions using a wide variety of time structures, spectral distributions, and spatial configurations at instantaneous dose rates up to and significantly beyond the ultra-high dose-rate `FLASH' regime. It is proposed that LhARA be developed in two stages. In the first stage, a programme of in vitro radiobiology will be served with proton beams with energies between 10MeV and 15MeV. In stage two, the beam will be accelerated using a fixed-field accelerator (FFA). This will allow experiments to be carried out in vitro and in vivo with proton beam energies of up to 127MeV. In addition, ion beams with energies up to 33.4MeV per nucleon will be available for in vitro and in vivo experiments. This paper presents the conceptual design for LhARA and the R&D programme by which the LhARA consortium seeks to establish the facility., Comment: 36 pages, 11 figures, preprint submitted to Frontiers in Physics, Medical Physics and Imaging

Published
2020

2. Simulation of a radiobiology facility for the Centre for the Clinical Application of Particles

Author

Kurup, A., Pasternak, J., Taylor, R., Murgatroyd, L., Ettlinger, O., Shields, W., Nevay, L., Gruber, S., Pozimski, J., Lau, H. T., Long, K., Blackmore, V., Barber, G., Najmudin, Z., and Yarnold, J.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics, Physics - Medical Physics
Abstract

The Centre for the Clinical Application of Particles' Laser-hybrid Accelerator for Radiobiological Applications (LhARA) facility is being studied and requires simulation of novel accelerator components (such as the Gabor lens capture system), detector simulation and simulation of the ion beam interaction with cells. The first stage of LhARA will provide protons up to 15 MeV for in vitro studies. The second stage of LhARA will use a fixed-field accelerator to increase the energy of the particles to allow in vivo studies with protons and in vitro studies with heavier ions. BDSIM, a Geant4 based accelerator simulation tool, has been used to perform particle tracking simulations to verify the beam optics design done by BeamOptics and these show good agreement. Design parameters were defined based on an EPOCH simulation of the laser source and a series of mono-energetic input beams were generated from this by BDSIM. The tracking results show the large angular spread of the input beam (0.2 rad) can be transported with a transmission of almost 100% whilst keeping divergence at the end station very low (<0.1 mrad). The legacy of LhARA will be the demonstration of technologies that could drive a step-change in the provision of proton and light ion therapy (i.e. a laser source coupled to a Gabor lens capture and a fixed-field accelerator), and a system capable of delivering a comprehensive set of experimental data that can be used to enhance the clinical application of proton and light ion therapy.

Published
2019

4. The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) - 2018 Summary Report

Author

CLIC, The, collaborations, CLICdp, Charles, T. K., Giansiracusa, P. J., Lucas, T. G., Rassool, R. P., Volpi, M., Balazs, C., Afanaciev, K., Makarenko, V., Patapenka, A., Zhuk, I., Collette, C., Boland, M. J., Hoffman, A. C. Abusleme, Diaz, M. A., Garay, F., Chi, Y., He, X., Pei, G., Pei, S., Shu, G., Wang, X., Zhang, J., Zhao, F., Zhou, Z., Chen, H., Gao, Y., Huang, W., Kuang, Y. P., Li, B., Li, Y., Meng, X., Shao, J., Shi, J., Tang, C., Wang, P., Wu, X., Zha, H., Ma, L., Han, Y., Fang, W., Gu, Q., Huang, D., Huang, X., Tan, J., Wang, Z., Zhao, Z., Uggerhøj, U. I., Wistisen, T. N., Aabloo, A., Aare, R., Kuppart, K., Vigonski, S., Zadin, V., Aicheler, M., Baibuz, E., Brücken, E., Djurabekova, F., Eerola, P., Garcia, F., Haeggström, E., Huitu, K., Jansson, V., Kassamakov, I., Kimari, J., Kyritsakis, A., Lehti, S., Meriläinen, A., Montonen, R., Nordlund, K., Österberg, K., Saressalo, A., Väinölä, J., Veske, M., Farabolini, W., Mollard, A., Peauger, F., Plouin, J., Bambade, P., Chaikovska, I., Chehab, R., Delerue, N., Davier, M., Faus-Golfe, A., Irles, A., Kaabi, W., LeDiberder, F., Pöschl, R., Zerwas, D., Aimard, B., Balik, G., Blaising, J. -J., Brunetti, L., Chefdeville, M., Dominjon, A., Drancourt, C., Geoffroy, N., Jacquemier, J., Jeremie, A., Karyotakis, Y., Nappa, J. M., Serluca, M., Vilalte, S., Vouters, G., Bernhard, A., Bründermann, E., Casalbuoni, S., Hillenbrand, S., Gethmann, J., Grau, A., Huttel, E., Müller, A. -S., Peiffer, P., Perić, I., de Jauregui, D. Saez, Emberger, L., Graf, C., Simon, F., Szalay, M., van der Kolk, N., Brass, S., Kilian, W., Alexopoulos, T., Apostolopoulos, T., Gazis, E. N., Gazis, N., Kostopoulos, V., Kourkoulis, S., Heilig, B., Lichtenberger, J., Shrivastava, P., Dayyani, M. K., Ghasem, H., Hajari, S. S., Shaker, H., Ashkenazy, Y., Popov, I., Engelberg, E., Yashar, A., Abramowicz, H., Benhammou, Y., Borysov, O., Borysova, M., Levy, A., Levy, I., Alesini, D., Bellaveglia, M., Buonomo, B., Cardelli, A., Diomede, M., Ferrario, M., Gallo, A., Ghigo, A., Giribono, A., Piersanti, L., Stella, A., Vaccarezza, C., de Blas, J., Franceschini, R., D'Auria, G., Di Mitri, S., Abe, T., Aryshev, A., Fukuda, M., Furukawa, K., Hayano, H., Higashi, Y., Higo, T., Kubo, K., Kuroda, S., Matsumoto, S., Michizono, S., Naito, T., Okugi, T., Shidara, T., Tauchi, T., Terunuma, N., Urakawa, J., Yamamoto, A., Raboanary, R., Luiten, O. J., Stragier, X. F. D., Hart, R., van der Graaf, H., Eigen, G., Adli, E., Lindstrøm, C. A., Lillestøl, R., Malina, L., Pfingstner, J., Sjobak, K. N., Ahmad, A., Hoorani, H., Khan, W. A., Bugiel, S., Bugiel, R., Firlej, M., Fiutowski, T. A., Idzik, M., Moroń, J., Świentek, K. P., de Renstrom, P. Brückman, Krupa, B., Kucharczyk, M., Lesiak, T., Pawlik, B., Sopicki, P., Turbiarz, B., Wojtoń, T., Zawiejski, L. K., Kalinowski, J., Nowak, K., Żarnecki, A. F., Firu, E., Ghenescu, V., Neagu, A. T., Preda, T., Zgura, I. S., Aloev, A., Azaryan, N., Boyko, I., Budagov, J., Chizhov, M., Filippova, M., Glagolev, V., Gongadze, A., Grigoryan, S., Gudkov, D., Karjavine, V., Lyablin, M., Nefedov, Yu., Olyunin, A., Rymbekova, A., Samochkine, A., Sapronov, A., Shelkov, G., Shirkov, G., Soldatov, V., Solodko, E., Trubnikov, G., Tyapkin, I., Uzhinsky, V., Vorozhtov, A., Zhemchugov, A., Levichev, E., Mezentsev, N., Piminov, P., Shatilov, D., Vobly, P., Zolotarev, K., Jelisavčić, I. Božović, Kačarević, G., Dumbelović, G. Milutinović, Pandurović, M., Radulović, M., Stevanović, J., Vukasinović, N., Lee, D. -H., Ayala, N., Benedetti, G., Guenzel, T., Iriso, U., Marti, Z., Perez, F., Pont, M., Trenado, J., Ruiz-Jimeno, A., Vila, I., Calero, J., Dominguez, M., Garcia-Tabares, L., Gavela, D., Lopez, D., Toral, F., Gutierrez, C. Blanch, Boronat, M., Esperante, D., Fullana, E., Fuster, J., García, I., Gimeno, B., Lopez, P. Gomis, González, D., Perelló, M., Ros, E., Villarejo, M. A., Vnuchenko, A., Vos, M., Borgmann, Ch., Brenner, R., Ekelöf, T., Jacewicz, M., Olvegård, M., Ruber, R., Ziemann, V., Aguglia, D., Gonzalvo, J. Alabau, Leon, M. Alcaide, Tehrani, N. Alipour, Anastasopoulos, M., Andersson, A., Andrianala, F., Antoniou, F., Apyan, A., Arominski, D., Artoos, K., Assly, S., Atieh, S., Baccigalupi, C., Sune, R. Ballabriga, Caballero, D. Banon, Barnes, M. J., Garcia, J. Barranco, Bartalesi, A., Bauche, J., Bayar, C., Belver-Aguilar, C., Morell, A. Benot, Bernardini, M., Bett, D. R., Bettoni, S., Bettencourt, M., Bielawski, B., Garcia, O. Blanco, Kraljevic, N. Blaskovic, Bolzon, B., Bonnin, X. A., Bozzini, D., Branger, E., Brondolin, E., Brunner, O., Buckland, M., Bursali, H., Burkhardt, H., Caiazza, D., Calatroni, S., Campbell, M., Lasheras, N. Catalan, Cassany, B., Castro, E., Soares, R. H. Cavaleiro, Bastos, M. Cerqueira, Cherif, A., Chevallay, E., Cilento, V., Corsini, R., Costa, R., Cure, B., Curt, S., Gobbo, A. Dal, Dannheim, D., Daskalaki, E., Deacon, L., Degiovanni, A., De Michele, G., De Oliveira, L., Romano, V. Del Pozo, Delahaye, J. P., Delikaris, D., de Almeida, P. G. Dias, Dobers, T., Doebert, S., Doytchinov, I., Draper, M., Ramos, F. Duarte, Duquenne, M., Plaja, N. Egidos, Elsener, K., Esberg, J., Esposito, M., Evans, L., Fedosseev, V., Ferracin, P., Fiergolski, A., Foraz, K., Fowler, A., Friebel, F., Fuchs, J-F., Gaddi, A., Gamba, D., Fajardo, L. Garcia, Morales, H. Garcia, Garion, C., Gasior, M., Gatignon, L., Gayde, J-C., Gerbershagen, A., Gerwig, H., Giambelli, G., Gilardi, A., Goldblatt, A. N., Anton, S. Gonzalez, Grefe, C., Grudiev, A., Guerin, H., Guillot-Vignot, F. G., Gutt-Mostowy, M. L., Lutz, M. Hein, Hessler, C., Holma, J. K., Holzer, E. B., Hourican, M., Hynds, D., Ikarios, E., Levinsen, Y. Inntjore, Janssens, S., Jeff, A., Jensen, E., Jonker, M., Kamugasa, S. W., Kastriotou, M., Kemppinen, J. M. K., Khan, V., Kieffer, R. B., Klempt, W., Kokkinis, N., Kossyvakis, I., Kostka, Z., Korsback, A., Platia, E. Koukovini, Kovermann, J. W., Kozsar, C-I., Kremastiotis, I., Kröger, J., Kulis, S., Latina, A., Leaux, F., Lebrun, P., Lefevre, T., Leogrande, E., Linssen, L., Liu, X., Cudie, X. Llopart, Magnoni, S., Maidana, C., Maier, A. A., Durand, H. Mainaud, Mallows, S., Manosperti, E., Marelli, C., Lacoma, E. Marin, Marsh, S., Martin, R., Martini, I., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Mcmonagle, G., Mether, L. M., Meynier, C., Modena, M., Moilanen, A., Mondello, R., Cabral, P. B. Moniz, Irazabal, N. Mouriz, Munker, M., Muranaka, T., Nadenau, J., Navarro, J. G., Quirante, J. L. Navarro, Del Busto, E. Nebo, Nikiforou, N., Ninin, P., Nonis, M., Nisbet, D., Nuiry, F. X., Nürnberg, A., Ögren, J., Osborne, J., Ouniche, A. C., Pan, R., Papadopoulou, S., Papaphilippou, Y., Paraskaki, G., Pastushenko, A., Passarelli, A., Patecki, M., Pazdera, L., Pellegrini, D., Pepitone, K., Codina, E. Perez, Fontenla, A. Perez, Persson, T. H. B., Petrič, M., Pitman, S., Pitters, F., Pittet, S., Plassard, F., Popescu, D., Quast, T., Rajamak, R., Redford, S., Remandet, L., Renier, Y., Rey, S. F., Orozco, O. Rey, Riddone, G., Castro, E. Rodriguez, Roloff, P., Rossi, C., Rossi, F., Rude, V., Ruehl, I., Rumolo, G., Sailer, A., Sandomierski, J., Santin, E., Sanz, C., Bedolla, J. Sauza, Schnoor, U., Schmickler, H., Schulte, D., Senes, E., Serpico, C., Severino, G., Shipman, N., Sicking, E., Simoniello, R., Skowronski, P. K., Mompean, P. Sobrino, Soby, L., Sollander, P., Solodko, A., Sosin, M. P., Spannagel, S., Sroka, S., Stapnes, S., Sterbini, G., Stern, G., Ström, R., Stuart, M. J., Syratchev, I., Szypula, K., Tecker, F., Thonet, P. A., Thrane, P., Timeo, L., Tiirakari, M., Garcia, R. Tomas, Tomoiaga, C. I., Valerio, P., Vaňát, T., Vamvakas, A. L., Van Hoorne, J., Viazlo, O., Pinto, M. Vicente Barreto, Vitoratou, N., Vlachakis, V., Weber, M. A., Wegner, R., Wendt, M., Widorski, M., Williams, O. E., Williams, M., Woolley, B., Wuensch, W., Wulzer, A., Uythoven, J., Xydou, A., Yang, R., Zelios, A., Zhao, Y., Zisopoulos, P., Benoit, M., Sultan, D M S, Riva, F., Bopp, M., Braun, H. H., Craievich, P., Dehler, M., Garvey, T., Pedrozzi, M., Raguin, J. Y., Rivkin, L., Zennaro, R., Guillaume, S., Rothacher, M., Aksoy, A., Nergiz, Z., Yavas, Ö., Denizli, H., Keskin, U., Oyulmaz, K. Y., Senol, A., Ciftci, A. K., Baturin, V., Karpenko, O., Kholodov, R., Lebed, O., Lebedynskyi, S., Mordyk, S., Musienko, I., Profatilova, Ia., Storizhko, V., Bosley, R. R., Price, T., Watson, M. F., Watson, N. K., Winter, A. G., Goldstein, J., Green, S., Marshall, J. S., Thomson, M. A., Xu, B., You, T., Gillespie, W. A., Spannowsky, M., Beggan, C., Martin, V., Zhang, Y., Protopopescu, D., Robson, A., Apsimon, R. J., Bailey, I., Burt, G. C., Dexter, A. C., Edwards, A. V., Hill, V., Jamison, S., Millar, W. L., Papke, K., Casse, G., Vossebeld, J., Aumeyr, T., Bergamaschi, M., Bobb, L., Bosco, A., Boogert, S., Boorman, G., Cullinan, F., Gibson, S., Karataev, P., Kruchinin, K., Lekomtsev, K., Lyapin, A., Nevay, L., Shields, W., Snuverink, J., Towler, J., Yamakawa, E., Boisvert, V., West, S., Jones, R., Joshi, N., Bett, D., Bodenstein, R. M., Bromwich, T., Burrows, P. N., Christian, G. B., Gohil, C., Korysko, P., Paszkiewicz, J., Perry, C., Ramjiawan, R., Roberts, J., Coates, T., Salvatore, F., Bainbridge, A., Clarke, J. A., Krumpa, N., Shepherd, B. J. A., Walsh, D., Chekanov, S., Demarteau, M., Gai, W., Liu, W., Metcalfe, J., Power, J., Repond, J., Weerts, H., Xia, L., Zupan, J., Wells, J. D., Zhang, Z., Adolphsen, C., Barklow, T., Dolgashev, V., Franzi, M., Graf, N., Hewett, J., Kemp, M., Kononenko, O., Markiewicz, T., Moffeit, K., Neilson, J., Nosochkov, Y., Oriunno, M., Phinney, N., Rizzo, T., Tantawi, S., Wang, J., Weatherford, B., White, G., and Woodley, M.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a TeV-scale high-luminosity linear $e^+e^-$ collider under development at CERN. Following the CLIC conceptual design published in 2012, this report provides an overview of the CLIC project, its current status, and future developments. It presents the CLIC physics potential and reports on design, technology, and implementation aspects of the accelerator and the detector. CLIC is foreseen to be built and operated in stages, at centre-of-mass energies of 380 GeV, 1.5 TeV and 3 TeV, respectively. CLIC uses a two-beam acceleration scheme, in which 12 GHz accelerating structures are powered via a high-current drive beam. For the first stage, an alternative with X-band klystron powering is also considered. CLIC accelerator optimisation, technical developments and system tests have resulted in an increased energy efficiency (power around 170 MW) for the 380 GeV stage, together with a reduced cost estimate at the level of 6 billion CHF. The detector concept has been refined using improved software tools. Significant progress has been made on detector technology developments for the tracking and calorimetry systems. A wide range of CLIC physics studies has been conducted, both through full detector simulations and parametric studies, together providing a broad overview of the CLIC physics potential. Each of the three energy stages adds cornerstones of the full CLIC physics programme, such as Higgs width and couplings, top-quark properties, Higgs self-coupling, direct searches, and many precision electroweak measurements. The interpretation of the combined results gives crucial and accurate insight into new physics, largely complementary to LHC and HL-LHC. The construction of the first CLIC energy stage could start by 2026. First beams would be available by 2035, marking the beginning of a broad CLIC physics programme spanning 25-30 years., Comment: 112 pages, 59 figures; published as CERN Yellow Report Monograph Vol. 2/2018; corresponding editors: Philip N. Burrows, Nuria Catalan Lasheras, Lucie Linssen, Marko Petri\v{c}, Aidan Robson, Daniel Schulte, Eva Sicking, Steinar Stapnes

Published
2018
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6. Updated baseline for a staged Compact Linear Collider

Author

CLIC, The, collaborations, CLICdp, Boland, M. J., Felzmann, U., Giansiracusa, P. J., Lucas, T. G., Rassool, R. P., Balazs, C., Charles, T. K., Afanaciev, K., Emeliantchik, I., Ignatenko, A., Makarenko, V., Shumeiko, N., Patapenka, A., Zhuk, I., Hoffman, A. C. Abusleme, Gutierrez, M. A. Diaz, Gonzalez, M. Vogel, Chi, Y., He, X., Pei, G., Pei, S., Shu, G., Wang, X., Zhang, J., Zhao, F., Zhou, Z., Chen, H., Gao, Y., Huang, W., Kuang, Y. P., Li, B., Li, Y., Shao, J., Shi, J., Tang, C., Wu, X., Ma, L., Han, Y., Fang, W., Gu, Q., Huang, D., Huang, X., Tan, J., Wang, Z., Zhao, Z., Laštovička, T., Uggerhoj, U., Wistisen, T. N., Aabloo, A., Eimre, K., Kuppart, K., Vigonski, S., Zadin, V., Aicheler, M., Baibuz, E., Brücken, E., Djurabekova, F., Eerola, P., Garcia, F., Haeggström, E., Huitu, K., Jansson, V., Karimaki, V., Kassamakov, I., Kyritsakis, A., Lehti, S., Meriläinen, A., Montonen, R., Niinikoski, T., Nordlund, K., Österberg, K., Parekh, M., Törnqvist, N. A., Väinölä, J., Veske, M., Farabolini, W., Mollard, A., Napoly, O., Peauger, F., Plouin, J., Bambade, P., Chaikovska, I., Chehab, R., Davier, M., Kaabi, W., Kou, E., LeDiberder, F., Pöschl, R., Zerwas, D., Aimard, B., Balik, G., Baud, J. -P., Blaising, J. -J., Brunetti, L., Chefdeville, M., Drancourt, C., Geoffroy, N., Jacquemier, J., Jeremie, A., Karyotakis, Y., Nappa, J. M., Vilalte, S., Vouters, G., Bernard, A., Peric, I., Gabriel, M., Simon, F., Szalay, M., van der Kolk, N., Alexopoulos, T., Gazis, E. N., Gazis, N., Ikarios, E., Kostopoulos, V., Kourkoulis, S., Gupta, P. D., Shrivastava, P., Arfaei, H., Dayyani, M. K., Ghasem, H., Hajari, S. S., Shaker, H., Ashkenazy, Y., Abramowicz, H., Benhammou, Y., Borysov, O., Kananov, S., Levy, A., Levy, I., Rosenblat, O., D'Auria, G., Di Mitri, S., Abe, T., Aryshev, A., Higo, T., Makida, Y., Matsumoto, S., Shidara, T., Takatomi, T., Takubo, Y., Tauchi, T., Toge, N., Ueno, K., Urakawa, J., Yamamoto, A., Yamanaka, M., Raboanary, R., Hart, R., van der Graaf, H., Eigen, G., Zalieckas, J., Adli, E., Lillestøl, R., Malina, L., Pfingstner, J., Sjobak, K. N., Ahmed, W., Asghar, M. I., Hoorani, H., Bugiel, S., Dasgupta, R., Firlej, M., Fiutowski, T. A., Idzik, M., Kopec, M., Kuczynska, M., Moron, J., Swientek, K. P., Daniluk, W., Krupa, B., Kucharczyk, M., Lesiak, T., Moszczynski, A., Pawlik, B., Sopicki, P., Wojtoń, T., Zawiejski, L., Kalinowski, J., Krawczyk, M., Żarnecki, A. F., Firu, E., Ghenescu, V., Neagu, A. T., Preda, T., Zgura, I-S., Aloev, A., Azaryan, N., Budagov, J., Chizhov, M., Filippova, M., Glagolev, V., Gongadze, A., Grigoryan, S., Gudkov, D., Karjavine, V., Lyablin, M., Olyunin, A., Samochkine, A., Sapronov, A., Shirkov, G., Soldatov, V., Solodko, A., Solodko, E., Trubnikov, G., Tyapkin, I., Uzhinsky, V., Vorozhtov, A., Levichev, E., Mezentsev, N., Piminov, P., Shatilov, D., Vobly, P., Zolotarev, K., Jelisavcic, I. Bozovic, Kacarevic, G., Lukic, S., Milutinovic-Dumbelovic, G., Pandurovic, M., Iriso, U., Perez, F., Pont, M., Trenado, J., Aguilar-Benitez, M., Calero, J., Garcia-Tabares, L., Gavela, D., Gutierrez, J. L., Lopez, D., Toral, F., Moya, D., Jimeno, A. Ruiz, Vila, I., Argyropoulos, T., Gutierrez, C. Blanch, Boronat, M., Esperante, D., Faus-Golfe, A., Fuster, J., Martinez, N. Fuster, Muñoz, N. Galindo, García, I., Navarro, J. Giner, Ros, E., Vos, M., Brenner, R., Ekelöf, T., Jacewicz, M., Ögren, J., Olvegård, M., Ruber, R., Ziemann, V., Aguglia, D., Tehrani, N. Alipour, Andersson, A., Andrianala, F., Antoniou, F., Artoos, K., Atieh, S., Sune, R. Ballabriga, Barnes, M. J., Garcia, J. Barranco, Bartosik, H., Belver-Aguilar, C., Morell, A. Benot, Bett, D. R., Bettoni, S., Blanchot, G., Garcia, O. Blanco, Bonnin, X. A., Brunner, O., Burkhardt, H., Calatroni, S., Campbell, M., Lasheras, N. Catalan, Bastos, M. Cerqueira, Cherif, A., Chevallay, E., Constance, B., Corsini, R., Cure, B., Curt, S., Dalena, B., Dannheim, D., De Michele, G., De Oliveira, L., Deelen, N., Delahaye, J. P., Dobers, T., Doebert, S., Draper, M., Ramos, F. Duarte, Dubrovskiy, A., Elsener, K., Esberg, J., Esposito, M., Fedosseev, V., Ferracin, P., Fiergolski, A., Foraz, K., Fowler, A., Friebel, F., Fuchs, J-F., Rojas, C. A. Fuentes, Gaddi, A., Fajardo, L. Garcia, Morales, H. Garcia, Garion, C., Gatignon, L., Gayde, J-C., Gerwig, H., Goldblatt, A. N., Grefe, C., Grudiev, A., Guillot-Vignot, F. G., Gutt-Mostowy, M. L., Hauschild, M., Hessler, C., Holma, J. K., Holzer, E., Hourican, M., Hynds, D., Levinsen, Y. Inntjore, Jeanneret, B., Jensen, E., Jonker, M., Kastriotou, M., Kemppinen, J. M. K., Kieffer, R. B., Klempt, W., Kononenko, O., Korsback, A., Platia, E. Koukovini, Kovermann, J. W., Kozsar, C-I., Kremastiotis, I., Kulis, S., Latina, A., Leaux, F., Lebrun, P., Lefevre, T., Linssen, L., Cudie, X. Llopart, Maier, A. A., Durand, H. Mainaud, Manosperti, E., Marelli, C., Lacoma, E. Marin, Martin, R., Mazzoni, S., Mcmonagle, G., Mete, O., Mether, L. M., Modena, M., Münker, R. M., Muranaka, T., Del Busto, E. Nebot, Nikiforou, N., Nisbet, D., Nonglaton, J-M., Nuiry, F. X., Nürnberg, A., Olvegard, M., Osborne, J., Papadopoulou, S., Papaphilippou, Y., Passarelli, A., Patecki, M., Pazdera, L., Pellegrini, D., Pepitone, K., Codina, E. Perez, Fontenla, A. Perez, Persson, T. H. B., Petrič, M., Pitters, F., Pittet, S., Plassard, F., Rajamak, R., Redford, S., Renier, Y., Rey, S. F., Riddone, G., Rinolfi, L., Castro, E. Rodriguez, Roloff, P., Rossi, C., Rude, V., Rumolo, G., Sailer, A., Santin, E., Schlatter, D., Schmickler, H., Schulte, D., Shipman, N., Sicking, E., Simoniello, R., Skowronski, P. K., Mompean, P. Sobrino, Soby, L., Sosin, M. P., Sroka, S., Stapnes, S., Sterbini, G., Ström, R., Syratchev, I., Tecker, F., Thonet, P. A., Timeo, L., Timko, H., Garcia, R. Tomas, Valerio, P., Vamvakas, A. L., Vivoli, A., Weber, M. A., Wegner, R., Wendt, M., Woolley, B., Wuensch, W., Uythoven, J., Zha, H., Zisopoulos, P., Benoit, M., Pinto, M. Vicente Barreto, Bopp, M., Braun, H. H., Divall, M. Csatari, Dehler, M., Garvey, T., Raguin, J. Y., Rivkin, L., Zennaro, R., Aksoy, A., Nergiz, Z., Pilicer, E., Tapan, I., Yavas, O., Baturin, V., Kholodov, R., Lebedynskyi, S., Miroshnichenko, V., Mordyk, S., Profatilova, I., Storizhko, V., Watson, N., Winter, A., Goldstein, J., Green, S., Marshall, J. S., Thomson, M. A., Xu, B., Gillespie, W. A., Pan, R., Tyrk, M. A, Protopopescu, D., Robson, A., Apsimon, R., Bailey, I., Burt, G., Constable, D., Dexter, A., Karimian, S., Lingwood, C., Buckland, M. D., Casse, G., Vossebeld, J., Bosco, A., Karataev, P., Kruchinin, K., Lekomtsev, K., Nevay, L., Snuverink, J., Yamakawa, E., Boisvert, V., Boogert, S., Boorman, G., Gibson, S., Lyapin, A., Shields, W., Teixeira-Dias, P., West, S., Jones, R., Joshi, N., Bodenstein, R., Burrows, P. N., Christian, G. B., Gamba, D., Perry, C., Roberts, J., Clarke, J. A., Collomb, N. A., Jamison, S. P., Shepherd, B. J. A., Walsh, D., Demarteau, M., Repond, J., Weerts, H., Xia, L., Wells, J. D., Adolphsen, C., Barklow, T., Breidenbach, M., Graf, N., Hewett, J., Markiewicz, T., McCormick, D., Moffeit, K., Nosochkov, Y., Oriunno, M., Phinney, N., Rizzo, T., Tantawi, S., Wang, F., Wang, J., White, G., and Woodley, M.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a multi-TeV high-luminosity linear e+e- collider under development. For an optimal exploitation of its physics potential, CLIC is foreseen to be built and operated in a staged approach with three centre-of-mass energy stages ranging from a few hundred GeV up to 3 TeV. The first stage will focus on precision Standard Model physics, in particular Higgs and top-quark measurements. Subsequent stages will focus on measurements of rare Higgs processes, as well as searches for new physics processes and precision measurements of new states, e.g. states previously discovered at LHC or at CLIC itself. In the 2012 CLIC Conceptual Design Report, a fully optimised 3 TeV collider was presented, while the proposed lower energy stages were not studied to the same level of detail. This report presents an updated baseline staging scenario for CLIC. The scenario is the result of a comprehensive study addressing the performance, cost and power of the CLIC accelerator complex as a function of centre-of-mass energy and it targets optimal physics output based on the current physics landscape. The optimised staging scenario foresees three main centre-of-mass energy stages at 380 GeV, 1.5 TeV and 3 TeV for a full CLIC programme spanning 22 years. For the first stage, an alternative to the CLIC drive beam scheme is presented in which the main linac power is produced using X-band klystrons., Comment: 57 pages, 27 figures, 12 tables, published as CERN Yellow Report. Updated version: Minor layout changes for print version

Published
2016
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8. Conceptual design of the magnetised iron block system for the SHADOWS experiment

Author

Stummer, F, Banerjee, D, Baratto Roldan, A, Bernhard, J, Boogert, S T, Brugger, M, Charitonidis, N, D’Alessandro, G L, Deniaud, M, Dyks, L A, Gatignon, L, Gerbershagen, A, Gibson, S, Lanfranchi, G, Metzger, F, Murphy, R, Mussolini, C A, Nevay, L J, Parozzi, E, Rae, B, Schuh-Erhard, S, Simon, P, Shields, W, Stergiou, V, Van Dijk, M, Zickler, T, Stummer, F, Banerjee, D, Baratto Roldan, A, Bernhard, J, Boogert, S T, Brugger, M, Charitonidis, N, D’Alessandro, G L, Deniaud, M, Dyks, L A, Gatignon, L, Gerbershagen, A, Gibson, S, Lanfranchi, G, Metzger, F, Murphy, R, Mussolini, C A, Nevay, L J, Parozzi, E, Rae, B, Schuh-Erhard, S, Simon, P, Shields, W, Stergiou, V, Van Dijk, M, and Zickler, T

Abstract

SHADOWS [1, 2] is an intended future beam dump experiment in the CERN North Area, aiming to search for feebly interacting particles (FIPs) [3] created in 400 GeV/c proton interactions. Due to its proposed off-axis location alongside the K12 beamline [4], the SHADOWS detector can be placed potentially very close to the beam dump, enabling it to search for FIPs in unexplored parts of the parameter space. In order to guarantee good quality of a potential signal, it is crucial to reduce any backgrounds of Standard Model particles as much as possible. The dominant background downstream the beam dump is caused by muons [1]. This introduces the need of a dedicated muon sweeping system consisting of magnetised iron blocks (MIBs) to actively mitigate this background component. We present the conceptional design studies in the framework of the Conventional Beams Working Group of the Physics Beyond Colliders Initiative at CERN [5, 6].

Published
2024

10. Conceptual design of the magnetised iron block system for the SHADOWS experiment

Author

Stummer, F, primary, Banerjee, D, additional, Baratto Roldan, A, additional, Bernhard, J, additional, Boogert, S T, additional, Brugger, M, additional, Charitonidis, N, additional, D’Alessandro, G L, additional, Deniaud, M, additional, Dyks, L A, additional, Gatignon, L, additional, Gerbershagen, A, additional, Gibson, S, additional, Lanfranchi, G, additional, Metzger, F, additional, Murphy, R, additional, Mussolini, C A, additional, Nevay, L J, additional, Parozzi, E, additional, Rae, B, additional, Schuh-Erhard, S, additional, Simon, P, additional, Shields, W, additional, Stergiou, V, additional, Van Dijk, M, additional, and Zickler, T, additional

Published
2024
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11. Treatment of infantile spasms with very high dose prednisolone before high dose adrenocorticotropic hormone

Author

Hussain, Shaun A, Shinnar, Shlomo, Kwong, Grace, Lerner, Jason T, Matsumoto, Joyce H, Wu, Joyce Y, Shields, W Donald, and Sankar, Raman

Subjects
Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Clinical Research, Rare Diseases, Pediatric, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Adolescent, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Anticonvulsants, Child, Child, Preschool, Drug Administration Schedule, Drug Therapy, Combination, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Monitoring, Physiologic, Prednisolone, Spasms, Infantile, Treatment Outcome, Hypsarrhythmia, Corticotropin, ACTHar, Corticosteroids, West syndrome, Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery
Abstract

PurposeThis study investigated the short-term response to a standardized hormonal therapy protocol for treatment of infantile spasms.MethodsTwenty-seven children with video electroencephalography (EEG)-confirmed infantile spasms received very high dose (8 mg/kg/day, max 60 mg/day) oral prednisolone for 2 weeks. Response (absence of both hypsarrhythmia and spasms) to prednisolone was ascertained by repeat overnight video-EEG. Responders were tapered over 2 weeks and nonresponders were immediately transitioned to high dose (150 IU/m(2)/day) intramuscular adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) for two additional weeks. Response was again determined by overnight video-EEG after ACTH therapy.Key findingsSixty-three percent (17/27) of patients responded completely to prednisolone. Subsequently, 40% (4/10) of prednisolone nonresponders exhibited a complete response after an additional 2-week course with ACTH. Among 27 subjects with median follow-up of 13.5 months (interquartile range [IQR] 4.8-25.9), 12% (2/17) of prednisolone responders and 50% (2/4) of ACTH responders experienced a relapse between 2 and 9 months after initial response.SignificanceVery high dose prednisolone demonstrated significantly higher efficacy than previously reported for lower doses in prior studies. High dose ACTH may be superior to very high dose prednisolone, and in lieu of a definitive clinical trial, the choice between prednisolone and ACTH for initial treatment of infantile spasms remains controversial.

Published
2014

13. Infantile spasms: A U.S. consensus report

Author

Pellock, John M, Hrachovy, Richard, Shinnar, Shlomo, Baram, Tallie Z, Bettis, David, Dlugos, Dennis J, Gaillard, William D, Gibson, Patricia A, Holmes, Gregory L, Nordli, Douglas R, O’Dell, Christine, Shields, W Donald, Trevathan, Edwin, and Wheless, James W

Subjects
Pediatric, Clinical Research, Health Services, Management of diseases and conditions, 7.3 Management and decision making, Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Anticonvulsants, Consensus, Consensus Development Conferences as Topic, Diet, Ketogenic, Disease-Free Survival, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Pediatrics, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Prednisolone, Spasms, Infantile, United States, Vigabatrin, West syndrome, Encephalopathic epilepsy, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Corticosteroids, Infantile spasms, Treatment, Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery
Abstract

The diagnosis, evaluation, and management of infantile spasms (IS) continue to pose significant challenges to the treating physician. Although an evidence-based practice guideline with full literature review was published in 2004, diversity in IS evaluation and treatment remains and highlights the need for further consensus to optimize outcomes in IS. For this purpose, a working group committed to the diagnosis, treatment, and establishment of a continuum of care for patients with IS and their families—the Infantile Spasms Working Group (ISWG)—was convened. The ISWG participated in a workshop for which the key objectives were to review the state of our understanding of IS, assess the scientific evidence regarding efficacy of currently available therapeutic options, and arrive at a consensus on protocols for diagnostic workup and management of IS that can serve as a guide to help specialists and general pediatricians optimally manage infants with IS. The overall goal of the workshop was to improve IS outcomes by assisting treating physicians with early recognition and diagnosis of IS, initiation of short duration therapy with a first-line treatment, timely electroencephalography (EEG) evaluation of treatment to evaluate effectiveness, and, if indicated, prompt treatment modification. Differences of opinion among ISWG members occurred in areas where data were lacking; however, this article represents a consensus of the U.S. approach to the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of IS.

Published
2010

20. Self-consistent numerical evaluation of concrete shielding activation for proton therapy systems:Application to the proton therapy research centre in Charleroi, Belgium

Author

Ramoisiaux, E., Tesse, R., Hernalsteens, C., Boogert, S. T., Gnacadja, E., Nevay, L. J., Pauly, N., Shields, W., Stichelbaut, F., Vanwelde, M., Ramoisiaux, E., Tesse, R., Hernalsteens, C., Boogert, S. T., Gnacadja, E., Nevay, L. J., Pauly, N., Shields, W., Stichelbaut, F., and Vanwelde, M.

Abstract

Due to the advancement of proton therapy for cancer treatment, there has been a worldwide increase in the construction of treatment facilities. Therapy centres are often coupled with clinical, biological or material-science research programs. Research activities require proton beams at energies spanning an extensive range with higher beam currents and longer irradiation times than clinical conditions. Additionally, next-generation proton therapy systems are evolving towards more compact designs. In addition to the increased centres’ workloads, reducing the system in size produces a more significant number of secondary particles per unit volume and time. Therefore, the activation level of materials constituting those future proton therapy centres is expected to be higher, increasing the ambient dose and the amount of radioactive waste collected at the end of a centre’s lifetime. These operating conditions pose new challenges for the shielding design and the reduction of the concrete activation. To tackle them, we propose a novel approach to seamlessly simulate all the processes relevant for the evaluation of the concrete shielding activation using, as an illustration, the Ion Beam Applications Proteus® One system. A realistic model of the system is developed using Beam Delivery Simulation (BDSIM), a Geant4-based particle tracking code. It allows a single model to simulate primary and secondary particle tracking in the beamline, its surroundings, and all particle-matter interactions. The code system and library database FISPACT-II allows the computation of the shielding activation by solving the rate equations using ENDF-compliant group library data for nuclear reactions, particle-induced or spontaneous fission yields, and radioactive decay. As input, FISPACT-II is provided with the secondary particle fluences scored using the BDSIM Monte Carlo simulations. This approach is applied to the proton therapy research centre of Charleroi, Belgium. Results compare the evolut

Published
2022

21. Pyg4ometry:A Python library for the creation of Monte Carlo radiation transport physical geometries

Author

Walker, S.D., Abramov, A., Nevay, L.J., Shields, W., Boogert, S.T., Walker, S.D., Abramov, A., Nevay, L.J., Shields, W., and Boogert, S.T.

Abstract

Creating and maintaining computer-readable geometries for use in Monte Carlo Radiation Transport (MCRT) simulations is an error-prone and time-consuming task. Simulating a system often requires geometry from different sources and modelling environments, including a range of MCRT codes and computer-aided design (CAD) tools. Pyg4ometry is a Python library that enables users to rapidly create, manipulate, display, debug, read, and write Geometry Description Markup Language (GDML)-based geometry used in MCRT simulations. Pyg4ometry provides importation of CAD files to GDML tessellated solids, conversion of GDML geometry to FLUKA and conversely from FLUKA to GDML. The implementation of Pyg4ometry is explained in detail in this paper and includes a number of small examples to demonstrate some of its capabilities. The paper concludes with a complete example using most of Pyg4ometry's features and a discussion of possible extensions and future work.

Published
2022

23. Time for DNA Disclosure

Author

Krane, D. E., Bahn, V., Balding, D., Barlow, B., Cash, H., Desportes, B. L., D'Eustachio, P., Devlin, K., Doom, T. E., Dror, I., Ford, S., Funk, C., Gilder, J., Hampikian, G., Inman, K., Jamieson, A., Kent, P. E., Koppl, R., Kornfield, I., Krimsky, S., Mnookin, J., Mueller, L., Murphy, E., Paoletti, D. R., Petrov, D. A., Raymer, M., Risinger, D. M., Roth, A., Rudin, N., Shields, W., Siegel, J. A., Slatkin, M., Song, Y. S., Speed, T., Spiegelman, C., Sullivan, P., Swienton, A. R., Tarpey, T., Thompson, W. C., Ungvarsky, E., and Zabell, S.

Published
2009

25. Prediction from Contingency Tables Using Joint Likelihoods. MLM Research Report 74-1.

Author

Royal Military Coll. of Canada, Kingston (Ontario). Dept. of Military Leadership and Management. and Shields, W. S.

Abstract

A procedure for predicting categorical outcomes using categorical predictor variables was described by Moonan. This paper describes a related technique which uses prior probabilities, updated by joint likelihoods, as classification criteria. The procedure differs from Moonan's in that the outcome having the greatest posterior probability is selected as the prediction regardless of misclassification cost. It also differs in method of screening and weighting the predictor variables, and treats the problem of small-sample bias. Applications, to date, are in the analysis and use of questionnaire responses to predict categorical outcomes, namely, voluntary, academic, and military attrition from a Service College. Classification efficiency appears to be comparable to that of the Moonan technique. (Author)

Published
1974

35. BDSIM

Author

Nevay, Laurence, Abramov, A., Boogert, S.T., Deacon, L.C., Garcia-Morales, H., Gibson, S.M., Kwee-Hinzmann, R., Shields, W., Snuverink, J., and Walker, S.

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Accelerator Physics
Abstract

BDSIM is a program that uses a suite of high energy physics software in- cluding Geant4, CLHEP & ROOT, to seamlessly track particles through a 3-dimensional accelerator model utilising the full range of particles and physics processes from Geant4. BDSIM was originally developed to simulate linear colliders such as the International Linear Collider (ILC), but has more recently been extended for application to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), and gen- erally to storage rings. The significant modernisation and revision of the im- plementation undertaken from 2013 to facilitate these simulations is presented here along with an example of the capabilities., CERN Yellow Reports: Conference Proceedings, Vol. 2 (2018): Proceedings of "Tracking Collimation" ICFA Workshop

Published
2020
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36. The laser-hybrid accelerator for radiobiological applications

Author

Aymar, G, Becker, T, Boogert, S, Borghesi, M, Bingham, R, Brenner, C, Burrows, PN, Dascalu, T, Ettlinger, OC, Gibson, S, Greenshaw, T, Gruber, S, Gujral, D, Hardiman, C, Hughes, J, Jones, WG, Kirkby, K, Kurup, A, Lagrange, J-B, Long, K, Luk, W, Matheson, J, McKenna, P, Mclauchlan, R, Najmudin, Z, Lau, HT, Parsons, JL, Pasternak, J, Pozimski, J, Prise, K, Puchalska, M, Ratoff, P, Schettino, G, Shields, W, Smith, S, Thomason, J, Towe, S, Weightman, P, Whyte, C, and Xiao, R

Subjects
Quantitative Biology::Tissues and Organs, Physics::Medical Physics, physics.bio-ph, Physics::Accelerator Physics, physics.acc-ph
Abstract

The `Laser-hybrid Accelerator for Radiobiological Applications', LhARA, is conceived as a novel, uniquely-flexible facility dedicated to the study of radiobiology. The technologies demonstrated in LhARA, which have wide application, will be developed to allow particle-beam therapy to be delivered in a completely new regime, combining a variety of ion species in a single treatment fraction and exploiting ultra-high dose rates. LhARA will be a hybrid accelerator system in which laser interactions drive the creation of a large flux of protons or light ions that are captured using a plasma (Gabor) lens and formed into a beam. The laser-driven source allows protons and ions to be captured at energies significantly above those that pertain in conventional facilities, thus evading the current space-charge limit on the instantaneous dose rate that can be delivered. The laser-hybrid approach, therefore, will allow the vast ``terra incognita'' of the radiobiology that determines the response of tissue to ionising radiation to be studied with protons and light ions using a wide variety of time structures, spectral distributions, and spatial configurations at instantaneous dose rates up to and significantly beyond the ultra-high dose-rate `FLASH' regime. It is proposed that LhARA be developed in two stages. In the first stage, a programme of in vitro radiobiology will be served with proton beams with energies between 10MeV and 15MeV. In stage two, the beam will be accelerated using a fixed-field accelerator (FFA). This will allow experiments to be carried out in vitro and in vivo with proton beam energies of up to 127MeV. In addition, ion beams with energies up to 33.4MeV per nucleon will be available for in vitro and in vivo experiments. This paper presents the conceptual design for LhARA and the R&D programme by which the LhARA consortium seeks to establish the facility.

Published
2020

38. LhARA:The Laser-hybrid Accelerator for Radiobiological Applications

Author

Aymar, G., Becker, T., Boogert, S., Borghesi, M., Bingham, R., Brenner, C., Burrows, P.N., Ettlinger, O.C., Dascalu, T., Gibson, S., Greenshaw, T., Gruber, S., Gujral, D., Hardiman, C., Hughes, J., Jones, W.G., Kirkby, K., Kurup, A., Lagrange, J.-B., Long, K., Luk, W., Matheson, J., McKenna, P., McLauchlan, R., Najmudin, Z., Lau, H.T., Parsons, J.L., Pasternak, J., Pozimski, J., Prise, K., Puchalska, M., Ratoff, P., Schettino, G., Shields, W., Smith, S., Thomason, J., Towe, S., Weightman, P., Whyte, C., Xiao, R., Aymar, G., Becker, T., Boogert, S., Borghesi, M., Bingham, R., Brenner, C., Burrows, P.N., Ettlinger, O.C., Dascalu, T., Gibson, S., Greenshaw, T., Gruber, S., Gujral, D., Hardiman, C., Hughes, J., Jones, W.G., Kirkby, K., Kurup, A., Lagrange, J.-B., Long, K., Luk, W., Matheson, J., McKenna, P., McLauchlan, R., Najmudin, Z., Lau, H.T., Parsons, J.L., Pasternak, J., Pozimski, J., Prise, K., Puchalska, M., Ratoff, P., Schettino, G., Shields, W., Smith, S., Thomason, J., Towe, S., Weightman, P., Whyte, C., and Xiao, R.

Abstract

The “Laser-hybrid Accelerator for Radiobiological Applications,” LhARA, is conceived as a novel, flexible facility dedicated to the study of radiobiology. The technologies demonstrated in LhARA, which have wide application, will be developed to allow particle-beam therapy to be delivered in a new regimen, combining a variety of ion species in a single treatment fraction and exploiting ultra-high dose rates. LhARA will be a hybrid accelerator system in which laser interactions drive the creation of a large flux of protons or light ions that are captured using a plasma (Gabor) lens and formed into a beam. The laser-driven source allows protons and ions to be captured at energies significantly above those that pertain in conventional facilities, thus evading the current space-charge limit on the instantaneous dose rate that can be delivered. The laser-hybrid approach, therefore, will allow the radiobiology that determines the response of tissue to ionizing radiation to be studied with protons and light ions using a wide variety of time structures, spectral distributions, and spatial configurations at instantaneous dose rates up to and significantly beyond the ultra-high dose-rate “FLASH” regime. It is proposed that LhARA be developed in two stages. In the first stage, a programme of in vitro radiobiology will be served with proton beams with energies between 10 and 15 MeV. In stage two, the beam will be accelerated using a fixed-field alternating-gradient accelerator (FFA). This will allow experiments to be carried out in vitro and in vivo with proton beam energies of up to 127 MeV. In addition, ion beams with energies up to 33.4 MeV per nucleon will be available for in vitro and in vivo experiments. This paper presents the conceptual design for LhARA and the R&D programme by which the LhARA consortium seeks to establish the facility. © Copyright © 2020 Aymar, Becker, Boogert, Borghesi, Bingham, Brenner, Burrows, Ettlinger, Dascalu, Gibson, Greenshaw, Gruber, Gujral, H

Published
2020

39. BDSIM:An accelerator tracking code with particle–matter interactions

Author

Nevay, L.J., Boogert, S.T., Snuverink, J., Abramov, A., Deacon, L.C., Garcia-Morales, H., Lefebvre, H., Gibson, S.M., Kwee-Hinzmann, R., Shields, W., Walker, S.D., Nevay, L.J., Boogert, S.T., Snuverink, J., Abramov, A., Deacon, L.C., Garcia-Morales, H., Lefebvre, H., Gibson, S.M., Kwee-Hinzmann, R., Shields, W., and Walker, S.D.

Abstract

Beam Delivery Simulation (BDSIM) is a program that simulates the passage of particles in a particle accelerator. It uses a suite of standard high energy physics codes (Geant4, ROOT and CLHEP) to create a computational model of a particle accelerator that combines accurate accelerator tracking routines with all of the physics processes of particles in Geant4. This unique combination permits radiation and detector background simulations in accelerators where both accurate tracking of all particles is required over long range or over many revolutions of a circular machine, as well as interaction with the material of the accelerator.

Published
2020

48. CONTRIBUTORS

Author

Aaskov, John G., primary, Abdel-Rahman, Susan M., additional, Aebi, Christoph, additional, Ament, Marvin E., additional, Anderson, Marsha S., additional, Arnon, Stephen S., additional, Arvin, Ann M., additional, Atkins, Jane T., additional, Atmar, Robert L., additional, Baker, Carol J., additional, Baltimore, Robert S., additional, Barenkamp, Stephen J., additional, Barnett, Elizabeth D., additional, Basow, Robert D., additional, Beisel, William R., additional, Bell, Beth P., additional, Benard, Gil, additional, Bernstein, David I., additional, Bernt, Kathrin M., additional, Berry, Andrea A., additional, Bluestone, Charles D., additional, Blumer, Jeffrey L., additional, Bortolussi, Robert, additional, Boyanton, Bobby L., additional, Boyer, Kenneth M., additional, Bradley, John S., additional, Brady, Michael T., additional, Britt, William J., additional, Broderick, Annemarie, additional, Bronstein, David E., additional, Bruckner, David A., additional, Buckingham, Steven C., additional, Burgos, Ana, additional, Byington, Carrie L., additional, Campbell, Judith R., additional, Cantu, Samson, additional, Chacko, Mariam R., additional, Chapman, Louisa E., additional, Charrel, Rémi N., additional, Chen, Tempe K., additional, Cherry, James D., additional, Chesney, P. Joan, additional, Chilakapati, Madhuri C., additional, Chinen, Javier, additional, Ching, Natascha, additional, Clark, H. Fred, additional, Cleary, Thomas G., additional, Coats, David K., additional, Correa, Armando G., additional, Cross, J. Thomas, additional, Cutrer, William B., additional, Dagan, Ronald, additional, Dassey, David E., additional, Davis, Jeffrey P., additional, Demmler-Harrison, Gail J., additional, Dennehy, Penelope H., additional, Doan, Minh L., additional, Dobson, Simon R., additional, Drutz, Jan E., additional, Edelstein, Paul H., additional, Edwards, Kathryn M., additional, Edwards, Morven S., additional, English, B. Keith, additional, Estripeaut, Dora, additional, Fan, Leland L., additional, Feigin, Ralph D., additional, Ferry, George D., additional, Fiore, Anthony E., additional, Fischer, Philip R., additional, Fisher, Randall G., additional, Flynn, Patricia M., additional, Flynn, Thomas R., additional, Frenkel, Lisa M., additional, Friedman, Ellen M., additional, Friedman, Richard A., additional, Garcia, Lynne S., additional, Gavin, Patrick J., additional, Gerber, Michael A., additional, Gershon, Anne A., additional, Gilger, Mark A., additional, Gillespie, Susan L., additional, Glaze, Daniel G., additional, Glezen, W. Paul, additional, Glodé, Mary P., additional, Goldmann, Donald A., additional, Goldstein, Ellie J.C., additional, Goldstein, Nira A., additional, Gonzales, Edmond T., additional, Gorman, Mark P., additional, Green, Michael D., additional, Greenberg, David, additional, Groll, Andreas H., additional, Grose, Charles, additional, Gubler, Duane J., additional, Guerrero, Roberto A., additional, Guevara, Javier Nieto, additional, Gutierrez, Kathleen M., additional, Hall, Caroline Breese, additional, Halstead, Scott B., additional, Hamano, Shinjiro, additional, Hamill, Richard J., additional, Hammerschlag, Margaret R., additional, Hanson, I. Celine, additional, Harik, Nada, additional, Harrison, Rick E., additional, Healy, C. Mary, additional, Heininger, Ulrich, additional, Heresi, Gloria P., additional, Hiatt, Peter W., additional, Hill, Harry R., additional, Hilmers, David C., additional, Hoffman, Jill A., additional, Hon, Ellis K.L., additional, Hostetter, Margaret K., additional, Hotez, Peter J., additional, Hughes, Walter T., additional, Hulten, Kristina G., additional, Hunstad, David A., additional, Hurwitz, Eugene S., additional, Huskins, W. Charles, additional, Hyun, David Y., additional, Jackson, Mary Anne, additional, Jacobs, Michael R., additional, Jacobs, Richard F., additional, Jaeger, Jenifer L., additional, Jhaveri, Ravi R., additional, Johnston, Samantha, additional, Jonas, Maureen M., additional, Julapalli, Meena R., additional, Kaplan, Edward L., additional, Kaplan, Sheldon L., additional, Karpen, Saul J., additional, Kearns, Gregory L., additional, Keller, Margaret A., additional, Khoury, Chaouki K., additional, Kleiman, Martin B., additional, Klein, Jerome O., additional, Kline, Mark W., additional, Knapp, Katherine M., additional, Kokkinos, Heidi M., additional, Krause, Peter J., additional, Krilov, Leonard R., additional, Krogstad, Paul, additional, Kuhls, Thomas L., additional, de Lamballerie, Xavier, additional, La Pine, Timothy R., additional, Laurens, Matthew B., additional, Leach, Charles T., additional, Leggiadro, Robert J., additional, Lennon, Diana R., additional, Lentzsch-Parcells, Carolyn, additional, Leroy, Eric, additional, Leung, Chi Wai, additional, Levy, Moise L., additional, Lewis, Karen, additional, Losikoff, Phyllis T., additional, Lotze, Timothy Edward, additional, Lowry, Adam W., additional, Mailman, Timothy, additional, Maloney, Susan A., additional, Mascola, Laurene, additional, Mason, Edward O., additional, Matson, David O., additional, Mayer, Alan N., additional, Mazade, Marc A., additional, McAuley, James B., additional, McCracken, George H., additional, McIntosh, Kenneth, additional, McJunkin, James E., additional, McKee, Kelly T., additional, McLeod, Rima L., additional, McLin, Valérie A., additional, Mendes-Giannini, Maria José Soares, additional, Meyers, Wayne M., additional, Michaels, Marian G., additional, Michelow, Ian C., additional, Milisavljevic, Vladana, additional, Miller, Aaron M., additional, Miller, James N., additional, Miller, Marjorie J., additional, Mills, James N., additional, Minnich, Linda L., additional, Moran, Ann, additional, Murphy, James R., additional, Nag, Pratip K., additional, Nania, Joseph J., additional, Nataro, James P., additional, Nicome, Roger K., additional, Nielsen-Saines, Karin, additional, Nieves, Delma J., additional, Oberhelman, Richard A., additional, Ochoa, Theresa J., additional, Oermann, Christopher M., additional, Olteanu, Alina, additional, Overturf, Gary D., additional, Palazzi, Debra L., additional, Pannaraj, Pia S., additional, Patel, Janak A., additional, Patrick, Christian C., additional, Paysse, Evelyn A., additional, Pérez, Norma, additional, Peters, C.J., additional, Petri, William A., additional, Phillips, Brandon Lane, additional, Pickering, Larry K., additional, Piecuch, Joseph F., additional, Pinheiro, Francisco P., additional, Plotkin, Stanley A., additional, Pomeroy, Scott L., additional, Pong, Alice, additional, Pugatch, David L., additional, Purcell, Joan S., additional, Ramraj, Ramya, additional, Remington, Jack S., additional, Rodriguez, Carina A., additional, Romero, José R., additional, Ross, Benjamin A., additional, Ross, Lawrence A., additional, Rowen, Judith L., additional, Rupprecht, Charles E., additional, Sáez-Llorens, Xavier, additional, Saiman, Lisa, additional, Geme, Joseph W. St., additional, Sánchez, Pablo J., additional, Sass, Laura A., additional, Sattler, Carlos A., additional, Schulte, Danica J., additional, Schutze, Gordon E., additional, Seeborg, Filiz O., additional, Shapiro, Eugene D., additional, Shapiro, Nina L., additional, Shearer, William T., additional, Shehab, Ziad M., additional, Shenep, Jerry L., additional, Shields, W. Donald, additional, Shimizu-Cohen, Robyn, additional, Shulman, Stanford T., additional, Simos, Constantine, additional, Smith, Arnold L., additional, Soden, Jason S., additional, Staat, Mary Allen, additional, Starke, Jeffrey R., additional, Stechenberg, Barbara W., additional, Steinbach, William J., additional, Steinkuller, Paul G., additional, Stiehm, E. Richard, additional, Stovall, Stephanie H., additional, Suen, Jeffrey, additional, Sumaya, Ciro V., additional, Summer, Andrea P., additional, Swanson, Douglas S., additional, Tan, Tina Q., additional, Tanowitz, Herbert B., additional, Tesh, Robert B., additional, Toltzis, Philip, additional, Topazian, Richard G., additional, Tosi, Michael F., additional, Travassos da Rosa, Amelia P.A., additional, Tsai, Theodore F., additional, Valdez, Tulio A., additional, Vallejo, Jesus G., additional, Vanchiere, John A., additional, Vasconcelos, Pedro Fernando da C., additional, Velarde, Jorge J., additional, Versalovic, James, additional, Wald, Ellen R., additional, Walsh, Douglas S., additional, Walsh, Edward E., additional, Walsh, Thomas J., additional, Ward, Mark A., additional, Ward, Richard L., additional, Weinberg, Michelle, additional, Welliver, Robert C., additional, Wheeler, J. Gary, additional, White, A. Clinton, additional, Whitworth, Suzanne, additional, Wiedermann, Bernhard L., additional, Williams-Bouyer, Natalie, additional, Wittner, Murray, additional, Woods, Charles R., additional, Yen, Kimberly G., additional, Yogev, Ram, additional, Young, Edward J., additional, and Zaoutis, Theoklis E., additional

Published
2009
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50. Social communication in children with epilepsy

Author

Caplan, Rochelle, Guthrie, Donald, Komo, Scott, Siddarth, Prabha, Chayasirisobhon, Sirichai, Kornblum, Harley, Sankar, Ramen, Hansen, Rebecca, Mitchell, Wendy, and Shields, W. Donald

Subjects
Neuropsychology -- Research, Epileptics, Developmentally disabled -- Means of communication, Developmentally disabled children, Communication -- Social aspects, Communicative disorders in children -- Physiological aspects, Cognition disorders -- Physiological aspects, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

This article examines epileptic children's social communication skills. Topics include neuropsychology, cognitive development, and an analysis of thought disorders.

Published
2002

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