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2. Flavor-Related Applications of Chitin and Chitosan in Foods: Effect of Structure and Properties on the Efficacy

Author

Wang, Shang-Ta, Tsai, Cheng-Che, Shih, Ming-Chih, Tsai, Min-Lang, Abe, Akihiro, Editorial Board Member, Albertsson, Ann-Christine, Editorial Board Member, Coates, Geoffrey W., Editorial Board Member, Genzer, Jan, Editorial Board Member, Kobayashi, Shiro, Editorial Board Member, Lee, Kwang-Sup, Editorial Board Member, Leibler, Ludwik, Editorial Board Member, Long, Timothy E., Editorial Board Member, Möller, Martin, Editorial Board Member, Okay, Oguz, Editorial Board Member, Percec, Virgil, Editorial Board Member, Tang, Ben Zhong, Editorial Board Member, Terentjev, Eugene M., Editorial Board Member, Theato, Patrick, Editorial Board Member, Voit, Brigitte, Editorial Board Member, Wiesner, Ulrich, Editorial Board Member, Zhang, Xi, Editorial Board Member, Jayakumar, R., editor, and Prabaharan, M., editor

Published
2021
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11. Data file descriptions.pdf from Size always matters, shape matters only for the big: potential optical effects of silica bodies in Selaginella

Author

Shih, Ming-Chih, Xie, Pei-Jung, Chen, Jiannyeu, Chesson, Peter, and Sheue, Chiou-Rong

Abstract

Silica bodies are commonly found in Selaginella, but their function is unclear. Lens-like appearance and location in many species above giant chloroplasts of dorsal epidermal cells suggest optical functions. Silica body morphology in three Selaginella species was studied by microscopy. Optical effects were assessed by wave-optic simulations. Large convex, approximately hemispherical (papillose) and small approximately conical (concave–convex) silica bodies were found in different species. Both types lead to concentrated spot of light high in the dorsal epidermal cell. Large convex bodies concentrate light 10–25 times in a shape-dependent manner by refraction, and small silica bodies concentrate light in a shape-insensitive, but wavelength-dependent, manner by diffraction (red light: approx. 2.3 times; blue light: approx. 1.5 times). Due to chloroplast movement, this concentrated light is above the chloroplast under high light, but within it under low light. Beyond the spot of concentration, light is dispersed into the chloroplast. Thin Selaginella leaves mean these effects may enhance light capture and minimize photodamage, but other effects such as inhibition of herbivory, mechanical support, and immune responses need to be considered. Silica bodies undoubtedly have optical effects, but their significance to the functioning of the plant requires direct studies of ecophysiological performance.

Published
2022
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12. Supplement S1-S5.pdf from Size always matters, shape matters only for the big: potential optical effects of silica bodies in Selaginella

Author

Shih, Ming-Chih, Xie, Pei-Jung, Chen, Jiannyeu, Chesson, Peter, and Sheue, Chiou-Rong

Abstract

Silica bodies are commonly found in Selaginella, but their function is unclear. Lens-like appearance and location in many species above giant chloroplasts of dorsal epidermal cells suggest optical functions. Silica body morphology in three Selaginella species was studied by microscopy. Optical effects were assessed by wave-optic simulations. Large convex, approximately hemispherical (papillose) and small approximately conical (concave–convex) silica bodies were found in different species. Both types lead to concentrated spot of light high in the dorsal epidermal cell. Large convex bodies concentrate light 10–25 times in a shape-dependent manner by refraction, and small silica bodies concentrate light in a shape-insensitive, but wavelength-dependent, manner by diffraction (red light: approx. 2.3 times; blue light: approx. 1.5 times). Due to chloroplast movement, this concentrated light is above the chloroplast under high light, but within it under low light. Beyond the spot of concentration, light is dispersed into the chloroplast. Thin Selaginella leaves mean these effects may enhance light capture and minimize photodamage, but other effects such as inhibition of herbivory, mechanical support, and immune responses need to be considered. Silica bodies undoubtedly have optical effects, but their significance to the functioning of the plant requires direct studies of ecophysiological performance.

Published
2022
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18. Applying Machine Learning to Design for Reliability Coverage

Author

Chang, Norman, primary, Chuang, Wentze, additional, Tsavatanalli, Ganesh Kumar, additional, Geada, Joao, additional, Zhuang, Hao, additional, Ramachandran, Sankar, additional, Raian, Rahul, additional, Li, Ying-Shiun, additional, Jia, Yaowei, additional, Kaipanatu, Mathew, additional, Mantena, Suresh Kumar, additional, Shih, Ming-Chih, additional, Yang, Anita, additional, and Jang, Roger, additional

Published
2019
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25. Effect of different ethanolic concentrations on antioxidant properties and cytoprotective activities of Platostoma palustre Blume.

Author

Lin, Kuan-Hung, Shih, Ming-Chih, Wang, Po, Yu, Yi-Ping, and Lu, Chun-Ping

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activities of Mesona procumbens ethanolic extracts (MPEEs) which displayed variable antioxidant levels with different ethanolic concentrations. Compared to MPEEs with 20, 40 and 80% ethanol, the 60% MPEE exhibited a higher total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH)- and 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS)-scavenging activities, reducing power, protection of Raw 264.7 mouse macrophages against H2O2-induced damage, and inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by 2,2-azobis(2-amidino propane) dihidrochloride (AAPH). IC50 values of DPPH and ABTS radicals by MPEEs were highly and significantly associated with TPCs and TFCs. The most significant protective effect against oxidative DNA damage was also found to be the 60% MPEE at a concentration of 3.6 mg/mL. In addition, the cell viability test showed that none of the MPEEs had any cell toxicity up to a concentration of 250 μg/mL. The 60% MPEE exhibited higher in vitro and ex vivo antioxidant activities, possessed a protective capability for the biological membrane system, and can be used as a functional ingredient representing a potential source of natural antioxidants to prevent and treat oxidative stress-related disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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41. Automatic B cell lymphoma detection using flow cytometry data.

Author

Shih, Ming-Chih, Huang, Shou-Hsuan Stephen, Youli Zu, Donohue, Rachel, and Chang, Chun-Che Jeff

Abstract

Flow cytometry has been widely used for the diagnosis of various hematopoietic diseases. Although there have been advances in the number of markers that can be analyzed simultaneously, the data is still interpreted by manual gating. This is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and subject to human error. We propose a computational model to detect B-lymphocyte neoplasms using flow cytometry data by building healthy and sick profiles. A cell capture rate was defined to measure the fitness of a test subject using a particular profile. By examining the cell capture rate of a test case with all profiles, the disease type can be determined. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2012
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45. OPTIMIZATION PROCESS OF ROASTED BROKEN BLACK SOYBEAN NATTO USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY.

Author

SHIH, MING ‐ CHIH, YANG, KAI ‐ TS'UNG, SU, SHU ‐ YA, and TSAI, MIN ‐ LAND

Subjects
*ROASTING (Cooking), *SOYBEAN processing, *NATTO, *RESPONSE surfaces (Statistics), *FOOD fermentation, *FOOD quality, *SEED coats (Botany)
Abstract

ABSTRACT Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimum combinations of three factors, roasting time (0-8 min), inoculated bacteria populations (101-105 cells/100 g) and fermentation time (6-30 h), for producing roasted broken black soybean natto. All of the responses (hardness, viscosity and ammonia content) were significantly affected by the three factors. Fermentation time was the most important factor affecting the quality of roasted broken black soybean natto. Optimum combinations were roasting time 1.6-4.0 min, inoculated bacteria populations 103 cells/100 g and fermentation time 23.4-27.0 h. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Natto is a traditional Japanese fermentation food. Black soybean is a black hulled soybean with seed coats containing anthocyanin. Recently, the physiological properties of natto and black soybean were noticed by the scientist. RSM enables reducing the number of experimental trials needed to evaluate multiple parameters and has been widely applied for optimizing processes in the food industry. Natto studies had been done by many researchers but roasted broken black soybean natto had not been researched by other laboratories. As the natto produce has a characteristic odor and musty flavor which was disliked by people, roasted broken beans will have better sensory characteristics and higher antioxidant activity. In this work, we have established the optimum conditions (roasting time, inoculated bacteria populations and fermentation time) for processing roasted broken black soybean natto using RSM. The results provide useful information for the industrial application of natto and black soybean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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