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The important roles of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) over the Arctic Ocean in the Arctic climate system have been recognized, but the atmospheric boundary layer height (ABLH), as a fundamental variable to characterize the vertical structure of ABL, has rarely been investigated. Analyzing a year-round radiosonde dataset during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC), we suggest the optimal critical value of 0.15 of bulk Richardson number to derive ABLH. Based on this algorithm, the hourly ABLH values are derived to analyze the characteristics and variability of ABLH over the Arctic Ocean. The results reveal that the annual cycle is clearly characterized by a distinct peak in May and an abrupt decrease in the following July and August, with a second minimum in December and January. The annual ABLH variation is primarily controlled by the evolution of ABL thermal structure. The temperature inversions in the winter and summer are intensified by seasonal radiative cooling and surface melting, respectively, leading to the low ABLH. The near-surface conditions can also play a significant role in ABLH variation, with turbulent parameters (e.g., friction velocity and turbulent dissipation rate) well correlated with the ABL development. In addition, the MOSAiC ABLH is more suppressed than the ABLH during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) experiment in the summer, which indicates that there is large variability in the Arctic ABL structure during summer melting season.

Mycobacterium fortuitum infections of the musculoskeletal system are commonly missed, given their rarity and the absence of systemic symptoms. In this study, we isolated the M. fortuitum from the skin sinus tract of a traffic accident patient's right medial knee surgical incision (over the open fracture wound), and confirmed by Morphological analysis, MALDI-TOF MS, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and mNGS. Then we adjusted the treatment plan and treated the patient with cefoxitin, amikacin, and doxycycline. At three months follow-up review, his wound had completely healed. This report may provide a reference for the clinical treatment of Mycobacterium fortuitum infection in patients with open fractures.

Design and creation of photocatalytic systems with favorable microstructural and morphological merits are quite crucial to heighten removal of environmental hormones. For such purpose, in the current study n-type Bi4O5Br2 and p-type MnO2 were specially selected to construct three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical composites Bi4O5Br2-MnO2 (MB) via a facile one-pot procedure. Through thorough and systematical analyses, the existence of both expected components was confirmed in composites and these heterojunction MB composites showed significantly improved photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) under visible light. Particularly, the best candidate 0.5 MB owned the largest Kapp value 11.03 × 10−3 min−1 that was about 3.89 and 1.81 times those of bare Bi4O5Br2 and mechanical mixture 0.5 MB, which primarily attributed to strengthened visible-light absorption, effective integration of favorable morphologies, proper chemical composition, and efficient spatial separation of induced charge carriers through n-p heterojunction domains and thus boosted generation of oxidative radicals in a Z-Scheme model. In addition, other parameters possibly influenced photocatalytic degradation performance such as catalyst dosages, initial concentrations of BPA, pH values, and involvement of inorganic anions were also explored. Moreover, some intermediates were detected by GC-MS analysis to provide a plausible degradation path of these robust 3D hierarchical heterojunctions with satisfactory reusability and structural stability.

The non-Markovia dynamics of quantum evolution plays an important role in open quantum sytem. However, how to quantify non-Markovian behavior and what can be obtained from non- Markovianity are still open questions, especially in complex solid systems. Here we address the problem of quantifying non-Markovianity with entanglement in a genuine noisy solid state system at room temperature. We observed the non-Markovianity of quantum evolution with entanglement. By prolonging entanglement with dynamical decoupling, we can reveal the non-Markovianity usually concealed in the environment and obtain detailed environment information. This method is expected to be useful in quantum metrology and quantum information science.

Differential evolution (DE) is a competitive and reliable computing technique for continuous optimization. A diversity-based selection has been proved to be valid to improve the performance of DE. However, further study can be done. In this paper, we propose two versions of colony fitness, fitness with the consideration of diversity information. Selection based on the first version of the colony is embodied in DE/rand/1, a basic DE algorithm, while selection based on the second version is used in CoBiDE, a state-of the-art DE algorithm. Our experiments are based on the 2005 Congress on Evolutionary Computation and the 2014 Congress on Evolutionary Computation benchmark functions. Experimental results show that our modification on algorithms leads to significantly better solutions than before.

It researches how to build a distributed data service platform based on REST architecture in the digital oilfield. In oil enterprise, the data are scattered in the isolated system among various dep...

A nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond is used for magnetic imaging of intracellular proteins in a single cell at 10-nm scale., The in situ measurement of the distribution of biomolecules inside a cell is one of the important goals in life science. Among various imaging techniques, magnetic imaging (MI) based on the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond provides a powerful tool for the biomolecular research, while the nanometer-scale MI of intracellular proteins remains a challenge. Here, we use ferritin as a demonstration to realize the MI of endogenous proteins in a single cell using the NV center as the sensor. With the scanning, intracellular ferritins are imaged with a spatial resolution of ca. 10 nm, and ferritin-containing organelles are colocalized by correlative MI and electron microscopy. The approach paves the way for nanoscale MI of intracellular proteins.

In the current investigation, a novel and in-situ sulfurization protocol was utilized in pure carbon disulfide (CS2) to successfully establish binary composites Bi2S3-Bi2O3 at room temperature. These composites were systematically analyzed for relevant microstructures and morphology. The existence of in-situ produced Bi2S3 in composites was confirmed by UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectra, and elemental mapping images. In addition, the resultant Bi2S3 species were formed as nanocrystals embellished on Bi2O3 surface to generate heterojunction structures. These achieved composites exhibited heightened photocatalytic degradation performance over Rhodamine B (RhB) and methyl orange (MO) in comparison to bare Bi2S3 and Bi2O3 under visible light, mainly attributing to suitable phase composition, strengthened visible-light absorption, and formation of heterojunction structures, by which abundant charge carriers were generated and spatially separated. In addition, these composites possessed satisfactory reusability and structural stability and a plausible type-II photocatalytic mechanism was eventually conjectured basing on band structures of both components and relevant experiments.

In this study, various plasmonic binary composites Ag-Bi12GeO20 were fabricated through a facile in-situ photo-reduction route and subsequently analyzed by multitudinous techniques. The presence of both desirable ingredients in heterojunction structures were confirmed by XPS, SEM, TEM, and EDS elemental mapping and band structures were analyzed by UV–Vis DRS spectra. Moreover, steady-state and transient PL and electrochemical spectra were recorded to reveal effective spatial separation of charge carriers. The effective separation of charge carriers, reinforced visible-light absorption by local surface plasmon resonance effect of Ag nanoparticles, appropriate phase composition, and enlarged specific surface areas contributed to enhanced catalytic degradation of organic dye RhB and antibiotic TC and reduction of Cr (VI) under visible light. Specifically, the best candidate 1AB exhibited apparent reaction rate constants over degradation of RhB and TC and reduction of Cr (VI) about 5.0, 1.72, and 5.77 times those of bare Bi12GeO20 under the identical condition. In addition, basing on experimental and electrochemical analyses a possible photocatalysis mechanism was speculated for these robust and recyclable plasmonic binary composites. Such investigation would provide a novel alternative plasmonic system for environmental protection and mediation by means of photocatalytic technology.

Digital twin (DT) or so-called &lsquo, building information model (BIM)&rsquo, has brought great revolution to the current building industry. Its applications to life cycle management of buildings and infrastructures can further increase the social and economic benefits. As a complete information model, a digital twin integrates the information of a project from different stages of the life cycle into a model, in order to facilitate better asset management and communicate through data visualizations with participants. This paper unprecedently introduces a digital-twin aided life cycle assessment to evaluate a subway station. Dadongmen subway station in Hefei was used as a case study. This new study benchmarks the cost estimation and carbon emission at each life cycle stage of the project. The cost in the construction stage of the project is the highest, accounting for 78% of the total cost. However, the amount of carbon emissions in the operation and maintenance is higher than the amount during the production of building materials, accounting for 67%. Among them, concrete only accounts for 43.66% of the carbon emissions of building materials, even though concrete was mainly used for constructing the metro station. Steel bar and aluminum alloy have carbon emissions of 29.73% and 17.64%, respectively. In addition, emerging risks of the subway stations can be identified. The digital twin has been used to illustrate vulnerability and potential solutions to emerging risks, and to assess the suitability through life cycle cost and carbon footprint. This initiative is relatively new to the industry. The new insight into life cycle assessment or LCA (especially carbon footprint over the life cycle) integrated with digital twin applications will enable sustainable development that will enhance resilience of metro railway systems globally.

Quantum mechanical systems lose coherence through interacting with external environments—a process known as decoherence. Although decoherence is detrimental for most of the tasks in quantum information processing, a substantial degree of decoherence is crucial for boosting the efficiency of quantum processes, for example, in quantum biology and other open systems. The key to the success in simulating those open quantum systems is therefore the ability of controlling decoherence, instead of eliminating it. Motivated by simulating quantum open systems with Nitrogen-Vacancy centers, which has become an increasingly important platform for quantum information processing tasks, we developed a new set of steering pulse sequences for controlling various coherence times of Nitrogen-Vacancy centers; our method is based on a hybrid approach that exploits ingredients in both digital and analog quantum simulations to dynamically couple or decouple the system with the physical environment. Our numerical simulations, based on experimentally-feasible parameters, indicate that decoherence of Nitrogen-Vacancy centers can be controlled externally to a very large extend.

This system effectively realizes the end-to-end data exchange and the data gathering from each terminal to the Geological Gathering Cloud (GGC). It is accomplished through QuantyML a private synchronization protocol reference SyncML and based on Json. It also provides high precision, high reliable positioning, navigation services to achieve meter level positioning through beidou navigation system and the visual data acquisition UI in the light of the mobile GIS map service technology. System integration and automation of scattered geological entities through the field investigation of the management, to facilitate the detailed description and accurate record of the collection content, provide rich data support for subsequent geological research. This paper introduces the design and realization of Mineral Information Acquisition System (MIAS), emphatically introduces the design principle QuantyML protocol based on Json and its implementation details.