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Tadashi Yamashita,1 Ramon Emilio Daniel Roces,2 Cecilia Ladines-Llave,2 Maria Teresa Reyes Tuliao,3 Mary Wanjira Kamau,4 Chika Yamada,5,6 Yuko Tanaka,7 Kyoko Shimazawa,1 Saori Iwamoto,1 Hiroya Matsuo6 1Kobe City College of Nursing, Kobe, Japan; 2Hospital of Muntinlupa, Muntinlupa, Philippines; 3City Health Office, City Government of Muntinlupa, Muntinlupa, Philippines; 4School of Nursing Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; 5Department of Environment Coexistence, Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; 6Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan; 7Department of School Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, JapanCorrespondence: Tadashi YamashitaKobe City College of Nursing, 3-4 Gakuennishi-Machi, Nishi-Ku, Kobe, 651-2103, JapanTel/Fax +81-78-794-8079Email tadashi_y_kobe@yahoo.co.jpPurpose: The World Health Organization advocates that all pregnant women in areas where anemia is prevalent receive supplements of iron and folic acid. However, owing to a myriad of factors, the uptake of iron and folic acid supplementation (IFAS) is still low in many countries. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the prevalence of IFAS and its associated factors among pregnant women.Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a hospital in Muntinlupa, Philippines, between March and August 2019 among 280 pregnant women. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select participants. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to identify factors associated with the prevalence of IFAS among pregnant women.Results: Among 280 pregnant women, a majority (85.6%, n= 238) took IFAS during pregnancy. Among the respondents, 128 (45.9%) women had knowledge about signs and symptoms of anemia, 126 (45.3%) had knowledge of the benefits associated with IFAS, and 42 (15.4%) had knowledge about side effects associated with IFAS. The main sources of information about IFAS were health care providers (41.8%), followed by community health workers (CHWs) (14.6%). Maternal knowledge concerning IFAS benefits (OR =  2.50, CI =  1.04– 5.97, p=0.04) was positively associated with the prevalence of IFAS.Conclusion: Maternal knowledge about the benefits of taking IFAS was significantly associated with the prevalence of IFAS among pregnant women in Muntinlupa, Philippines. There is a pressing need to improve health education on the benefits of IFAS among pregnant women to increase its prevalence. This emphasizes the necessity of increased involvement of health care providers and CHWs to increase women’s knowledge of IFAS benefits and support them through pregnancy.Keywords: anemia, pregnancy, health education, health care providers, community health workers

A new type of dual spin valve (DSV) structure with enhanced giant magnetoresistance (GMR) ratio is proposed, and the performance is characterized by the prototype read heads. The bottom part of DSV is kept as a synthetic pinned structure and only the top part adopts a monolayer pinned structure. The top monolayer pin DSV (TM-DSV) showed three percentage points higher GMR ratio and 20% higher [DELTA]R value. After the mechanical lapping process, the monolayer pinned layer can be stabilized by not only sense current but also large stress induced anisotropy due to Villari effect. After the quantitative analysis, the induced stress is measured to be about 4.2 x [10.sup.9] N/[m.sup.2]. The bias point was tuned by adjustment of Cu spacer layer thickness using the RKKY interaction between pinned layer and free layer. There is no reliability concern related to the monolayer pinned structure. In a perpendicular magnetic recording system, TM-DSV technology could successfully demonstrate the output of 35.5 mV/[micro]m and ~170 Gbits/[in.sup.2] density feasibility. Index Terms--DSV, monolayer pin, RKKY interaction, stress induced anisotropy, synthetic pin, Villari effect.

The gas cluster ion beam technique has been used to smooth the bottom NiFe magnetic shield for magnetic tunnel junction read heads. This approach allows the production an ultrathin tunneling barrier for magnetic tunnel junction read heads.

Magnetic tunnel junctions are fabricated by using radical oxidation to form an AlOx tunneling barrier. The results are discussed in terms of the E-model based on the field-induced distortion of atomic bonds in the oxide barrier.

A study was conducted to analyze the canting of exchange coupling direction in spin valve supporting different pinned layers. Films were prepared on silicon or AltiC substrates at room temperature by the direct current magnetron sputtering system. Experimental results indicated that the exposure of the the spin valve to heat and magnetic field correlates with increases in cant.

In this work, the frequency response in magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) heads was studied. Both stray capacitance and junction resistance, forming a low-pass-filter, have to be reduced to improve the cutoff frequency in MTJ heads. By employing an Ar gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) process, junctions grown on the magnetic shield show a resistance area product as low as 3.6 [Omega][micro][m.sup.2] and tunneling magneto-resistance over 14%. The dominant capacitance in common lead and shield MTJ heads was found mainly resulting from the shield-to-shield spacing, whose capacitance can be reduced by using an Si[O.sub.2] gap layer instead of [Al.sub.2][O.sub.3] layer and thus leading to an improved frequency response. Simple analysis indicates that a read amplifier design with low impedance could be helpful to realize a high data transfer rate, and a rate of around 800 Mbps for 100 Gbits/[in.sup.2] recording system can be thus expected. Index Terms--Common lead and shield, cut off frequency, data transfer rate, input impedance, magnetic recording/magnetic tunnel junction heads, stray capacitance.

Magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) heads have been successfully fabricated using the free layer as flux guide to prevent electrical short during the definition of the air bearing surface (ABS). For a 6 Gbits/[in.sup.2] design, an output as high as 5740 [micro]Vpp was achieved for 3 mA sense current, and the output waveform was stable and noise free. Noise analysis confirmed that shot noise is prevailing in these MTJ heads, suggesting that the junction resistance has to be further reduced to challenge spin-valve heads in term of signal to noise ratio. Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert simulations showed that for 20 Gbits/[in.sup.2] application, the flux guide height should not exceed 0. [micro]m. Index Terms--Magnetic recording/magnetic tunnel junction heads, front flux guide, shot noise, micromagnetic simulation.

A first attempt to longitudinally bias magnetic tunnel junctions for the application in magnetic read heads is presented. A design wherein the free layers uncovered lateral extensions is a promising candidate since good transfer curves could be simulated using either permanent magnets (PM) or AF slabs, deposited on top of the lateral extensions.

This study aimed to examine the mental health status and related factors among Vietnamese migrants in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted an online cross-sectional survey between September 21 and October 21, 2021. Along with Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scores, we collected data on demographics, changes in socioeconomic status due to the pandemic, language proficiency, social support, and health conditions. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors related to symptoms of depression and anxiety. Among 621 participants who completed the questionnaire, moderate-to-severe symptoms of depression (PHQ-9 score ≥ 10 points) and mild-to-severe symptoms of anxiety (GAD-7 score ≥ 5 points) were observed in 203 (32.7%) and 285 (45.9%) individuals, respectively. Factors related to depressive symptoms were age (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.89-0.99), pre-existing health conditions (95% [CI]=1.61-3.76), and a low subjective socioeconomic status (95% [CI]=1.64-3.71). Factors related to anxiety symptoms were being single (95% [CI]=1.01-2.93), having pre-existing health conditions (95% [CI]=1.63-3.88), subjective socioeconomic status (95% [CI]=1.87-3.97), and absence of a partner to discuss one's health with (95% [CI]=1.11-2.47). Vietnamese migrants in Japan experienced a decrease in income, worsening working conditions, and poor mental health status during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further investigations are necessary to find an effective way to increase their social support and mitigate socioeconomic adversities., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Improving the nutrition of pregnant women is essential in reducing maternal and child mortality, which is one of the global nutritional goals of 2025. This study evaluated the factors related to the quality of dietary intake among pregnant women in Muntinlupa, Philippines. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 280 pregnant women at a hospital in Muntinlupa from March 2019 to August 2019 using questionnaires. After the primary aggregation, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with the quality of dietary intake in pregnant women. Approximately half of the women (46.4%, n = 130) had a low dietary diversity during pregnancy. Less than 30% of the respondents consumed beans, soybean products, and nuts. In the logistic regression analysis, poor maternal knowledge of nutritional sources to prevent anemia (odds ratio (OR) 4.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47-12.32, p = 0.01) and less frequent meal consumption (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.08-4.29, p = 0.03) were significantly associated with poor dietary diversity. Our findings are crucial because they suggest that increasing the knowledge of pregnant women about good nutrition and ensuring that dietary intake is frequent and adequate through antenatal care can improve the nutrition of pregnant women.