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Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a metabolic disorder caused by massive tumor lysis. Hypouricemic agents are administered to prevent TLS-related hyperuricemia and renal failure. We experienced three cases of urine xanthine crystals during TLS in patients with hematologic malignancies who received prophylactic febuxostat. Yellowish and pinkish deposits were observed in urinary tract catheters and urinary bags. Urine microscopy revealed that the deposits were xanthine crystals. In rapid tumor lysis, inhibition of xanthine oxidase can cause xanthine accumulation and urine xanthine crystallization. During TLS, urine xanthine crystals may be overlooked, so careful observation and management are required to avoid xanthine nephropathy.

We encountered a patient with multiple myeloma treated with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) who developed repeated episodes of enteritis but regressed spontaneously. An endoscopic examination revealed no abnormalities, but biopsy specimens showed massive infiltration of CD4+ and Epstein-Barr encoding region (EBER+) abnormal lymphocytes in which a high copy number of Epstein Barr virus (EBV) genomes was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). EBV infection was exclusively detected in CD4+ T-cells, leading to a diagnosis of EBV-positive CD4+ T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD). This case suggests that an immediate biopsy and examinations, including qPCR for EBV DNA, should be considered for patients with recurrent enteritis after autologous HSCT, regardless of endoscopic findings.

Nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE) is a non-ionic surfactant, that is degraded to short-chain NPE and 4-nonylphenol (NP) by bacteria in the environment. NP, one of the most common environmental endocrine disruptors, exhibits weak estrogen-like activity. In this study, we investigated whether oral administration of NP (at 0.5 and 5 mg/kg doses) affects spatial learning and memory, general activity, emotionality, and fear-motivated learning and memory in male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. SD rats of both sexes were evaluated using a battery of behavioral tests, including an appetite-motivated maze test (MAZE test) that was used to assess spatial learning and memory. In the MAZE test, the time required to reach the reward in male rats treated with 0.5 mg/kg NP group and female rats administered 5 mg/kg NP was significantly longer than that for control animals of the corresponding sex. In other behavioral tests, no significant differences were observed between the control group and either of the NP-treated groups of male rats. In female rats, inner and ambulation values for animals administered 0.5 mg/kg NP were significantly higher than those measured in control animals in open-field test, while the latency in the group treated with 5 mg/kg NP was significantly shorter compared to the control group in step-through passive avoidance test. This study indicates that oral administration of a low-dose of NP slightly impairs spatial learning and memory performance in male and female rats, and alters emotionality and fear-motivated learning and memory in female rats only, The Journal of Toxicological Sciences, 40(1), pp.43-53; 2015

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an estrogenic endocrine disruptor used for producing polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. This study investigated the effects of perinatal BPA exposure on learning and memory, general activity, and emotionality in male Sprague Dawley rats using a battery of behavioral tests, including an appetite-motivated maze test (MAZE test) used to assess spatial learning and memory. Mother rats were orally administered BPA (50 or 500 μg・kg-1/day) or vehicle (1 ml・kg-1/day) from gestational day 10 to postnatal day 14. In the MAZE test, compared to the offspring of vehicle-treated rat mothers, male offspring of mothers exposed to 50 μg・kg-1/day of BPA, but not those of mothers exposed to 500 μg・kg-1/day of BPA, needed significantly more time to reach the reward. Although male offspring of mothers exposed to 50 μg・kg-1/day of BPA showed an increase in a behavioral measure of wariness after repeated testing in the open-field test, no significant effects were observed in locomotor activities. No significant differences were observed in any other behavioral test including the elevated plus-maze test. The present study suggests that perinatal exposure to low-dose BPA specifically and non-monotonically impairs spatial learning and memory in male offspring rats., Journal of Pharmacological Sciences, 123(2), pp.132-139; 2013

4-Nonylphenol (NP) has weak estrogen-like activity, and can therefore act as an endocrine disruptor. This study examined the effects of perinatal exposure to low-dose NP on learning and memory, general activity, and emotionality in male rat offspring. Dams were orally administered 1 or 10 mg/kg/day of NP or vehicle from gestational day 10 to postnatal day 14. The male offspring were evaluated using a battery of behavioral tests, including an appetite-motivated maze test (MAZE test) used to assess spatial learning and memory. In the MAZE test, times to reach goal (food) for both groups treated with NP were significantly shorter than those for the control group. In other behavioral tests (the open-field, elevated plus-maze, and step-through passive avoidance tests), NP did not affect any of each behavioral parameter. Thus, this study indicates perinatal exposure to low-dose NP specifically improves spatial learning and memory in male rat offspring.

Toshiaki Sawada, Shinichiro Kawaguchi, Hideo Yamanaka, Hiroyuki Mizuguchi In this paper we show the effectiveness of the idea of affordance in recognizing living space We provide two ways of picking up the affordance. One is“direct research” and the other is “expressive research.” We picked up affordance in a natural park and rice terraces to understand the characteristics of affordance. Then we grouped affordance of rice terraces and make its characteristics clear. As a result, affordance of space is classified into three:“active type”, “senses type” and “relax type”, and these affordance could not be the same by information, time and human experiences. This research tells us that the more people visit rice terraces, the more they have affordance.

The two-step echo integration method has been developed to improve the accuracy of the echo integration method which is the most important acoustic tool to estimate fish abundance. The conventional echo integration method is examined theoretically and practically to reveal the problems inherent in the method. It is shown that the errors caused by noise and unaimed scatterrers are apt to be large and selection of aimed fish echoes is difficult. These short-comings are resolved by appling the two-step echo integration method, which first integrates echoes in small cells and then integrates weighted results of the first integration in a large cell. An echo integrator has been developed to realize this method and the effectiveness of the method is confirmed through application to actual surveys.

In the former paper, the authors described the results of simulation and fundamental ex-periments by using Frequency Diversity method which is a new data processing technique for Acoustic Fish Assessment System. In this paper we discuss the results of real time prediction for Volume Scattering Strength which is measured in a short interval (10 seconds) by using the above equipment. First we assume that Volume Scattering Strength x (t) is a Stationary Auto Regressive Process and predict them by linear combination of the previous setting of order M ?? Next we discuss the Coherency and Frequency Response Function between original data and prediction data in order to estimate the efficiency of prediction in the: Frequency domain. Lastly we define the estimation function such as ?? and discuss relationshlp between e and correlated-width.

In the former paper, the author described the results of simulation and fundamental experiments by using Frequency Diversity Method which is a new data processing technique for Acoustic Fish Assessment System. In this paper, we describe the Statistical Characteristics of Volume Scattering Strength at the Frequency Domain by using the above equipment. The main results obtained are summarized as follows- The Power Spectrum of SV value is concentrated upon low Frequency Band. The distribution of the abundance of fish stocks is divided into two parts by 33°02.0'N line in the square-sea area from 33°01.7'N, 33°02.6'N, 131°55.7'E, 131°47.8'E. SV value which is measured by the sea bottom tracking layer is more conductive to SV value which is measured by the whole layer than the one which is measured by the upper layer. Time Series Analysis is effective against the analysis of the abundance of fish stocks.

過去4カ年間に65歳以上の高齢者を対象とする慢性硬膜下血腫21例を経験したので, その臨床症状と予後について報告する. 対象者の平均年齢は77.1歳で性差は認めない. 本症の既往で大切なのは頭部外傷95%, 高血圧症52%, 糖尿病19%, そして慢性アルコール中毒14%である. 入院前の発症および初発症状を家族から聞くと, 一番多いのは歩行障害43%で (下肢脱力, 半身不全麻痺, 片麻痺), 精神障害及び人格変化24%, 失禁29%, 頭痛24%, 痴呆24%, 意識障害24%, さらに痙攣や目まい5%である. 本院入院前の診断名は脳梗塞43%, 脳動脈硬化症14%, 脳出血14%, 老年痴呆10%そして頭部外傷, 脳腫瘍, 髄膜炎など同じように5%である. 入院前の種々様々な診断名から老齢者において慢性硬膜下血腫を老年痴呆, 脳血管障害, 他の血管系痴呆などと鑑別診断することは極めて難しい. 入院時の主症状は意識障害43%, 精神障害38%, 半身不全麻痺と片麻痺71%, 失禁29%, 頭痛24%, 言語障害24%そして Aphasia が10%である. 瞳孔不同とウッ血乳頭は非常に少なく3%であった. 髄液所見では180mmH2O以上は7例で33%, 120mmH2O以下は8例で38%であった. 髄液蛋白が50ml/dl以上のものは陳旧性脳卒中と脳梗塞の例であった. 脳血管撮影を施行した17例の全例に無血管領野を認めて確定診断ができた. 予後判定は臨床症状とCBFの結果を観察した. CBFの改善を示したのは術後3カ月目であった. 改善が成大に較べて, 老人の本症が遅延するのは, 脳血行障害がすでに存在し, 脳実質圧迫がより少なくても, 脳萎縮もあり, しかも頭蓋内腔の拡大が存在するからである.

This paper presents results of simulation and fundamental experiments by aruminum balles, in order to adopt the Frequency Diversity Method which is a new data processing technique for Acoustic Fish Assessment System. First we denote that the interference component of instantaneous power for received signal decreases effectively to adopt the Frequency Diversity Method. Next we define the estimation function which expresses efficiency quantitatively of Frequency Diversity Method, and denote that interference component decreases more than -6 dB when we use three frequency bands. Lastly we develop the Hydro Ascoustic Fish Assessment System which applies Frequency Diversity Method (using three frequency bands of 45 KHz, 50 KHz, and 55 KHz). The results show that the received signals using aruminum balles (15mm, 30mm, 50mm) are good approximate to the value of simulation.

著者らは当院で過去5年間に生前脳スキャンを受け, のち剖検され, その病理組織像が明らかにされている62例 (脳硬塞55・脳出血7) を対象とし, retrospective study を行い脳スキャンによるCVDの予後判定が可能かどうかを予後の違いによるグループ別に, 脳スキャン陽性度, 陽性病巣サイズ, 病巣部位について検討した. CVD発症後1カ月以内, 2カ月目～6カ月, 7カ月目～12カ月, 2年目以上に死亡した例を各々1群 (6例), 2群 (28例), 3群 (12例), 4群 (16例) とした.脳硬塞においては陽性症例は55%, 陽性スキャン頻度は58%, 経過観察平均スキャン回数は1.5回, 陽性度平均は1.9±1.2度, 陽性サイズ平均5.9±3.2cmであった. 脳出血においては上記の順に夫々43%, 44%, 1.3回, 1.7±1.1度, 6.5±1.7cmの結果であり陽性サイズのみ脳硬塞より高い値を示した.脳硬塞例では発症5カ月後迄が陽性期であり陽性度よりみると発症後4週目に陽性ピークがあった. 脳スキャン陽性度平均は第1群で2.3±1.1, 第2群で2.3±1.2, 第3群1.7±1.0, 第4群で1.3±1.1度と差がみられた. 即ち脳スキャン陽性度平均と予後の長短は相関が認められた. 予後の悪い第1群, 第2群では最初から高い陽性度を示し予後のよい第4群では急速な陰性化を示すことが特長的であった. しかし4群別に検討した経時的陽性度平均の最大値は上記の順に3.0, 3.2, 2.7 3.0度と差はみられなかった. 陽性スキャンの頻度は上記の順に各々75, 68, 68, 33%であった. 陽性病巣サイズ平均は上記の順に各々7.0±5.0, 6.8±3.7, 4.8±1.4, 5.1±2.1cmと重症例程陽性病巣サイズが大きい傾向はみられたがSDが大きく平均値による検討は意味付けが難しかった. 陽性度と陽性サイズに相関があるかどうかを検討した所, 両者の相関はなく陽性度と病巣の大きさの持つ臨床的意義は別である事が分った.

Marked accumulation in lung and liver of intravenously--injected 99mTc-microaggregated human serum albumin (liver imaging agent) was observed in rats pretreated with the subcutaneous injection of microaggregated or macroaggregated human serum albumin, whereas accumulation of 99mTc-microaggregated human serum albumin was observed only in the liver of rats pretreated with plain human serum albumin or in non-treated control rats. The activity of the intravenously-administered 99mTc-sulfur colloid was concentrated in the liver and spleen only and not in the lung, of rats previously treated with human serum albumin, microaggregated human serum albumin, or macroaggregated human serum albumin. These observations suggest that the specific accumulation of microaggregated human serum albumin in the lung of rats pretreated with aggregated albumin is due to rapid in vivo clumping of injected particles, possibly due to antigen-antibody reaction.

In 9 of 112 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) examined by selective celiac and hepatic arteriography, an unusual finding, the “thread and streaks” sign, was observed. It began to appear shortly after the start of injection and was most clearly seen at 3.0–3.5 seconds. Histopathologic and radiographic studies of excised livers have demonstrated that these thin streaks correspond to the blood spaces and vessels which run longitudinally in and around a tumor cast growing in a large branch and trunk of the portal vein.