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In recent years, quantum computing has evolved as an exciting frontier, with the development of numerous algorithms dedicated to constructing quantum circuits that adeptly represent quantum many-body states. However, this domain remains in its early stages and requires further refinement to understand better the effective construction of highly-entangled quantum states within quantum circuits. Here, we demonstrate that quantum many-body states can be universally represented using a quantum circuit comprising multi-qubit gates. Furthermore, we evaluate the efficiency of a quantum circuit constructed with two-qubit gates in quench dynamics for the transverse-field Ising model. In this specific model, despite the initial state being classical without entanglement, it undergoes long-time evolution, eventually leading to a highly-entangled quantum state. Our results reveal that a diamond-shaped quantum circuit, designed to approximate the multi-qubit gate-based quantum circuit, remarkably excels in accurately representing the long-time dynamics of the system. Moreover, the diamond-shaped circuit follows the volume law behavior in entanglement entropy, offering a significant advantage over alternative quantum circuit constructions employing two-qubit gates., Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures

We adapt the block-Lanczos density-matrix renormalization-group technique to study the spin transport in a spin chain coupled to two non-interacting fermionic leads. As an example, we consider leads described by two-dimensional tight-binding models on a square lattice. Although the simulations are carried out using a chain representation of the leads, observables in the original two-dimensional lattice can be calculated by reversing the block-Lanczos transformation. This is demonstrated for leads with Rashba spin-orbit coupling., Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, final version

In this study, we systematically investigate 3D momentum($\hbar k$)-resolved electronic structures of Ruddlesden-Popper-type iridium oxides Sr$_{n+1}$Ir$_n$O$_{3n+1}$ using soft-x-ray (SX) angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). Our results provide direct evidence of an insulator-to-metal transition that occurs upon increasing the dimensionality of the IrO$_2$-plane structure. This transition occurs when the spin-orbit-coupled $j_{\rm eff}$=1/2 band changes its behavior in the dispersion relation and moves across the Fermi energy. In addition, an emerging band along the $\Gamma$(0,0,0)-R($\pi$,$\pi$,$\pi$) direction is found to play a crucial role in the metallic characteristics of SrIrO$_3$. By scanning the photon energy over 350 eV, we reveal the 3D Fermi surface in SrIrO$_3$ and $k_z$-dependent oscillations of photoelectron intensity in Sr$_3$Ir$_2$O$_7$. In contrast to previously reported results obtained using low-energy photons, folded bands derived from lattice distortions and/or magnetic ordering make significantly weak (but finite) contributions to the $k$-resolved photoemission spectrum. At the first glance, this leads to the ambiguous result that the observed $k$-space topology is consistent with the unfolded Brillouin zone (BZ) picture derived from a non-realistic simple square or cubic Ir lattice. Through careful analysis, we determine that a superposition of the folded and unfolded band structures has been observed in the ARPES spectra obtained using photons in both ultraviolet and SX regions. To corroborate the physics deduced using low-energy ARPES studies, we propose to utilize SX-ARPES as a powerful complementary technique, as this method surveys more than one whole BZ and provides a panoramic view of electronic structures., Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures, 4 tables

We calculate the charge and spin Drude weight of the one-dimensional extended Hubbard model with on-site repulsion $U$ and nearest-neighbor repulsion $V$ at quarter filling using the density-matrix renormalization group method combined with a variational principle. Our numerical results for the Hubbard model (V=0) agree with exact results obtained from the Bethe ansatz solution. We obtain the contour map for both Drude weights in the $UV$-parameter space for repulsive interactions. We find that the charge Drude weight is discontinuous across the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition between the Luttinger liquid and the charge-density-wave insulator, while the spin Drude weight varies smoothly and remains finite in both phases. Our results can be generally understood using bosonization and renormalization group results. The finite-size scaling of the charge Drude weight is well fitted by a polynomial function of the inverse system size in the metallic region. In the insulating region we find an exponential decay of the finite-size corrections with the system size and a universal relation between the charge gap $\Delta_c$ and the correlation length $\xi$ which controls this exponential decay., Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures

We study the one-dimensional Anderson-Hubbard model using the density-matrix renormalization group method. The influence of disorder on the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid behavior is quantitatively discussed. Based on the finite-size scaling analysis of density-density correlation functions, we find the following results: i) the charge exponent is significantly reduced by disorder at low filling and near half filling, ii) the localization length decays as $\xi \sim \Delta^{-2}$, where $\Delta$ is the disorder strength, independently of the on-site Coulomb interaction as well as band filling, and iii) the localization length is strongly suppressed by the on-site Coulomb interaction near half filling in association with the formation of the Mott plateaus., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures

Using an exact diagonalization technique on small clusters, we study spin and density excitations of the triangular-lattice $t$-$J$ model with multiple-spin exchange interactions, whereby we consider anomalous properties observed in the doped Mott region of the two-dimensional liquid $^3$He adsorbed on a graphite surface. We find that the double-peak structure consistent with experiment appears in the calculated temperature dependence of the specific heat; the low-temperature sharp peak comes from the spin excitations reflecting the frustrated nature of the spin degrees of freedom and high-temperature broad peak comes from the density excitations extending over the entire band width. The clear separation in their energy scales is evident in the calculated spin and density excitation spectra. The calculated single-particle excitation spectra suggest the presence of fermionic quasiparticles dressed by the spin excitations, with an enhanced effective mass consistent with experiment., Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures

The variational cluster approach (VCA) based on the self-energy functional theory is applied to the two-dimensional symmetric periodic Anderson model at half filling. We calculate a variety of physical quantities including the staggered moments and single-particle spectra at zero temperature to show that the symmetry breaking due to antiferromagnetic ordering occurs in the strong coupling region, whereas in the weak coupling region, the Kondo insulating state without symmetry breaking is realized. The critical interaction strength is estimated. We thus demonstrate that the phase transition due to competition between antiferromagnetism and Kondo screening in the model can be described quantitatively by VCA., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

We study the ground-state properties of the double-chain Hubbard model coupled with ferromagnetic exchange interaction by using the weak-coupling theory, density-matrix renormalization group technique, and Lanczos exact-diagonalization method. We determine the ground-state phase diagram in the parameter space of the ferromagnetic exchange interaction and band filling. We find that, in high electron density regime, the spin gap opens and the spin-singlet $d_{xy}$-wave-like pairing correlation is most dominant, whereas in low electron density regime, the fully-polarized ferromagnetic state is stabilized where the spin-triplet $p_{y}$-wave-like pairing correlation is most dominant., Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures

We consider electronic properties of hollandite vanadate K$_2$V$_8$O$_{16}$, a one-dimensional zigzag-chain system of $t_{2g}$ orbitals in a mixed valent state. We first calculate the Madelung energy and obtain the relative stability of several charge-ordering patterns to determine the most stable one that is consistent with the observed superlattice structure. We then develop the strong-coupling perturbation theory to derive the effective spin-orbit Hamiltonian, starting from the triply-degenerate $t_{2g}$ orbitals in the VO$_6$ octahedral structure. We apply an exact-diagonalization technique on small clusters of this Hamiltonian and obtain the orbital-ordering pattern and spin structures in the ground state. We thereby discuss the electronic and magnetic properties of K$_2$V$_8$O$_{16}$ including predictions on the outcome of future experimental studies., Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures

The dynamical density-matrix renormalization group technique is used to calculate spin and charge excitation spectra in the one-dimensional (1D) Hubbard model at quarter filling with nearest-neighbor $t$ and next-nearest-neighbor $t'$ hopping integrals. We consider a case where $t$ ($>0$) is much smaller than $t'$ ($>0$). We find that the spin and charge excitation spectra come from the two nearly independent $t'$-chains and are basically the same as those of the 1D Hubbard (and t-J) chain at quarter filling. However, we find that the hopping integral $t$ plays a crucial role in the short-range spin and charge correlations; i.e., the ferromagnetic spin correlations between electrons on the neighboring sites is enhanced and simultaneously the spin-triplet pairing correlations is induced, of which the consequences are clearly seen in the calculated spin and charge excitation spectra at low energies., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PRB

We consider superconductivity in boron (B) doped diamond using a simplified model for the valence band of diamond. We treat the effects of substitutional disorder of B ions by the coherent potential approximation (CPA) and those of the attractive force between holes by the ladder approximation under the assumption of instantaneous interaction with the Debye cutoff. We thereby calculate the quasiparticle life time, the evolution of the single-particle spectra due to doping, and the effect of disorder on the superconducting critical temperature $T_c$. We in particular compare our results with those for supercell calculations to see the role of disorder, which turns out to be of crucial importance to $T_c$., Comment: 9 pages, 13 figures, submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., Errors in embedded eps figure files have been corrected

The density-matrix renormalization group method is used to study the ground state of the two-chain zigzag-bond Hubbard model at quarter filling. We show that, with a proper choice of the signs of hopping integrals, the ring exchange mechanism yields ferromagnetic spin correlations between interchain neighboring sites, and produces the attractive interaction between electrons as well as the long-range pair correlations in the spin-triplet channel, thereby leading the system to triplet superconductivity. We argue that this novel mechanism may have possible relevance to observed superconductivity in Bechgaard salts.

We present results of a high statistics calculation of hadron masses and meson decay constants in the quenched approximation to lattice QCD with Wilson quarks at $\beta=$ 5.85 and 6.0 on $24^3 \times 54$ lattices. We analyze the data paying attention in particular to the systematic errors due to the choice of fitting range and due to the contamination from excited states. We find that the systematic errors for the hadron masses with quarks lighter than the strange quark amount to 1 --- 2 times the statistical errors. When the lattice scale is fixed from the $\rho$ meson mass, the masses of the $\Omega^{-}$ baryon and the $\phi$ meson at two $\beta$'s agree with experiment within about one standard deviation. On the other hand, the central value of the nucleon mass at $\beta=6.0$ (5.85) is larger than its experimental value by about 15\% (20\%) and that of the $\Delta$ mass by about 15\% (4\%): Even when the systematic errors are included, the baryon masses at $\beta=6.0$ do not agree with experiment. Vector meson decay constants at two values of $\beta$ agree well with each other and are consistent with experiment for a wide range of the quark mass, when we use current renormalization constants determined nonperturbatively by numerical simulations. The pion decay constant agrees with experiment albeit with large errors. Results for the masses of excited states of the $\rho$ meson and the nucleon are also presented., Comment: 50 pages, 30 figures

We present the results for the hadron spectrum calculated on 400 configurations using point source, wall source and 8-cubic sources, in quenched QCD with Wilson fermions at $\beta=6.0$ and $K=0.155$ on a $24^3 \times 54$ lattice. The results for the ground state masses obtained with three types of quark sources agree well with each other. Masses of the first excited states appear consistent with experimental values within large errors., Comment: 3 pages, 2 postscript figures, to appear in the Proceedings of LATTICE 93, Dallas, USA; preprint UTHEP-267

Quenched QCD hadron spectrum is calculated with Wilson's quark action at $\beta=5.85$ and 6.0 on a $24^3 \times 54$ lattice. We discuss the problem of whether we have extracted the mass of the ground state at these $\beta$'s without contamination of the excited states. We show that the masses of the first excited states turn out to be consistent with experiment when we are able to obtain the propagators up to the large time slice region where the propagators take the asymptotic forms of the ground states., Comment: talk by T.Yoshie at Lattice '92, Amsterdam, 4 pages, 6 postscript figures, preprint UTHEP-246