41 results on '"Shishkina EA"'
Search Results
2. Computational phantom for red bone marrow dosimetry from incorporated beta emitters in a newborn baby
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Sharagin, PA, primary, Shishkina, EA, additional, and Tolstykh, EI, additional
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- 2022
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3. The circadian characteristics of arterial blood pressure in patients with acid-related diseases and arterial hypertension
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Shishkina Ea, Kalashnikova Tr, Tuev Av, Spasenkov Gn, Naumov Sa, and Khlinova Ov
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medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Esophagogastroduodenoscopy ,Diastole ,Blood pressure ,Bp monitoring ,Internal medicine ,Cardiology ,Medicine ,In patient ,Co morbidity ,Circadian rhythm ,business ,Morning - Abstract
Background Atpresentthecomorbidityof arterial hypertension AH and acid related diseases ARD still is of undoubted interest because of their high incidence and social importance Aim The aim of our study was to present the circadian characteristics of arterial blood pressure ABP in patients with AH associated with ARD Materials and Methods a total of males aged to yearswere included into a study Among them patients had associated course of AH and ARD patients suffered with isolated AH hours blood pressure BP monitoring and esophagogastroduodenoscopy were performed to verify the diagnosis Results and Discussion Patients with associated course of AH and ARD were found to have the specific features in circadian BP profile The co morbid patients were characterized with significant lower hypertensive indices excessive night BP decrease and significant increase in morning speed of systolic and diastolic BP rise which is considered to benegativeforfurtherclinicaloutcomes Conclusion The co morbidity of ARD and AH can exacerbate the clinical course of AH and increase the cardiovascular risks in patients with associative diseases
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- 2018
4. Uncertainty of stochastic parametric approach to bone marrow dosimetry of 89,90 Sr.
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Shishkina EA, Sharagin PA, Tolstykh EI, Smith MA, Napier BA, and Degteva MO
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The objective of this study is to evaluate the uncertainties of the dosimetric modeling of active marrow (AM) exposure from bone-seeking
89,90 Sr. The stochastic parametric skeletal dosimetry (SPSD) model was specifically developed to study the long-term effects resulting from chronic89,90 Sr exposure in populations of the radioactively contaminated territories of the Southern Urals region of the Russian Federation. The method permits the evaluation of the dose factors ( DF(AM ← TBV) and DF(AM ← CBV)) , which convert the radionuclide activity concentration in trabecular ( TBV ) and cortical ( CBV ) bone volumes into dose rate in the AM , and their uncertainties. The sources of uncertainty can be subdivided into inherent uncertainties related to the individual variability of the simulated objects and introduced uncertainties related to model simplifications. Inherent uncertainty components are the individual variability of bone chemical composition, bone density, bone micro- and macro-architecture as well as AM distribution within the skeleton. The introduced uncertainties may result from the stylization of bone segment geometry, assumption of uniform cortical thickness, restriction of bone geometry and the selection of the applied voxel resolution. The inherent uncertainty depends on a number of factors of influence. Foremost, it is the result of variability of AM distribution within the skeleton. Another important factor is the variability of bone micro- and macro-architecture. The inherent uncertainty of skeletal-average dose factors was found to be about 40-50%. The introduced uncertainty associated with the SPSD model approach does not exceed 16% and mainly depends on the error of bone-shape stylization. The overall inherent and introduced uncertainties of DF(AM ← TBV) and DF(AM ← CBV) are below 55% and 63%, respectively. The results obtained will be incorporated into the stochastic version of the Techa River Dosimetry System (TRDS-2016MC) that provides multiple realizations of the annual doses for each cohort member to obtain both a central estimate of the individual dose and information on the dose uncertainty., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)- Published
- 2024
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5. EPR-based uncertainty validation of the calculated external doses for population exposed in the urals region.
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Shishkina EA, Degteva MO, and Napier BA
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- Humans, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, Retrospective Studies, Uncertainty, Rivers
- Abstract
Tooth enamel Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used as a method for external dosimetry in the territories contaminated in the 1950s by PA 'Mayak' (Urals region) to validate the mean dose estimates predicted by the Techa River Dosimetry System (TRDS). The purpose of this study is to validate the uncertainties of TRDS doses. Ninety percent confidence intervals (90% confidence interval, CI) of dose estimated with both methods were compared for 220 people. All data were grouped according to the width of 90%CI, viz.: (1) 90%CI of EPR-based dose ≤ 90%CI of TRDS prediction (38 cases); (2) 90%CI of EPR-based dose > 90%CI of TRDS prediction (182 cases). About 91% of 90%CIs overlap. In group 1, 100% cases overlap. In group 2, 80% of the cases were non-contradictive (the calculated 90%CI is completely within the measured one). Interval comparison of doses predicted retrospectively and estimated based on individual measurements are non-contradictory and demonstrate a good agreement., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press.)
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- 2023
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6. Dose estimates and their uncertainties for use in epidemiological studies of radiation-exposed populations in the Russian Southern Urals.
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Shishkina EA, Napier BA, Preston DL, and Degteva MO
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- Humans, Uncertainty, Epidemiologic Studies, Russia, Strontium Radioisotopes, Water Pollutants, Radioactive analysis
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Many residents of the Russian Southern Urals were exposed to radioactive environmental pollution created by the operations of the Mayak Production Association in the mid- 20th century. There were two major releases: the discharge of about 1x1017 Bq of liquid waste into the Techa River between 1949 and 1959; and the atmospheric release of 7.4 * 1016 Bq as a result an explosion in the radioactive waste-storage facility in 1957. The releases into the Techa River resulted in the exposure of more than 30,000 people who lived in riverside villages between 1950 and 1961. The 1957 accident contaminated a larger area with the highest exposure levels in an area that is called the East Urals Radioactive Trace (EURT). Current epidemiologic studies of the exposed populations are based on dose estimates obtained using a Monte-Carlo dosimetry system (TRDS-2016MC) that provides multiple realizations of the annual doses for each cohort member. These dose realizations provide a central estimate of the individual dose and information on the uncertainty of these dose estimates. In addition, the correlation of individual annual doses over realizations provides important information on shared uncertainties that can be used to assess the impact of shared dose uncertainties on risk estimate uncertainty.This paper considers dose uncertainties in the TRDS-2016MC. Individual doses from external and internal radiation sources were reconstructed for 48,036 people based on environmental contamination patterns, residential histories, individual 90Sr body-burden measurements and dietary intakes. Dietary intake of 90Sr resulted in doses accumulated in active bone marrow (or simply, marrow) that were an order of magnitude greater than those in soft tissues. About 84% of the marrow dose and 50% of the stomach dose was associated with internal exposures. The lognormal distribution is well-fitted to the individual dose realizations, which, therefore, could be expressed and easily operated in terms of geometric mean (GM) and geometric standard deviation (GSD). Cohort average GM for marrow and stomach cumulative doses are 0.21 and 0.03 Gy, respectively. Cohort average dose uncertainties in terms of GSD are as follows: for marrow it is 2.93 (90%CI: 2.02-4.34); for stomach and the other non-calcified tissues it is 2.32 (90% CI: 1.78-2.9)., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2023 Shishkina et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
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- 2023
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7. Fish otoliths as biological dosimeter: internal dose calculation.
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Shishkina EA, Ivanov DV, Biryukhova UD, Pryakhin EA, and Tryapitsina GA
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- Animals, Strontium Radioisotopes analysis, Hydroxyapatites analysis, Water, Otolithic Membrane, Radiation Dosimeters
- Abstract
Otoliths are organs used by fish for hearing and keeping balance. They consist of biogenic crystals of hydroxyapatite and do not contain any living cells. Upon exposure to ionizing radiation, otolith hydroxyapatite accumulates radiation-induced stable CO
2 - radicals whose amount is proportional to absorbed dose. In electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosimetry, carbonate ions are registered and, hence, the total accumulated dose in the fish otolith can be quantified. Therefore, otoliths can be used as individual fish dosimeters to support radiobiological and radioecological studies. An important aspect of otolith-based EPR dosimetry on fish from contaminated water bodies is the potential presence of bone-seeking90 Sr. Consequently, cumulative absorbed doses measured with EPR in otoliths may reflect the superposition of internal exposure to90 Sr/90 Y and external exposure due to radionuclides circulating in soft tissue of the fish as well as due to environmental contamination. The objective of the present study was to develop a method that allows for an assessment of the contribution of90 Sr to the total dose in otolith. The method has been tested using otoliths from seven fish taken from reservoirs located in the Southern Urals contaminated with radionuclides including90 Sr. It has been shown that dose to otoliths is largely determined by90 Sr in the hydroxyapatite. The internal dose component can be calculated using activity concentration-to-dose conversion factors, which vary slightly in the range of 2.0-2.8 × 10-3 Gy year-1 per Bq g-1 depending on fish species and age. Internal doses to fish from water bodies with different levels of90 Sr contamination were calculated in the range from 2 mGy to ~ 200 Gy. External dose contribution was derived for two fish only to be about 100 and 40 Gy. It is concluded that EPR dosimetry on fish otoliths is a promising tool when external exposure prevails or is comparable to internal exposure due to90 Sr., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2023
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8. [The impact of BMI on the course of the acute SARS-COV-2 infection and the risks that emerge during the first year after the hospital discharge. Subanalysis evidence of the AKTIV and AKTIV 2 registries].
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Arutyunov AG, Tarlovskaya EI, Galstyan GR, Batluk TI, Bashkinov RA, Arutyunov GG, Belenkov YN, Konradi AO, Lopatin YM, Rebrov AP, Tereshchenko SN, Chesnikova AI, Hayrapetyan HG, Babin AP, Bakulin IG, Bakulina NV, Balykova LA, Blagonravova AS, Boldina MV, Butomo MI, Vaisberg AR, Galyavich AS, Gomonova VV, Grigoryeva NY, Gubareva IV, Demko IV, Evzerikhina AV, Zharkov AV, Zateishchikova AA, Kamilova UK, Kim ZF, Kuznetsova TY, Kulikov AN, Lareva NAV, Makarova EV, Malchikova SV, Nedogoda SV, Petrova MM, Pochinka IG, Protasov KV, Protsenko DN, Ruzanov DY, Saiganov SA, Sarybaev AS, Selezneva NM, Sugraliev AB, Fomin IV, Khlynova OV, Chizhova OY, Shaposhnik II, Schukarev DA, Abdrakhmanova AK, Avetisyan SA, Avoyan HG, Azaryan KK, Aimakhanova GT, Ayypova DA, Akunov AC, Alieva MK, Almukhambedova AR, Aparkina AV, Aruslanova OR, Ashina EY, Badina ONY, Barysheva OY, Batchaeva AS, Bitieva AM, Bikhteev IU, Borodulina NA, Bragin MV, Brazhnik VA, Budu AM, Bykova GA, Vagapova KR, Varlamova DD, Vezikova NN, Verbitskaya EA, Vilkova OE, Vinnikova EA, Vustina VV, Galova EA, Genkel VV, Giller DB, Gorshenina EI, Grigoryeva EV, Gubareva EY, Dabylova GM, Demchenko AI, Dolgikh OY, Duishobaev MY, Evdokimov DS, Egorova KE, Ermilova AN, Zheldybaeva AE, Zarechnova NV, Zimina YD, Ivanova SY, Ivanchenko EY, Ilina MV, Kazakovtseva MV, Kazymova EV, Kalinina YS, Kamardina NA, Karachenova AM, Karetnikov IA, Karoli NA, Karsiev MK, Kaskaeva DS, Kasymova KF, Kerimbekova ZB, Kim ES, Kiseleva NV, Klimenko DA, Klimova AV, Kovalishena OV, Kozlov SV, Kolmakova EV, Kolchinskaya TP, Kolyadich MI, Kondryakova OV, Konoval MP, Konstantinov DY, Konstantinova EA, Kordyukova VA, Koroleva EV, Kraposhina AY, Kryukova TV, Kuznetsova AS, Kuzmina TY, Kuzmichev KV, Kulchoroeva CK, Kuprina TV, Kuranova IAM, Kurenkova LVV, Kurchugina NY, Kushubakova NA, Levankova VI, Ledyaeva AA, Lisun TV, Lisyanskaya VE, Lyubavina NA, Magdeeva NA, Mazalov KV, Mayseenko VI, Makarova AS, Maripov AM, Markov NV, Marusina AA, Melnikov ES, Metlinskaya AI, Moiseenko NB, Muradova FN, Muradyan RG, Musaelyan SN, Nekaeva ES, Nikitina NM, Nifontov SE, Obolentseva EY, Obukhova AA, Ogurlieva BB, Odegova AA, Omarova YV, Omurzakova NA, Ospanova SO, Pavlova VA, Pakhomova EVP, Petrov LD, Plastinina SS, Platonov DA, Pogrebetskaya VAA, Polyakov DV, Polyakov DS, Ponomarenko EEV, Popova LL, Potanin AA, Prokofieva NA, Rabik YD, Rakov NA, Rakhimov AN, Rozanova NA, Samus IV, Serikbolkyzy S, Sidorkina YA, Simonov AA, Skachkova VV, Skvortsova RD, Skuridin DS, Solovieva DV, Solovieva IA, Sukhomlinova IM, Sushilova AG, Tagaeva DR, Titoykina YV, Tikhonova EP, Tokmin DS, Tolmacheva AA, Torgunakova MS, Trenogina KV, Trostyanetskaya NAA, Trofimov DA, Trubnikova MA, Tulichev AA, Tursunova AT, Ulanova ND, Fatenkov OV, Fedorishina OV, Fil TS, Fomina IY, Fominova IS, Frolova IA, Tsvinger SM, Tsoma VV, Cholponbaeva MB, Chudinovskikh TSI, Shavrin IV, Shevchenko OA, Shikhaliev DR, Shishkina EA, Shishkov KY, Shcherbakov SY, Shcherbakova GV, and Yausheva EA
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- Humans, Middle Aged, SARS-CoV-2, Body Mass Index, Patient Discharge, Overweight, Hospitals, Obesity, COVID-19
- Abstract
Background: There is enough evidence of the negative impact of excess weight on the formation and progression of res piratory pathology. Given the continuing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, it is relevant to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the clinical features of the novel coronavirus infection (NCI)., Aim: To study the effect of BMI on the course of the acute SARS-COV-2 infection and the post-covid period., Materials and Methods: AKTIV and AKTIV 2 are multicenter non-interventional real-world registers. The АКТИВ registry (n=6396) includes non-overlapping outpatient and inpatient arms with 6 visits in each. The АКТИВ 2 registry (n=2968) collected the data of hospitalized patients and included 3 visits. All subjects were divided into 3 groups: not overweight (n=2139), overweight (n=2931) and obese (n=2666)., Results: A higher BMI was significantly associated with a more severe course of the infection in the form of acute kidney injury (p=0.018), cytokine storm (p<0.001), serum C-reactive protein over 100 mg/l (p<0.001), and the need for targeted therapy (p<0.001) in the hospitalized patients. Obesity increased the odds of myocarditis by 1,84 times (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1,13-3,00) and the need for anticytokine therapy by 1,7 times (95% CI: 1,30-2,30).The patients with the 1st and 2nd degree obesity, undergoing the inpatient treatment, tended to have a higher probability of a mortality rate. While in case of morbid obesity patients this tendency is the most significant (odds ratio - 1,78; 95% CI: 1,13-2,70). At the same time, the patients whose chronical diseases first appeared after the convalescence period, and those who had certain complaints missing before SARS-CoV-2 infection, more often had BMI of more than 30 kg/m2 (p<0,001).Additionally, the odds of death increased by 2,23 times (95% CI: 1,05-4,72) within 3 months after recovery in obese people over the age of 60 yearsCONCLUSION. Overweight and/or obesity is a significant risk factor for severe course of the new coronavirus infection and the associated cardiovascular and kidney damage Overweight people and patients with the 1st and 2nd degree obesity tend to have a high risk of death of SARS-CoV-2 infection in both acute and post-covid periods. On top of that, in case of morbid obesity patients this tendency is statistically significant. Normalization of body weight is a strategic objective of modern medicine and can contribute to prevention of respiratory conditions, severe course and complications of the new coronavirus infection.
- Published
- 2023
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9. [ACTIV SARS-CoV-2 registry (Analysis of Chronic Non-infectious Diseases Dynamics After COVID-19 Infection in Adult Patients). Assessment of impact of combined original comorbid diseases in patients with COVID-19 on the prognosis].
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Arutyunov GP, Tarlovskaya EI, Arutyunov AG, Belenkov YN, Konradi AO, Lopatin YM, Rebrov AP, Tereshchenko SN, Chesnikova AI, Hayrapetyan HG, Babin AP, Bakulin IG, Bakulina NV, Balykova LA, Blagonravova AS, Boldina MV, Vaisberg AR, Galyavich AS, Gomonova VV, Grigorieva NY, Gubareva IV, Demko IV, Evzerikhina AV, Zharkov AV, Kamilova UK, Kim ZF, Kuznetsova TY, Lareva NV, Makarova EV, Malchikova SV, Nedogoda SV, Petrova MM, Pochinka IG, Protasov KV, Protsenko DN, Ruzanau DY, Sayganov SA, Sarybaev AS, Selezneva NM, Sugraliev AB, Fomin IV, Khlynova OV, Chizhova OY, Shaposhnik II, Sh'ukarev DA, Abdrahmanova АK, Avetisian SA, Avoyan HG, Azarian KK, Aimakhanova GT, Ayipova DA, Akunov AC, Alieva MK, Aparkina AV, Aruslanova OR, Ashina EY, Badina OY, Barisheva OY, Batchayeva AS, Bitieva AM, Bikhteyev IU, Borodulina NA, Bragin MV, Budu AM, Bykova GM, Vagapova KR, Varlamova DD, Vezikova NN, Verbitskaya EA, Vilkova OE, Vinnikova EA, Vustina VV, Galova EA, Genkel VV, Gorshenina EI, Gostishev RV, Grigorieva EV, Gubareva EY, Dabylova GM, Demchenko AI, Dolgikh OY, Duyshobayev MY, Evdokimov DS, Egorova KE, Ermilova AN, Zheldybayeva AE, Zarechnova NV, Zimina YD, Ivanova SY, Ivanchenko EY, Ilina MV, Kazakovtseva MV, Kazymova EV, Kalinina YS, Kamardina NA, Karachenova AM, Karetnikov IA, Karoli NA, Karsiev MK, Кaskaeva DS, Kasymova KF, Kerimbekova ZB, Kerimova AS, Kim ES, Kiseleva NV, Klimenko DA, Klimova AV, Kovalishena OV, Kolmakova EV, Kolchinskaya TP, Kolyadich MI, Kondriakova OV, Konoval MP, Konstantinov DY, Konstantinova EA, Kordukova VA, Koroleva EV, Kraposhina AY, Kriukova TV, Kuznetsova AS, Kuzmina TY, Kuzmichev KV, Kulchoroevna CK, Kuprina TV, Kouranova IM, Kurenkova LV, Kurchugina NY, Kushubakova NA, Levankova VI, Lyubavina NA, Magdeyeva NA, Mazalov KV, Majseenko VI, Makarova AS, Maripov AM, Marusina AA, Melnikov ES, Moiseenko NB, Muradova FN, Muradyan RG, Musaelian SN, Myshak AO, Nekaeva ES, Nikitina NM, Ogurlieva BB, Odegova AA, Omarova YV, Omurzakova NA, Ospanova SO, Pahomova EV, Petrov LD, Plastinina SS, Pogrebetskaya VA, Polyakov DS, Ponomarenko EV, Popova LL, Prokofeva NA, Pudova IA, Rakov NA, Rahimov AN, Rozanova NA, Serikbolkyzy S, Simonov AA, Skachkova VV, Soloveva DV, Soloveva IA, Subbotin AK, Sukhomlinova IM, Sushilova AG, Tagayeva DR, Titojkina YV, Tikhonova EP, Tokmin DS, Tolmacheva AA, Torgunakova MS, Trenogina KV, Trostianetckaia NA, Trofimov DA, Tulichev AA, Tursunova AT, Ulanova ND, Fatenkov OV, Fedorishina OV, Fil TS, Fomina IY, Fominova IS, Frolova IA, Tsvinger SM, Tsoma VV, Cholponbaeva MB, Chudinovskikh TI, Shevchenko OA, Sheshina TV, Shishkina EA, Shishkov KY, Sherbakov SY, and Yausheva EA
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- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Chronic Disease, Prognosis, Registries, SARS-CoV-2, Cardiovascular Diseases diagnosis, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Cardiovascular Diseases etiology, Coronary Disease, COVID-19 diagnosis, COVID-19 epidemiology, Diabetes Mellitus, Heart Failure, Hypertension diagnosis, Hypertension epidemiology, Noncommunicable Diseases
- Abstract
Aim: Study the impact of various combinations of comorbid original diseases in patients infected with COVID-19 later on the disease progression and outcomes of the new coronavirus infection., Materials and Methods: The ACTIV registry was created on the Eurasian Association of Therapists initiative. 5,808 patients have been included in the registry: men and women with COVID-19 treated at hospital or at home., Clinicaltrials: gov ID NCT04492384., Results: Most patients with COVID-19 have original comorbid diseases (oCDs). Polymorbidity assessed by way of simple counting of oCDs is an independent factor in negative outcomes of COVID-19. Search for most frequent combinations of 2, 3 and 4 oCDs has revealed absolute domination of cardiovascular diseases (all possible variants). The most unfavorable combination of 2 oCDs includes atrial hypertension (AH) and chronic heart failure (CHF). The most unfavorable combination of 3 oCDs includes AH, coronary heart disease (CHD) and CHF; the worst combination of 4 oCDs includes AH, CHD, CHF and diabetes mellitus. Such combinations increased the risk of lethal outcomes 3.963, 4.082 and 4.215 times respectively., Conclusion: Polymorbidity determined by way of simple counting of diseases may be estimated as a factor in the lethal outcome risk in the acute phase of COVID-19 in real practice. Most frequent combinations of 2, 3 and 4 diseases in patients with COVID-19 primarily include cardiovascular diseases (AH, CHD and CHF), diabetes mellitus and obesity. Combinations of such diseases increase the COVID-19 lethal outcome risk.
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- 2022
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10. Stochastic parametric skeletal dosimetry model for humans: General approach and application to active marrow exposure from bone-seeking beta-particle emitters.
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Degteva MO, Tolstykh EI, Shishkina EA, Sharagin PA, Zalyapin VI, Volchkova AY, Smith MA, and Napier BA
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Computer Simulation, Female, Hematopoiesis radiation effects, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Monte Carlo Method, Radiation Dosage, Radiometry, Stochastic Processes, Young Adult, Beta Particles adverse effects, Bone Marrow radiation effects, Bone and Bones radiation effects
- Abstract
The objective of this study is to develop a skeleton model for assessing active marrow dose from bone-seeking beta-emitting radionuclides. This article explains the modeling methodology which accounts for individual variability of the macro- and microstructure of bone tissue. Bone sites with active hematopoiesis are assessed by dividing them into small segments described by simple geometric shapes. Spongiosa, which fills the segments, is modeled as an isotropic three-dimensional grid (framework) of rod-like trabeculae that "run through" the bone marrow. Randomized multiple framework deformations are simulated by changing the positions of the grid nodes and the thickness of the rods. Model grid parameters are selected in accordance with the parameters of spongiosa microstructures taken from the published papers. Stochastic modeling of radiation transport in heterogeneous media simulating the distribution of bone tissue and marrow in each of the segments is performed by Monte Carlo methods. Model output for the human femur at different ages is provided as an example. The uncertainty of dosimetric characteristics associated with individual variability of bone structure was evaluated. An advantage of this methodology for the calculation of doses absorbed in the marrow from bone-seeking radionuclides is that it does not require additional studies of autopsy material. The biokinetic model results will be used in the future to calculate individual doses to members of a cohort exposed to 89,90Sr from liquid radioactive waste discharged to the Techa River by the Mayak Production Association in 1949-1956. Further study of these unique cohorts provides an opportunity to gain more in-depth knowledge about the effects of chronic radiation on the hematopoietic system. In addition, the proposed model can be used to assess the doses to active marrow under any other scenarios of 90Sr and 89Sr intake to humans., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2021
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11. Assessment of herb field mouse (Sylvaemus uralensis) migration in the area of the east urals radioactive trace using measurements of bone-seeking 90 Sr.
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Shishkina EA, Starichenko VI, Valeeva ER, Lyubashevsky NM, and Modorov MV
- Published
- 2021
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12. Analysis of influence of background therapy for comorbidities in the period before infection on the risk of the lethal COVID outcome. Data from the international ACTIV SARS-CoV-2 registry («Analysis of chronic non-infectious diseases dynamics after COVID-19 infection in adult patients SARS-CoV-2»).
- Author
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Tarlovskaya EI, Arutyunov AG, Konradi AO, Lopatin YM, Rebrov AP, Tereshchenko SN, Chesnikova AI, Hayrapetyan HG, Babin AP, Bakulin IG, Bakulina NV, Balykova LA, Blagonravova AS, Boldina MV, Vaisberg AR, Galyavich AS, Gomonova VV, Grigorieva NY, Gubareva IV, Demko IV, Evzerikhina AV, Zharkov AV, Kamilova UK, Kim ZF, Kuznetsova TY, Lareva NV, Makarova EV, Malchikova SV, Nedogoda SV, Petrova MM, Pochinka IG, Protasov KV, Protsenko DN, Ruzanau DY, Sayganov SA, Sarybaev AS, Selezneva NM, Sugraliev AB, Fomin IV, Khlynova OV, Chizhova OY, Shaposhnik II, Shсukarev DA, Abdrahmanova AK, Avetisian SA, Avoyan HG, Azarian KK, Aimakhanova GT, Ayipova DA, Akunov AC, Alieva MK, Aparkina AV, Aruslanova OR, Ashina EY, Badina OY, Barisheva OY, Batchayeva AS, Bitieva AM, Bikhteyev IU, Borodulina NA, Bragin MV, Budu AM, Burygina LA, Bykova GA, Vagapova KR, Varlamova DD, Vezikova NN, Verbitskaya EA, Vilkova OE, Vinnikova EA, Vustina VV, Gаlova EA, Genkel VV, Gorshenina EI, Gostishev RV, Grigorieva EV, Gubareva EY, Dabylova GM, Demchenko AI, Dolgikh OY, Duyshobayev MY, Evdokimov DS, Egorova KE, Ermilova AN, Zheldybayeva AE, Zarechnova NV, Zimina YD, Ivanova SY, Ivanchenko EY, Ilina MV, Kazakovtseva MV, Kazymova EV, Kalinina YS, Kamardina NA, Karachenova AM, Karetnikov IA, Karoli NA, Karpov OV, Karsiev MK, Кaskaeva DS, Kasymova KF, Kerimbekova ZB, Kerimova AS, Kim ES, Kiseleva NV, Klimenko DA, Klimova AV, Kovalishena OV, Kolmakova EV, Kolchinskaya TP, Kolyadich MI, Kondriakova OV, Konoval MP, Konstantinov DY, Konstantinova EA, Kordukova VA, Koroleva EV, Kraposhina AY, Kriukova TV, Kuznetsova AS, Kuzmina TY, Kuzmichev KV, Kulchoroeva CK, Kuprina TV, Kouranova IM, Kurenkova LV, Kurchugina NY, Kushubakova NA, Levankova VI, Levin MЕ, Lyubavina NA, Magdeyeva NA, Mazalov KV, Majseenko VI, Makarova AS, Maripov AM, Marusina AA, Melnikov ES, Moiseenko NB, Muradova FN, Muradyan RG, Myshak AO, Nikitina NM, Ogurlieva BB, Odegova AA, Omarova YM, Omurzakova NA, Ospanova SO, Pahomova EV, Petrov LD, Plastinina SS, Pogrebetskaya VA, Polyakov DS, Ponomarenko EV, Popova LL, Prokofeva NA, Pudova IA, Rakov NA, Rakhimov AN, Rozanova NA, Serikbolkyzy S, Simonov AA, Skachkova VV, Soloveva DV, Soloveva IA, Sokhova FM, Subbotin AK, Sukhomlinova IM, Sushilova AG, Tagayeva DR, Titojkina YV, Tikhonova EP, Tokmin DS, Tolmacheva AA, Torgunakova MS, Trenogina KV, Trostianetckaia NA, Trofimov DA, Tulichev AA, Tursunova AT, Ulanova ND, Fatenkov OV, Fedorishina OV, Fil TS, Fomina IY, Fominova IS, Frolova IA, Tsvinger SM, Tsoma VV, Cholponbaeva MB, Chudinovskikh TI, Shevchenko OA, Sheshina TV, Shishkina EA, Shishkov KY, Sherbakov SY, Yausheva EA, Musaelian SN, Belenkov YN, and Arutyunov GP
- Subjects
- Adult, Comorbidity, Female, Humans, Male, Pandemics, Registries, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Noncommunicable Diseases
- Abstract
Aim To study the effect of regular drug therapy for cardiovascular and other diseases preceding the COVID-19 infection on severity and outcome of COVID-19 based on data of the ACTIVE (Analysis of dynamics of Comorbidities in paTIents who surVived SARS-CoV-2 infEction) registry.Material and methods The ACTIVE registry was created at the initiative of the Eurasian Association of Therapists. The registry includes 5 808 male and female patients diagnosed with COVID-19 treated in a hospital or at home with a due protection of patients' privacy (data of nasal and throat smears; antibody titer; typical CT imaging features). The register territory included 7 countries: the Russian Federation, the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Moldova, and the Republic of Uzbekistan. The registry design: a closed, multicenter registry with two nonoverlapping arms (outpatient arm and in-patient arm). The registry scheduled 6 visits, 3 in-person visits during the acute period and 3 virtual visits (telephone calls) at 3, 6, and 12 mos. Patient enrollment started on June 29, 2020 and was completed on October 29, 2020. The registry completion is scheduled for October 29, 2022. The registry ID: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04492384. In this fragment of the study of registry data, the work group analyzed the effect of therapy for comorbidities at baseline on severity and outcomes of the novel coronavirus infection. The study population included only the patients who took their medicines on a regular basis while the comparison population consisted of noncompliant patients (irregular drug intake or not taking drugs at all despite indications for the treatment).Results The analysis of the ACTIVE registry database included 5808 patients. The vast majority of patients with COVID-19 had comorbidities with prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. Medicines used for the treatment of COVID-19 comorbidities influenced the course of the infectious disease in different ways. A lower risk of fatal outcome was associated with the statin treatment in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD); with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor antagonists and with beta-blockers in patients with IHD, arterial hypertension, chronic heart failure (CHF), and atrial fibrillation; with oral anticoagulants (OAC), primarily direct OAC, clopidogrel/prasugrel/ticagrelor in patients with IHD; with oral antihyperglycemic therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM); and with long-acting insulins in patients with type 1 DM. A higher risk of fatal outcome was associated with the spironolactone treatment in patients with CHF and with inhaled corticosteroids (iCS) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Conclusion In the epoch of COVID-19 pandemic, a lower risk of severe course of the coronavirus infection was observed for patients with chronic noninfectious comorbidities highly compliant with the base treatment of the comorbidity.
- Published
- 2021
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13. Trabecula: A Random Generator of Computational Phantoms for Bone Marrow Dosimetry.
- Author
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Shishkina EA, Timofeev YS, Volchkova AY, Sharagin PA, Zalyapin VI, Degteva MO, Smith MA, and Napier BA
- Subjects
- Algorithms, Humans, Radiation Dosage, Bone Marrow radiation effects, Monte Carlo Method, Phantoms, Imaging, Radiometry methods, Software
- Abstract
This study was motivated by the efforts to evaluate radiation risk for leukemia incidence in the Techa River cohort, where the main bone marrow dose contributors were Sr (bone-seeking beta emitters). Energy deposition in bone marrow targets was evaluated by simulating radiation particle transport using computational phantoms. The present paper describes the computer program Trabecula implementing an algorithm for parametric generation of computational phantoms, which serve as the basis for calculating bone marrow doses. Trabecula is a user-friendly tool that automatically converts analytical models into voxelized representations that are directly compatible as input to Monte Carlo N Particle code.
- Published
- 2020
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14. APPLICATION OF EPR TOOTH DOSIMETRY FOR VALIDATION OF THE CALCULATED EXTERNAL DOSES: EXPERIENCE IN DOSIMETRY FOR THE TECHA RIVER COHORT.
- Author
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Shishkina EA, Volchkova AY, Ivanov DV, Fattibene P, Wieser A, Krivoschapov VA, Degteva MO, and Napier BA
- Subjects
- Gamma Rays, Humans, Radiation Dosage, Retrospective Studies, Dental Enamel radiation effects, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy methods, Radiation Monitoring methods, Rivers chemistry, Strontium Radioisotopes analysis, Water Pollutants, Radioactive analysis
- Abstract
This study applies EPR tooth dosimetry for validation of external doses calculated with the TRDS-2016. EPR-based external dose in tooth enamel is calculated by subtraction of the contributions of natural and anthropogenic sources from the exposure of interest. These subtracted terms may contribute substantially to the overall uncertainty of the EPR-derived external dose. The validation method strongly depends on the uncertainties. The current study combines the results of a number of previous papers to propagate the uncertainty of EPR-derived external doses. It is concluded that the overall uncertainties of D ≥ 500 mGy are comparable with measurement uncertainties (≤30%); the overall uncertainties of D < 500 mGy become higher as the EPR-dose decreases because they are strongly effected by all other factors of influence. More than 70% of investigated individuals were exposed externally to doses <100 mGy with uncertainties >100%. Therefore, the validation task can be solved only based on statistical approaches. The validation of the TRDS-2016 predictions demonstrates good convergence of group-averages with EPR-based doses. The method for validation of the uncertainty of TRDS-2016 predictions should be also designed based on statistical approaches., (© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2019
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15. Enhancements in the Techa River Dosimetry System: TRDS-2016D Code for Reconstruction of Deterministic Estimates of Dose From Environmental Exposures.
- Author
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Degteva MO, Napier BA, Tolstykh EI, Shishkina EA, Shagina NB, Volchkova AY, Bougrov NG, Smith MA, and Anspaugh LR
- Subjects
- Body Burden, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Radiation Dosage, Strontium Radioisotopes pharmacokinetics, Tissue Distribution, Water Pollutants, Radioactive pharmacokinetics, Environmental Exposure analysis, Radiation Monitoring methods, Radioactive Waste analysis, Rivers chemistry, Strontium Radioisotopes analysis, Water Pollutants, Radioactive analysis
- Abstract
Waterborne releases to the Techa River from the Mayak plutonium facility in Russia during 1949-1956 resulted in significant doses to persons living downstream. The dosimetry system Techa River Dosimetry System-2016D has been developed, which provides individual doses of external and internal exposure for the members of the Techa River cohort and other persons who were exposed to releases of radioactive material to the Southern Urals. The results of computation of individual doses absorbed in red bone marrow and extraskeletal tissues for the Techa River cohort members (29,647 persons) are presented, which are based on residence histories on the contaminated Techa River and the East Urals Radioactive Trace, which was formed in 1957 as a result of the Kyshtym Accident. Available Sr body-burden measurements and available information on individual household locations have been used for refinement of individual dose estimates. Techa River Dosimetry System-2016D-based dose estimates will be used for verification of risk of low-dose-rate effects of ionizing radiation in the Techa River cohort.
- Published
- 2019
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16. The radiation exposure of fish in the period of the Techa river peak contamination.
- Author
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Shishkina EA, Pryakhin EA, Sharagin PA, Osipov DI, Tryapitsina GA, Atamanyuk NI, Egoreichenkov EA, Trapeznikov AV, Rudolfsen G, Teien HC, and Sneve MK
- Subjects
- Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Female, Male, Models, Theoretical, Radiation Monitoring, Rivers, Russia, Cyprinidae, Perches, Radiation Exposure, Radioisotopes, Water Pollutants, Radioactive
- Abstract
Waterborne radioactive releases into the Techa River from the Mayak Production Association in Russia during 1949-1956 resulted in downstream contamination of the river ecosystem. The discharged liquid waste contained both short-lived isotopes (
95 Zr,95 Nb,103,106 Ru,141,144 Ce,91 Y,89 Sr and140 Ba with half-life from 3 days to 1.02 years) and the long-lived90 Sr and137 Cs (half-life - 28.79 y and 30.07 y, respectively). Even now, when two half-lives of90 Sr and137 Cs have passed, the contamination in the upper river region (about 70 km from the source of releases) is still relatively high. Current anthropogenic dose rates calculated for the fish of the Techa River depend on the distance along the stream and decrease from 150 to 3 μGy day-1 . Radiation exposure of fish is expected to have been much higher at the time of the releases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the dose rates for the most common fish species of the river, viz., roach (Rutilus rutilus), perch (Perca fluviatilis) and pike (Esox lucius), in the period of peak contamination of the upper reaches of the Techa River from 1950 to 1951. To achieve this objective, calculation of both internal and external dose rates was performed. For dose rate calculation, the contamination of the river compartments was modeled, body-size dependent dose coefficients were evaluated, morphometric data were analyzed. Maximum dose rates were obtained for roach; minimum - for pike, it depends on fish lifestyle (time spent at the bottom). In the period before September 1950, fish of the upper reaches are assessed to have been exposed to dose rates exceeding the screening level equal to 240 μGy day-1 . From September 1950 up to the end of 1952 the fish dose rates along the Techa River were found to be close to the UNSCEAR threshold equal to 9.6 × 103 μGy day-1 or even much more higher (up to 1.9 × 105 μGy day-1 ). Extremely high historical dose rates did not lead to the difference in fish size and fish growth rate currently observed in the Techa River and in the comparison waterbody (the Miass River). Discussion includes the description of radiation effects observed currently in the river fish. Today the effects observed in hematopoietic system may be the consequence of radiation exposure of fish over several generations. For example, long term dwelling of fish in the radioactively contaminated environment leads to their adaptation to chronic radiation exposure. At the same time, an increase their sensitivity and decrease their adaptive capacity to respond to other stress factors can be observed., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)- Published
- 2019
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17. Otoliths as object of EPR dosimetric research.
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Ivanov DV, Shishkina EA, Osipov DI, Starichenko VI, Bayankin SN, Zhukovsky MV, and Pryakhin EA
- Subjects
- Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, Otolithic Membrane radiation effects, Radiometry methods
- Abstract
Otoliths are the organs which fish use for hearing and keeping balance. Otoliths are the most calcified tissues in the fish body. In contrast to bones, otoliths are not affected by remodeling and, therefore, they are expected to accumulate any dose from ionizing radiation during lifetime. Therefore, EPR dosimetry with fish otoliths could be an important tool for dose reconstruction in radiobiology and radioecology. It could also provide useful information remediation actions to de-contaminate waterbodies. Consequently, in the present study, otoliths of three contaminated fish species (roach (Rutilus rutilus), pike (Esox lucius) and perch (Perca Fluviatilis)) were examined with Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The fish were caught at storage reservoirs of liquid radioactive waste from Mayak PA and from the upper reach of the Techa River, which have been contaminated with different levels of radionuclide activity concentrations. It is shown that the radiation-induced EPR signal of otolith is stable and characterized by a linear dose response. However, the slope of the calibration curve (corresponding to the radiation sensitivity of the material) is not the same for different species; this may be caused by differences in mineralization. The reconstructed doses were found to be in the range from undetectable (in fish from the upper stream of the Techa River) up to 265 Gy (in roach from the most contaminated waterbody). In parallel, otoliths were measured with β-counter to detect
90 Sr/90 Y. Samples were also tested on the presence of alpha-emitters, but no alpha activity above background could be detected. However, a significant activity concentration of90 Sr was detected (from 1 × 101 to 2 × 104 Bq/g). The EPR doses measured correlated with the90 Sr activity concentration measured in the otolith samples.- Published
- 2018
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18. [Application of the EPR and FISH Methods to Dose Reconstruction for People Exposed in the Techa River Area].
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Degteva MO, Shishkina EA, Tolstykh EI, Vozilova AV, Shagina NB, Volchkova AY, Ivanov DV, Zalyapin VI, and Akleyev AV
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Dental Enamel chemistry, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, Environmental Exposure adverse effects, Female, Humans, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Lymphocytes radiation effects, Male, Middle Aged, Radiation Dosage, Radiation Monitoring, Radioactive Waste adverse effects, Rivers, Russia, Strontium Radioisotopes adverse effects, Strontium Radioisotopes chemistry, Water Pollutants, Radioactive adverse effects, Water Pollutants, Radioactive chemistry, Chromosome Aberrations radiation effects, Dental Enamel radiation effects, Strontium Radioisotopes isolation & purification, Water Pollutants, Radioactive isolation & purification
- Abstract
Release of liquid radioactive waste into the Techa River from the Mayak Production Association during 1949-1956 resulted in a significant exposure of about 30000 people who lived in downstream settlements. The residents were exposed to internal and external radiation. The article discusses the capability of two methods that were used 50 years after the termination of radioactive discharges for the dose reconstruction, namely EPR measurements of tooth enamel, and FISH measurements of stable chromosome aberrations in circulating lymphocytes. The Main issue in the application of these methods for the dose reconstruction was local irradiation from strontium radioisotopes incorporated in teeth and bones. The EPR and FISH assays were supported by measurements of the 90Sr content in the skeleton and teeth in order to estimate and subtract internal doses from incorporated 89, 90Sr. The resulting dose estimates obtained from EPR and FISH mea- surements were found to be consistent The settlement-averaged values in the upper-Techa Region varied from 550-570 mGy to 130-160 mGy and showed a reduction with the distance from the release site. The EPR- and FISH-based dose estimates were in agreement with the doses calculated with the dosimetry system TRDS that uses data on radionuclide contamination of the Techa River floodplain and individual residential histories.
- Published
- 2017
19. [Assessment of Erythropoiesis Status in Roach (Rutilus rutilus) of the Radioactively Contaminated Techa River].
- Author
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Tryapitsina GA, Osipov DI, Yegoreichenkov EA, Shishkina EA, Rudolfsen G, Teien HC, Sneve M, Pryakhin EA, and Akleyev AV
- Subjects
- Animals, Erythrocytes pathology, Erythrocytes radiation effects, Geologic Sediments, Radioisotopes adverse effects, Seasons, Beta Particles adverse effects, Cyprinidae blood, Erythropoiesis radiation effects, Water Pollutants, Radioactive adverse effects
- Abstract
At present volumetric activity of β-emitting radionuclides in water at various locations of the Techa River ranges from 5 to 40-Bq/L; a specific activity of β-emitting radionuclides in the bottom sediments at various locations ranges 10 Ito 106 Bq/kg dry weight. A significant increase of the erythroblast content in blood as compared to that in the roach from the reference watercourse (the Miass River) was observed during spawning in the spring. Due to this fact the number of erythrocytes was equal to that in the control animals under chronic radiation exposure at the dose rates of 0.9 and 16 μGy/day, and was insufficient at the dose rate of 108 gGy/day. During summer feeding no changes in the indexes of erythropoiesis in roach were observed under chronic radiation exposure at the dose rate of 0.9 μGy/day; the number of erythrocytes in the peripheral blood declines when the dose rates are 16 and 108 μGy/day. When performing a regression analysis, we revealed a dose-rate-dependent decrease in the absolute number of erythrocytes, normocytes, polychromatocytes, dividing and non-dividing erythroid cells in the peripheral blood of roach from the Techa River and an increase of a relative number of normochromatophylic erythrocytes.
- Published
- 2017
20. External dose reconstruction in tooth enamel of Techa riverside residents.
- Author
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Shishkina EA, Volchkova AY, Timofeev YS, Fattibene P, Wieser A, Ivanov DV, Krivoschapov VA, Zalyapin VI, Della Monaca S, De Coste V, Degteva MO, and Anspaugh LR
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Radioactive Waste, Radiometry, Russia, Dental Enamel radiation effects, Radiation Dosage, Rivers
- Abstract
This study summarizes the 20-year efforts for dose reconstruction in tooth enamel of the Techa riverside residents exposed to ionizing radiation as a result of radionuclide releases into the river in 1949-1956. It represents the first combined analysis of all the data available on EPR dosimetry with teeth of permanent residents of the Techa riverside territory. Results of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements of 302 teeth donated by 173 individuals living permanently in Techa riverside settlements over the period of 1950-1952 were analyzed. These people were residents of villages located at the free-flowing river stream or at the banks of stagnant reservoirs such as ponds or blind river forks. Cumulative absorbed doses measured using EPR are from several sources of exposure, viz., background radiation, internal exposure due to bone-seeking radionuclides (
89 Sr,90 Sr/90 Y), internal exposure due to137 Cs/137m Ba incorporated in soft tissues, and anthropogenic external exposure. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the contribution of different sources of enamel exposure and to deduce external doses to be used for validation of the Techa River Dosimetry System (TRDS). Since various EPR methods were used, harmonization of these methods was critical. Overall, the mean cumulative background dose was found to be 63 ± 47 mGy; cumulative internal doses due to89 Sr and90 Sr/90 Y were within the range of 10-110 mGy; cumulative internal doses due to137 Cs/137m Ba depend on the distance from the site of releases and varied from 1 mGy up to 90 mGy; mean external doses were maximum for settlements located at the banks of stagnant reservoirs (~500 mGy); in contrast, external doses for settlements located along the free-flowing river stream did not exceed 160 mGy and decreased downstream with increasing distance from the site of release. External enamel doses calculated using the TRDS code and derived from the EPR measurements were found to be in good agreement.- Published
- 2016
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21. Contemporary Understanding of Radioactive Contamination of the Techa River in 1949-1956.
- Author
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Degteva MO, Shagina NB, Vorobiova MI, Shishkina EA, Tolstykh EI, and Akleyev AV
- Subjects
- Cesium Radioisotopes chemistry, Cesium Radioisotopes toxicity, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Rivers, Russia, Strontium Radioisotopes chemistry, Strontium Radioisotopes toxicity, Water Pollutants, Radioactive radiation effects, Radioactive Waste, Water Pollutants, Radioactive chemistry, Water Pollution, Radioactive
- Abstract
Analysis of recently available archive materials regarding the liquid radioactive waste storage and reprocessing at the "Mayak" Production Association in 1949-1956 has led to a more accurate reconstruction of radionuclide releases into the Techa River. Radionuclide concentrations in the Techa River water, bottom sediments and floodplain soils in 1949-1951 were reconstructed with the use of a purposely-developed Techa River model. Model calculations agree with the measurements of the specific activity in the river water and bottom sediments conducted since 1951. The model output for the (90)Sr concentration in the river water shows a good agreement with the retrospective estimates derived from (90)Sr measurements in teeth and the whole body of the Techa riverside residents. Modeled (137)Cs-contamination of the floodplain shows agreement with the values reconstructed from (137)Cs measurements in the floodplain soils obtained in later years. Reconstructed contamination levels by radionuclides in the Techa River water and floodplain are being used to refine internal and external doses and risk estimates of late effects in the population chronically exposed to radiation.
- Published
- 2016
22. Evaluation of distribution coefficients and concentration ratios of (90)Sr and (137)Cs in the Techa River and the Miass River.
- Author
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Shishkina EA, Pryakhin EA, Popova IY, Osipov DI, Tikhova Y, Andreyev SS, Shaposhnikova IA, Egoreichenkov EA, Styazhkina EV, Deryabina LV, Tryapitsina GA, Melnikov V, Rudolfsen G, Teien HC, Sneve MK, and Akleyev AV
- Subjects
- Animals, Fishes, Gastropoda, Geologic Sediments analysis, Radiation Monitoring, Russia, Seaweed, Cesium Radioisotopes analysis, Rivers chemistry, Strontium Radioisotopes analysis, Water Pollutants, Radioactive analysis
- Abstract
Empirical data on the behavior of radionuclides in aquatic ecosystems are needed for radioecological modeling, which is commonly used for predicting transfer of radionuclides, estimating doses, and assessing possible adverse effects on species and communities. Preliminary studies of radioecological parameters including distribution coefficients and concentration ratios, for (90)Sr and (137)Cs were not in full agreement with the default values used in the ERICA Tool and the RESRAD BIOTA codes. The unique radiation situation in the Techa River, which was contaminated by long-lived radionuclides ((90)Sr and (137)Cs) in the middle of the last century allows improved knowledge about these parameters for river systems. Therefore, the study was focused on the evaluation of radioecological parameters (distribution coefficients and concentration ratios for (90)Sr and (137)Cs) for the Techa River and the Miass River, which is assumed as a comparison waterbody. To achieve the aim the current contamination of biotic and abiotic components of the river ecosystems was studied; distribution coefficients for (90)Sr and (137)Cs were calculated; concentration ratios of (90)Sr and (137)Cs for three fish species (roach, perch and pike), gastropods and filamentous algae were evaluated. Study results were then compared with default values available for use in the well-known computer codes ERICA Tool and RESRAD BIOTA (when site-specific data are not available). We show that the concentration ratios of (137)Cs in whole fish bodies depend on the predominant type of nutrition (carnivores and phytophagous). The results presented here are useful in the context of improving of tools for assessing concentrations of radionuclides in biota, which could rely on a wider range of ecosystem information compared with the process limited the current versions of ERICA and RESRAD codes. Further, the concentration ratios of (90)Sr are species-specific and strongly dependent on Ca(2+) concentration in water. The universal characteristic allows us to combine the data of fish caught in the water with different mineralization by multiplying the concentration of Ca(2+). The concentration ratios for fishes were well-fitted by Generalized Logistic Distribution function (GLD). In conclusion, the GLD can be used for probabilistic modeling of the concentration ratios in freshwater fishes to improve the confidence in the modeling results. This is important in the context of risk assessment and regulatory., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
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23. Characterization of biocenoses in the storage reservoirs of liquid radioactive wastes of Mayak PA. Initial descriptive report.
- Author
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Pryakhin EA, Mokrov YG, Tryapitsina GA, Ivanov IA, Osipov DI, Atamanyuk NI, Deryabina LV, Shaposhnikova IA, Shishkina EA, Obvintseva NA, Egoreichenkov EA, Styazhkina EV, Osipova OF, Mogilnikova NI, Andreev SS, Tarasov OV, Geras'kin SA, Trapeznikov AV, and Akleyev AV
- Subjects
- Radioisotopes analysis, Russia, Water Pollutants, Radioactive analysis, Biota, Fresh Water analysis, Geologic Sediments analysis, Radioactive Waste analysis, Radioisotopes metabolism, Water Pollutants, Radioactive metabolism
- Abstract
As a result of operation of the Mayak Production Association (Mayak PA), Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, an enterprise for production and separation of weapon-grade plutonium in the Soviet Union, ecosystems of a number of water bodies have been radioactively contaminated. The article presents information about the current state of ecosystems of 6 special industrial storage reservoirs of liquid radioactive waste from Mayak PA: reservoirs R-3, R-4, R-9, R-10, R-11 and R-17. At present the excess of the radionuclide content in the water of the studied reservoirs and comparison reservoirs (Shershnyovskoye and Beloyarskoye reservoirs) is 9 orders of magnitude for (90)Sr and (137)Cs, and 6 orders of magnitude for alpha-emitting radionuclides. According to the level of radioactive contamination, the reservoirs of the Mayak PA could be arranged in the ascending order as follows: R-11, R-10, R-4, R-3, R-17 and R-9. In 2007-2012 research of the status of the biocenoses of these reservoirs in terms of phytoplankton, zooplankton, bacterioplankton, zoobenthos, aquatic plants, ichthyofauna, avifauna parameters was performed. The conducted studies revealed decrease in species diversity in reservoirs with the highest levels of radioactive and chemical contamination. This article is an initial descriptive report on the status of the biocenoses of radioactively contaminated reservoirs of the Mayak PA, and is the first article in a series of publications devoted to the studies of the reaction of biocenoses of the fresh-water reservoirs of the Mayak PA to a combination of natural and man-made factors, including chronic radiation exposure., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
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24. Analysis of EPR and FISH studies of radiation doses in persons who lived in the upper reaches of the Techa River.
- Author
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Degteva MO, Shagina NB, Shishkina EA, Vozilova AV, Volchkova AY, Vorobiova MI, Wieser A, Fattibene P, Della Monaca S, Ainsbury E, Moquet J, Anspaugh LR, and Napier BA
- Subjects
- Absorption, Radiation, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Biological Assay, Female, Humans, Male, Radioactive Hazard Release, Radioactive Waste analysis, Reproducibility of Results, Russia, Sensitivity and Specificity, Water Pollutants, Radioactive analysis, Whole-Body Counting, Dental Enamel chemistry, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Muscle, Skeletal chemistry, Radiation Exposure analysis, Radiation Monitoring, Strontium Radioisotopes analysis
- Abstract
Waterborne radioactive releases into the Techa River from the Mayak Production Association in Russia during 1949-1956 resulted in significant doses to about 30,000 persons who lived in downstream settlements. The residents were exposed to internal and external radiation. Two methods for reconstruction of the external dose are considered in this paper, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements of teeth, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) measurements of chromosome translocations in circulating lymphocytes. The main issue in the application of the EPR and FISH methods for reconstruction of the external dose for the Techa Riverside residents was strontium radioisotopes incorporated in teeth and bones that act as a source of confounding local exposures. In order to estimate and subtract doses from incorporated (89,90)Sr, the EPR and FISH assays were supported by measurements of (90)Sr-body burdens and estimates of (90)Sr concentrations in dental tissues by the luminescence method. The resulting dose estimates derived from EPR to FISH measurements for residents of the upper Techa River were found to be consistent: The mean values vary from 510 to 550 mGy for the villages located close to the site of radioactive release to 130-160 mGy for the more distant villages. The upper bound of individual estimates for both methods is equal to 2.2-2.3 Gy. The EPR- and FISH-based dose estimates were compared with the doses calculated for the donors using the most recent Techa River Dosimetry System (TRDS). The TRDS external dose assessments are based on the data on contamination of the Techa River floodplain, simulation of air kerma above the contaminated soil, age-dependent lifestyles and individual residence histories. For correct comparison, TRDS-based doses were calculated from two sources: external exposure from the contaminated environment and internal exposure from (137)Cs incorporated in donors' soft tissues. It is shown here that the TRDS-based absorbed doses in tooth enamel and muscle are in agreement with EPR- and FISH-based estimates within uncertainty bounds. Basically, this agreement between the estimates has confirmed the validity of external doses calculated with the TRDS.
- Published
- 2015
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25. Internal in vitro dosimetry for fish using hydroxyapatite-based EPR detectors.
- Author
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Ivanov DV, Shishkina EA, Osipov DI, Razumeev RA, and Pryakhin EA
- Subjects
- Animals, Dental Enamel radiation effects, Ecosystem, In Vitro Techniques, Pilot Projects, Radiation Dosage, Russia, Water Pollutants, Radioactive analysis, Water Pollution, Radioactive analysis, Durapatite radiation effects, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy methods, Fishes, Radiometry methods
- Abstract
A number of aquatic ecosystems were exposed to ionizing radiation as a result of the activities of the Mayak Production Association in the Southern Urals, former Soviet Union, in the 1950s. Currently, fishes inhabiting contaminated lakes are being actively studied. These investigations need dosimetric support. In the present paper the results of a pilot study for elaborating an EPR dosimeter which can be used for internal dosimetry in vitro are described. Biological hydroxyapatite is proposed here to be used as a detecting substance. More specifically, small hydroxyapatite grains are proposed for use as point detectors fixed in a solid matrix. After having been pelletized, the detectors were covered by Mylar and placed in the body of a fish to be stored in the fridge for several months. Application of the detectors for internal fish dosimetry demonstrated that the enamel sensitivity is sufficient for passive detection of ionizing radiation in fishes inhabiting contaminated lakes in the Southern Urals.
- Published
- 2015
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26. Software for evaluation of EPR-dosimetry performance.
- Author
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Shishkina EA, Timofeev YS, and Ivanov DV
- Subjects
- Dental Enamel chemistry, Humans, Dental Enamel radiation effects, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy methods, Radiometry methods, Software
- Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) with tooth enamel is a method extensively used for retrospective external dosimetry. Different research groups apply different equipment, sample preparation procedures and spectrum processing algorithms for EPR dosimetry. A uniform algorithm for description and comparison of performances was designed and implemented in a new computer code. The aim of the paper is to introduce the new software 'EPR-dosimetry performance'. The computer code is a user-friendly tool for providing a full description of method-specific capabilities of EPR tooth dosimetry, from metrological characteristics to practical limitations in applications. The software designed for scientists and engineers has several applications, including support of method calibration by evaluation of calibration parameters, evaluation of critical value and detection limit for registration of radiation-induced signal amplitude, estimation of critical value and detection limit for dose evaluation, estimation of minimal detectable value for anthropogenic dose assessment and description of method uncertainty., (© The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Concentrations of 90Sr in the tooth tissues 60 years after intake: results of TL measurements and applications for Techa River dosimetry.
- Author
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Shishkina EA, Tolstykh EI, Verdi E, Volchkova AY, Veronese I, El-Faramawy NA, Göksu HY, and Degteva MO
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Child, Dental Enamel metabolism, Dentin metabolism, Humans, Middle Aged, Models, Statistical, Russia, Strontium Radioisotopes metabolism, Uncertainty, Young Adult, Rivers chemistry, Thermoluminescent Dosimetry, Tooth metabolism, Water Pollutants, Radioactive metabolism
- Abstract
This article focuses on the study of (90)Sr in the tooth tissues of Techa riverside residents 60 years after intake. The Techa River was contaminated by radioactive wastes in the 1950s. Contamination of the river system, including water, bottom sediment, floodplain soil, and grass, depended on the distance from the source of releases. Therefore, the average (90)Sr intake was different in different settlements located downstream the river. An additional factor influencing (90)Sr accumulation in the teeth is the rate of tissue mineralization at the time of intake which depended on the donor's age at the time of releases. Measurements of (90)Sr concentration in various dental tissues (enamel, crown, and root dentin) of 166 teeth were performed about 60 years after the main intake using the method of thermoluminescence passive beta detection. The paper presents the current levels of tooth tissue contamination, and the tooth-to-tooth variability of (90)Sr concentration in tooth tissues was assessed for the tissues which were matured at the time of massive liquid radioactive waste releases into the Techa River. A model describing the expected levels of (90)Sr in matured dental tissues depending on age and intake has been elaborated for the population under study. The results obtained will be used for calculation of internal dose in enamel and for interpretation of tooth doses measured by means of the electron paramagnetic resonance method, among the population of the Techa River region.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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28. Reconstruction of the contamination of the Techa River in 1949-1951 as a result of releases from the "Mayak" Production Association.
- Author
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Shagina NB, Vorobiova MI, Degteva MO, Peremyslova LM, Shishkina EA, Anspaugh LR, and Napier BA
- Subjects
- Geologic Sediments analysis, History, 20th Century, Nuclear Weapons, Radioactive Waste, Radioisotopes history, Reproducibility of Results, Rivers, Russia, Soil Pollutants, Radioactive analysis, Soil Pollutants, Radioactive history, Water Pollutants, Radioactive history, Models, Theoretical, Radioisotopes analysis, Water Pollutants, Radioactive analysis
- Abstract
More accurate reconstruction of the radioactive contamination of the Techa River system in 1949-1951 has been made on the basis of refined data on the amounts and the rate of discharge of radionuclides into the Techa River from the Mayak Production Association; this has led to the development of a modified Techa River model that describes the transport of radionuclides through the up-river ponds and along the Techa River and deposition of radionuclides in the river-bottom sediments and flooded areas. The refined Techa River source-term data define more precisely the time-dependent rates of release and radionuclide composition of the releases that occurred during 1949-1951. The Techa River model takes into account the time-dependent characteristics of the releases and considers (a) the transport of radionuclides adsorbed on solid particles originally contained in the discharges or originating in the up-river ponds as a result of stirring up of contaminated bottom sediments and (b) the transport of radionuclides in soluble form. The output of the Techa River model provides concentrations of all source-term radionuclides in the river water, bottom sediments, and floodplain soils at different distances from the site of radioactive releases for the period of major contamination in 1950-1951. The outputs of the model show good agreement with historical measurements of water and sediment contamination. In addition, the river-model output for (90)Sr concentration in the river water is harmonized with retrospective estimates derived from the measurements of (90)Sr in the residents of the Techa Riverside villages. Modeled contamination of the floodplain soils by (137)Cs is shown to be in agreement with the values reconstructed from late measurements of this radionuclide. Reconstructed estimates of the Techa River contamination are being used for the quantification of internal and external doses received by residents of the Techa Riverside communities.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Reconstruction of long-lived radionuclide intakes for Techa riverside residents: strontium-90.
- Author
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Tolstykh EI, Degteva MO, Peremyslova LM, Shagina NB, Shishkina EA, Krivoshchapov VA, Anspaugh LR, and Napier BA
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Body Burden, Bone and Bones radiation effects, Cattle, Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Dental Enamel radiation effects, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Middle Aged, Milk metabolism, Milk toxicity, Russia, Strontium Radioisotopes administration & dosage, Strontium Radioisotopes pharmacokinetics, Time Factors, Water Pollutants, Radioactive administration & dosage, Water Pollutants, Radioactive pharmacokinetics, Young Adult, Food Contamination, Radioactive analysis, Radiation Monitoring, Rivers chemistry, Strontium Radioisotopes analysis, Water Pollutants, Radioactive analysis
- Abstract
Releases of radioactive materials from the Mayak Production Association in 1949-1956 resulted in contamination of the Techa River; a nuclide of major interest was 90Sr, which downstream residents consumed with water from the river and with milk contaminated by cows' consumption of river water and contaminated pasture. Over the years, several reconstructions of dose have been performed for the approximately 30,000 persons who make up the Extended Techa River Cohort. The purpose of the study described here was to derive a revised reference-90Sr-intake function for the members of this cohort. The revision was necessary because recently discovered data have provided a more accurate description of the time course of the releases, and more is now known about the importance of the pasture grass-cow-milk pathway for the members of this cohort. The fundamental basis for the derivation of the reference-90Sr-intake function remains the same: thousands of measurements of 90Sr content in bone with a special whole-body counter, thousands of measurements of beta-activity of front teeth with a special tooth-beta counter, and a variety of other measurements, including post mortem measurements of 90Sr in bone, measurements of 90Sr in cow's milk, and measurements of beta activity in human excreta. Results of the new analyses are that the major intake started in September 1950 and peaked somewhat later than originally postulated. However, the total intake for adult residents has not changed significantly. For children of some birth years, the intake and incorporation of Sr in bone tissue have changed substantially.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Possibilities of using human teeth for retrospective dosimetry: analysis of the Techa River data.
- Author
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Tolstykh EI, Degteva MO, Shishkina EA, Zalyapin VI, and Krivoschapov VA
- Subjects
- Body Burden, Computer Simulation, Feasibility Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Relative Biological Effectiveness, Retrospective Studies, USSR, Biological Assay methods, Environmental Exposure statistics & numerical data, Radiation Monitoring statistics & numerical data, Radioactive Hazard Release statistics & numerical data, Strontium Isotopes analysis, Strontium Isotopes pharmacokinetics, Tooth chemistry
- Abstract
Different methods for utilising teeth were applied for the reconstruction of internal and external doses for the population of the Techa riverside area contaminated as a result of radioactive releases from the Mayak plutonium-production facility. Information on 90Sr content in the enamel of teeth obtained from the Techa River residents has been used for the reconstruction of intakes of this nuclide. Analyses of dosimetric investigations on dental tissues performed in the Techa River region provide an understanding of the possibilities and limitations of using human teeth in retrospective dosimetry studies.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Development of an improved dose reconstruction system for the Techa River population affected by the operation of the Mayak Production Association.
- Author
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Degteva MO, Vorobiova MI, Tolstykh EI, Shagina NB, Shishkina EA, Anspaugh LR, Napier BA, Bougrov NG, Shved VA, and Tokareva EE
- Subjects
- Body Burden, Humans, Organ Specificity, Radiation Dosage, Relative Biological Effectiveness, Risk Assessment trends, Russia epidemiology, Whole-Body Counting methods, Nuclear Reactors statistics & numerical data, Proportional Hazards Models, Radiation Monitoring methods, Radiation Monitoring statistics & numerical data, Radioisotopes analysis, Risk Assessment methods, Survivors statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
The Techa River Dosimetry System (TRDS) has been developed to provide estimates of dose received by approximately 30,000 members of the Extended Techa River Cohort (ETRC). Members of the ETRC were exposed beginning in 1949 to significant levels of external and internal (mainly from (90)Sr) dose but at low to moderate dose rates. Members of this cohort are being studied in an effort to test the hypothesis that exposure at low to moderate dose rates has the same ability to produce stochastic health effects as exposure at high dose rates. The current version of the TRDS is known as TRDS-2000 and is the subject of this paper. The estimated doses from (90)Sr are supported strongly by approximately 30,000 measurements made with a tooth beta-particle counter, measurements of bones collected at autopsy, and approximately 38,000 measurements made with a special whole-body counter that detects the bremsstrahlung from (90)Y. The median doses to the red bone marrow and the bone surface are 0.21 and 0.37 Gy, respectively. The maximum doses to the red bone marrow and bone surface are 2.0 and 5.2 Gy, respectively. Distributions of dose to other organs are provided and are lower than the values given above. Directions for future work are discussed.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
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32. The use of alpha-Al2O3:C in Risø OSL single grains attachment system for assessing the spatial dose rate distribution due to incorporation of 90Sr in human teeth.
- Author
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Veronese I, El-Faramawy N, Giussani A, Cantone MC, Shishkina EA, and Göksu HY
- Subjects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Equipment Design, Equipment Failure Analysis, Feasibility Studies, Humans, Materials Testing, Particle Size, Radiation Dosage, Aluminum Oxide chemistry, Aluminum Oxide radiation effects, Strontium Radioisotopes analysis, Thermoluminescent Dosimetry instrumentation, Thermoluminescent Dosimetry methods, Tooth chemistry
- Abstract
The possibility of using a single grain OSL attachment system developed by the Risø National Laboratory (Roskilde, Denmark) for assessing the spatial distribution of radionuclides incorporated in human tissues was investigated. Detectors containing arrays of single grains of alpha-Al2O3)C powder (Landauer Inc., USA) were prepared using aluminium discs (diameter 9.7 mm), which can accommodate 100 single grains in 0.3 mm holes positioned in a 10 x 10 grid. The luminescence and dosimetric properties of each grain were investigated by exposing the detectors to uniform photon radiation fields. After the characterisation of the detectors, the systems were tested to assess the spatial dose rate distribution because of 90Sr incorporated in a tooth sample extracted from an inhabitant of the Techa River region.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
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33. Assessment of 90Sr concentration in dental tissue using thin-layer beta-particle detectors and verification with numerical calculations.
- Author
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Shishkina EA, Göksu HY, El-Faramawy NA, and Semiochkina N
- Subjects
- Beta Particles, Computer Simulation, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy methods, Equipment Design, Equipment Failure Analysis, Humans, Radiation Dosage, Radiometry methods, Relative Biological Effectiveness, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Dental Enamel metabolism, Dentin metabolism, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy instrumentation, Models, Biological, Radiometry instrumentation, Strontium Radioisotopes analysis, Strontium Radioisotopes pharmacokinetics
- Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements of tooth enamel can be used as an individual biological dosimeter for external dose assessment. However, the presence of 90Sr in the tooth tissues makes the task of interpreting EPR tooth dosimetry more complicated. The determination of the dose contribution of incorporated 90Sr in calcified tissue to the total dose measured by EPR is one of the main aspects of correct interpretation of EPR tooth dosimetry. In this work, experimental and numerical calculations were performed to convert the measured beta-particle dose rate to 90Sr concentration in calcified tissue. The cumulative beta-particle dose was measured by exposing artificially contaminated dentin and enamel to thin-layer alpha-Al2O3:C detectors in two different exposure geometries. Numerical calculations were performed for experimental exposure conditions using calculations of electron transport and secondary photons [Monte Carlo n-Particle Transport code version 4C2 (MCNP)]. Numerical calculations were performed to optimize the sample size and exposure geometry. The applicability of two different exposure conditions to be used in routine analysis was tested. Comparison of the computational and experimental results demonstrated very good agreement.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Electron paramagnetic resonance and fluorescence in situ hybridization-based investigations of individual doses for persons living at Metlino in the upper reaches of the Techa River.
- Author
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Degteva MO, Anspaugh LR, Akleyev AV, Jacob P, Ivanov DV, Wieser A, Vorobiova MI, Shishkina EA, Shved VA, Vozilova A, Bayankin SN, and Napier BA
- Subjects
- Aged, Chromosome Painting methods, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, Humans, Lymphocytes radiation effects, Lymphocytes ultrastructure, Middle Aged, Radiation Dosage, Radioactive Waste, Tooth ultrastructure, Water Pollutants, Radioactive, Chromosome Aberrations radiation effects, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence methods, Radiation Monitoring, Tooth radiation effects
- Abstract
Waterborne releases to the Techa River from the Mayak Production Association in Russia during 1949-1956 resulted in significant doses to persons living downstream; the most contaminated village was Metlino, about 7 km from the site of release. Internal and external doses have been estimated for these residents using the Techa River Dosimetry System-2000 (TRDS-2000); the primary purpose is to support epidemiological studies of the members of the Extended Techa River Cohort. Efforts to validate the calculations of external and internal dose are considered essential. One validation study of the TRDS-2000 system has been performed by the comparison of calculated doses to quartz from bricks in old buildings at Metlino with those measured by luminescence dosimetry. Two additional methods of validation considered here are electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements of teeth and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) measurements of chromosome translocations in circulating lymphocytes. For electron paramagnetic resonance, 36 measurements on 26 teeth from 16 donors from Metlino were made at the GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health (16 measurements) and the Institute of Metal Physics (20 measurements); the correlation among measurements made at the two laboratories has been found to be 0.99. Background measurements were also made on 218 teeth (63 molars, 128 premolars, and 27 incisors). Fluorescence in situ hybridization measurements were made for 31 residents of Metlino. These measurements were handicapped by the analysis of a limited number of cells; for several individuals no stable translocations were observed. Fluorescence in situ hybridization measurements were also made for 39 individuals believed to be unexposed. The EPR- and FISH-based estimates agreed well for permanent residents of Metlino: 0.67 +/- 0.21 Gy and 0.48 +/- 0.18 Gy (mean +/- standard error of the mean), respectively. Results of the two experimental methods also agreed well with the estimates derived from the use of the TRDS-2000. For all persons investigated according to each technique, the EPR-measured dose to enamel was 0.55 +/- 0.17 Gy, and the TRDS-2000 prediction for the dose to enamel for these individuals is 0.55 +/- 0.07 Gy. The fluorescence in situ hybridization-based dose, 0.38 +/- 0.10 Gy, compared well to the TRDS-2000 prediction of external dose, 0.31 +/- 0.03 Gy, to red bone marrow for these persons. Validation of external doses at the remaining villages is an active area of investigation.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Comment on paper by Hayes, Haskell, and Kenner.
- Author
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Anspaugh LR, Shishkina EA, Shved VA, Degteva MO, Tolstykh EI, and Napier BA
- Subjects
- Humans, Middle Aged, Models, Theoretical, Reproducibility of Results, Water Pollutants, Radioactive analysis, Water Pollutants, Radioactive pharmacokinetics, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy methods, Gamma Rays, Models, Biological, Radiometry methods, Strontium analysis, Strontium pharmacokinetics, Tooth metabolism
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Age dependencies of 90Sr incorporation in dental tissues: comparative analysis and interpretation of different kinds of measurements obtained for residents on the Techa River.
- Author
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Tolstykh EI, Shishkina EA, Degteva MO, Ivanov DV, Shved VA, Bayankin SN, Anspaugh LR, Napier BA, Wieser A, and Jacob P
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Age Factors, Bone and Bones radiation effects, Child, Child, Preschool, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, Environmental Exposure, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Russia, Time Factors, Dental Enamel radiation effects, Radioactive Fallout, Strontium Radioisotopes analysis, Tooth growth & development, Tooth radiation effects
- Abstract
Human teeth have been considered as dosimeters for decades. Methods include the in vivo measurement of 90Sr/90Y in teeth with a tooth-beta counter, the radiochemical determination of 90Sr in whole teeth, and the measurement of dose in teeth by use of electron paramagnetic resonance. Presented in this paper are results of 2,514 tooth-beta counter measurements, 334 radiochemical measurements, and 218 electron paramagnetic resonance measurements for residents living in settlements along the Techa River. All three kinds of measurements indicate a sharp peak that corresponds to the uptake of 90Sr by tooth tissue. The results can be interpreted in terms of an intake function for 90Sr only if the period of calcification of each individual tooth is considered--such detail on a tooth-by-tooth basis is presented in this paper. The conclusion is reached that the tooth-beta counter data are the most reliable in terms of reconstruction of 90Sr intake; this is due in part to the fact that the tooth-beta counter measures four teeth (all at position 1) with essentially the same time periods of mineralization and because there are a large number of tooth-beta counter measurements. The main utility of electron paramagnetic resonance measurements is considered to be the validation of estimates of external dose; but for this purpose teeth with 90Sr taken up into enamel must be avoided.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. A mathematical model for calculation of 90Sr absorbed dose in dental tissues: elaboration and comparison to EPR measurements.
- Author
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Shishkina EA, Lyubashevskii NM, Tolstykh EI, Ignatiev EA, Betenekova TA, and Nikiforov SV
- Subjects
- Animals, Dogs, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, Humans, Mathematics, Models, Dental, Monte Carlo Method, Radiation Dosage, Strontium Radioisotopes administration & dosage, Strontium Radioisotopes pharmacokinetics, Tissue Distribution, Strontium Radioisotopes analysis, Tooth chemistry, Tooth radiation effects
- Abstract
A mathematical model for calculation of the 90Sr absorbed doses in dental tissues is presented. The results of the Monte-Carlo calculations are compared to the data obtained by EPR measurements of dental tissues. Radiometric measurements of the 90Sr concentrations. TLD and EPR dosimetry investigations were performed in animal (dog) study. The importance of the irregular 90Sr distribution in the dentine for absorbed dose formation has been shown. The dominant dose formation factors (main source-tissues) were identified for the crown dentine and enamel. The model has shown agreement with experimental data which allows to determine further directions of the human tooth model development.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Strontium metabolism in teeth and enamel dose assessment: analysis of the Techa river data.
- Author
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Tolstykh EI, Degteva MO, Kozheurov VP, Shishkina EA, Romanyukha AA, Wieser A, and Jacob P
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Age of Onset, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bone and Bones radiation effects, Child, Child, Preschool, Databases, Factual, Dental Enamel radiation effects, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, Electron Transport, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Monte Carlo Method, Russia, Sex Factors, Time Factors, Tooth radiation effects, Dental Enamel metabolism, Radioactive Fallout, Strontium Radioisotopes adverse effects, Strontium Radioisotopes metabolism, Tooth metabolism
- Abstract
People living on the banks of the Techa river were exposed to 90Sr in the early 1950s. Data obtained by radiochemical measurements of extracted permanent teeth, 90Sr autopsy measurements in bone and tooth samples, in vivo measurements of surface beta activity of the anterior teeth and whole-body counter (WBC) measurements of 90Sr in the skeleton have been analyzed. Surface beta activity measurements indicate a biological half-life of 90Sr of about 35 years in enamel. The WBC measurements have been performed since 1974 and a model for the age-dependent strontium retention in human bone has been used to extrapolate to previous time periods when the other measurement results were obtained. For the first decade after the intake, the ratio of the 90Sr concentrations in teeth and bones were found to decrease with age at the time of major intake, from about 10 for 1-year-old children to about 0.3 for adults. There was a considerable variability of individual data within each age group. For adults, the correlation between 90Sr in skeleton and teeth was not high at 0.47 according to radiochemical data for posterior teeth (molars and premolars) and 0.43 according to measurements of surface beta activity for anterior teeth. For children and adolescents there was no correlation between individual measurements in the skeleton and teeth. The absorbed dose in enamel due to 90Sr in dentine has been calculated by Monte Carlo simulations of the electron transport. The results are in agreement with EPR measurements of the absorbed dose in the enamel of persons exposed, mainly due to 90Sr ingestion.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. EPR dose reconstruction for bone-seeking 90Sr.
- Author
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Ignatiev EA, Lyubashevskii NM, Shishkina EA, and Romanyukha AA
- Subjects
- Absorption, Animals, Calibration, Dogs, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, Femur metabolism, Jaw metabolism, Radiometry, Tissue Distribution, Bone and Bones metabolism, Radiation Dosage, Strontium Radioisotopes pharmacokinetics, Tooth metabolism
- Abstract
The results of the EPR dose reconstruction in calcified tissues of dog injected with 90Sr are presented. It has been established that there is no essential difference in the values of doses absorbed in tooth tissues of teeth in symmetric positions in the mouth, whereas a significant difference occurs in the values of absorbed doses in teeth in non-symmetric positions. In the case of 90Sr internal exposure the dose reconstruction in crown dentine plays an important role. It has been found that its quantity is close to the dose in diaphyseal cortical bone of the femur, dose at the endosteal bone surface and in femural fatty marrow. The fact that these values exceed doses absorbed in tooth enamel points out the predominant contribution of internal exposure. The highest absorbed doses have been observed in metaphyseal trabecular femur bones, tooth alveolar bone walls, and cortical and trabecular vertebra that can be considered as suitable candidates for biomarkers of internal 90Sr exposure for post-mortal autopsy. The satisfactory correlation has been found between the doses reconstructed in calcified dog tissues and the doses measured by EPR in alanine dosimeters fixed in (or nearby) the sites of autopsy of bones/teeth. The experiments provide support for the view that EPR retrospective dosimetry with calcified tissues for internal exposure is unique in providing useful information on the doses obtained.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. [Continuity of medical care between hospitals and outpatient clinics].
- Author
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Gomel'skaia GL, Ermakov VV, and Shishkina EA
- Subjects
- Adult, Humans, Middle Aged, USSR, Ambulatory Care, Hospitalization
- Published
- 1981
41. [Experimental verification of the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps].
- Author
-
Shishkina EA
- Subjects
- Humans, International Cooperation, USSR, Disability Evaluation, Disease classification, World Health Organization
- Published
- 1987
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