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Aims To examine the effects of a 24-month treatment with ipragliflozin on carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in type 2 diabetes patients. Methods and results In this multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, and blinded-endpoint investigator-initiated clinical trial, adults with type 2 diabetes and haemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) of 6.0–10.0% (42–86 mmol/mol) were randomized equally to ipragliflozin (50 mg daily) and non-sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor use of standard-care (control group) for type 2 diabetes and were followed-up to 24 months. The primary endpoint was the change in mean common carotid artery IMT (CCA-IMT) from baseline to 24 months. A total of 482 patients were equally allocated to the ipragliflozin (N = 241) and control (N = 241) groups, and 464 patients (median age 68 years, female 31.7%, median type 2 diabetes duration 8 years, median HbA1c 7.3%) were included in the analyses. For the primary endpoint, the changes in the mean CCA-IMT from baseline to 24 months were 0.0013 [95% confidence interval (CI), −0.0155–0.0182] mm and 0.0015 (95% CI, −0.0155–0.0184) mm in the ipragliflozin and control groups, respectively, with an estimated group difference (ipragliflozin-control) of −0.0001 mm (95% CI, −0.0191–0.0189; P = 0.989). A group difference in HbA1c change at 24 months was also non-significant between the treatment groups [−0.1% (95% CI, −0.2–0.1); P = 0.359]. Conclusion Twenty-four months of ipragliflozin treatment did not affect carotid IMT status in patients with type 2 diabetes recruited in the PROTECT study, relative to the non-SGLT2 inhibitor-use standard care for type 2 diabetes.

Cardiac involvement has been reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We herein report a 41-year-old man who presented with recurrent paroxysmal atrioventricular block without showing significant cardiac injuries or comorbidities. The patient was diagnosed with COVID-19 and admitted to our hospital, where he was noted to have paroxysmal atrioventricular block. Cardiac biomarkers, echocardiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings were fairly normal. An endomyocardial biopsy performed before the implantation of a permanent pacemaker revealed mild myocardial fibrosis without inflammatory infiltrates. The unusual myocardial involvement of the novel coronavirus was suspected.

An efficient one-pot synthetic procedure for the synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted pyridines has been successfully established. The method proceeds through a 6pi-azaelectrocyclization-aromatization sequence. Using this method, a wide variety of pyridine structures substituted at the 2-position have been rapidly constructed from vinyl stannanes, vinyl iodide, sulfonamide, and a palladium catalyst. The method was further applied to the solid-phase synthesis wherein the use of a "traceless" sulfonamide linker enabled the rapid preparation of a small library of pyridines with high purity, without any chromatographic separation.

A novel and useful method for the synthesis of 2-arylpyridines with a high efficiency and generality was achieved by utilizing the one-pot 6π-azaelectrocyclization followed by a base treatment. This is the first example of applying a sulfonamide to the azaelectrocyclization for efficient substituted pyridine synthesis.

A novel and useful method for the synthesis of 2-arylpyridines with a high efficiency and generality was achieved by utilizing the one-pot 6π-azaelectrocyclization followed by a base treatment. This is the first example of applying a sulfonamide to the azaelectrocyclization for efficient substituted pyridine synthesis.

Cross metathesis reaction of short chain Boc sphingosine using Grubbs’ 2nd generation catalyst proceeded in stereoselective manner to afford Boc sphingosine in good yield. An efficient synthesis of...