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A novel method for achieving linear phase shift is proposed over the frequency range of 2 - 6 GHz. Dielectric characterization of FR4 substrate interfaced with air as well as water produces the phase shift. The substrate property is modified by introducing a plain rectangular packet and W-shaped packet within the FR4 substrate. The overall dimension of the proposed structure is 30 × 60 mm2. Across the entire proposed frequency range, the reflection coefficient is less than −10 dB. The proposed coplanar waveguide with water- and air-stacked FR4 substrate is simulated, fabricated, and measured for its linear phase shifting characteristics analyzed in ISM 2.45, 3.3, and 5.8 GHz bands. The analysis over the entire band depicts that the differential shift in phase is directly proportional to the effective dielectric constant of the material used. The design will be more useful in automotive anti-collision radars in military, cellular base stations, and satellite communications.

This paper presents the design, testing, and analysis of a clover structured monopole antenna for super wideband applications. The proposed antenna has a wide impedance bandwidth (−10 dB bandwidth) from 1.9 GHz to frequency over 30 GHz. The clover shaped antenna with a compact size of 50 mm × 45 mm is designed and fabricated on an FR4 substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm. Parametric study has been performed by varying the parameters of the clover to obtain an optimum wide band characteristics. Furthermore, the prototype introduces a method of achieving super wide bandwidth by deploying fusion of elliptical patch geometries (clover shaped) with a semi elliptical ground plane, loaded with a V-cut at the ground. The proposed antenna has a 14 dB bandwidth from 5.9 to 13.1 GHz, which is suitable for ultra wideband (UWB) outdoor propagation. The prototype is experimentally validated for frequencies within and greater than UWB. Transfer function, impulse response, and group delay has been plotted in order to address the time domain characteristics of the proposed antenna with fidelity factor values. The possible applications cover wireless local area network, C-band, Ku-band, K-band operations, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, and Wireless USB.