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Background: To assess the quality change of our single-center pediatric colonoscopy after applying bundle for bowel preparation and general anesthesia and centralize the procedure using terminal ileum (TI) intubation rate as the main indicator. Methods: All elective colonoscopies performed for patients younger than 18 years old in MacKay Memorial Hospital from July 2015 through June 2020 (assigned to group 1, before bundle) and from August 2020 through July 2021 (assigned to group 2, after bundle) were retrospectively reviewed for demographic characteristics, indications, bowel preparation agent and cleansing level, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, maximum intestinal level reached, and cecal intubation and total procedure time. Statistical analysis was done using P value

Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) was initially recognized as a significant regulator of cancer suppression and could impede cancer cell survival, proliferation, and energy metabolism. PTEN is highly expressed in neurons and performs crucial functions in neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and neuronal survival. Disruption of PTEN activity may also result in abnormal neuronal function and is associated with various neurological disorders, including stroke, seizures, and autism. Although several studies have shown that PTEN is involved in the development and degenerative processes of the nervous system, there is still a lack of in-depth studies that summarize and analyse patterns of cooperation between authors, institutions, countries, and journals, as well as research hotspots and trends in this important field. To identify and further visualize the cooperation and comprehend the development and trends of PTEN in the nervous system, especially in neural development and neurological diseases, we used a bibliometric analysis to identify relevant publications on this topic. We first found that the number of publications displayed a growing trend with time, but this was not stable. Universities, institutions, and authors from the United States are leading in this area of research. In addition, many cutting-edge research results have been discovered, such as key regulatory molecules and cellular mechanisms of PTEN in the nervous system, which may provide novel intervention targets and precise therapeutic strategies for related pathological injuries and diseases. Finally, the literature published within the last 5 years is discussed to identify future research trends regarding PTEN in the nervous system. Taken together, our findings, analysed using bibliometrics, may reflect research hotspots and trends, providing a reference for studying PTEN in the nervous system, especially in neural development and neurological diseases. These findings can assist new researchers in developing their research interests and gaining basic information. Moreover, our findings also may provide precise clinical guidelines and strategies for treating nervous system injuries and diseases caused by PTEN dysfunction.

Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) detection algorithm is used to compensate the Mode Dependent Loss (MDL) in Mode Division Multiplexing (MDM) optical fiber channel. The problem of MIMO detection algorithm is that the computational complexity is too high and the performance is degraded with a large number of modes. This paper proposes to apply Massive-MIMO detection algorithms to the fiber channel, The algorithms include Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) , Conjugate Gradient (CG) , Gauss Seidel (GS) , and Alternating Direction Method of multipliers based Infinity-Norm (ADMIN) , and Optimized Coordinate Descent based BOX constraint (OCDBOX) . The result shows that the OCDBOX has the best Bit Error Rate (BER) performance in MDL-impaired MDM optical fiber communication system while higher complexity. The ADMIN has the second best BER performance and lower computational complexity. Therefore, the ADMIN detection algorithm can represent a good candidate in the MDM system with MDL.

Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) detection algorithm is used to compensate the Mode Dependent Loss (MDL) in Mode Division Multiplexing (MDM) optical fiber channel. The problem of MIMO detection algorithm is that the computational complexity is too high and the performance is degraded with a large number of modes. This paper proposes to apply Massive-MIMO detection algorithms to the fiber channel, The algorithms include Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) , Conjugate Gradient (CG) , Gauss Seidel (GS) , and Alternating Direction Method of multipliers based Infinity-Norm (ADMIN) , and Optimized Coordinate Descent based BOX constraint (OCDBOX) . The result shows that the OCDBOX has the best Bit Error Rate (BER) performance in MDL-impaired MDM optical fiber communication system while higher complexity. The ADMIN has the second best BER performance and lower computational complexity. Therefore, the ADMIN detection algorithm can represent a good candidate in the MDM system with MDL.

BackgroundSkin regeneration is a challenging issue worldwide. Increasing research has highlighted the role of immune cells in healing and the underlying regulatory mechanism. The purpose of this study was to identify the hotspots and trends in skin regeneration and inflammation research through bibliometrics and to provide insights into the future development of fundamental research and disease treatment.MethodsPublications were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection on March 1, 2022. Articles and reviews published in English from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2022, were selected, and statistical analyses of countries, institutions, authors, references, and keywords were performed using VOSviewer 1.6.18 and CiteSpace 5.8.ResultsA total of 3,894 articles and reviews were selected. The number of publications on skin inflammation and regeneration showed an increasing trend over time. Additionally, authors and institutions in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and China appeared to be at the forefront of research in the field of skin inflammation and regeneration. Werner Sabine published some of the most cited papers. Wound Repair and Regeneration was the most productive journal, while Journal of Investigative Dermatology was the most cited journal. Angiogenesis, diamonds, collagen, cytokine, and keratinocytes were the five most commonly used keywords.ConclusionThe number of publications on skin inflammation and regeneration show an increasing trend. Moreover, a series of advanced technologies and treatments for skin regeneration, such as exosomes, hydrogels, and wound dressings, are emerging, which will provide precise information for the treatment of skin wounds. This study can enhance our understanding of current hotspots and future trends in skin inflammation and regeneration research, as well as provide guidelines for fundamental research and clinical treatment.

BackgroundGlaucoma is the first irreversible and second blindness disease, which is characterized by the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and degeneration of the optic nerve. Previous works have indicated that apoptosis is the main reason for RGC death in glaucoma. Although many studies have investigated the mechanism of apoptosis and different strategies targeting apoptosis to protect the RGCs and finally recover the impaired vision in the glaucoma. However, the global trend and hotspots of apoptosis in glaucoma have not been well illustrated and discussed.MethodsDocuments were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection on November 2, 2022. We selected articles and reviews published in English from January 1, 1999 to November 1, 2022 to perform visual analysis and statistical analysis of countries, institutions, authors, references and keywords by VOSviewer 1.6.18 and CiteSpace 5.8.ResultsThe publications about apoptosis in glaucoma show an increasing trend over time. Besides, the authors, institutions in the US and China published the most numbers of articles with the highest citation, which may be leading the research in the field of apoptosis in glaucoma. Last, series of advanced research results, technology and treatment for glaucoma, such as the discovery of key regulatory mechanisms on RGC apoptosis are emerging and will provide precise strategies for the treatment of glaucoma.ConclusionThis research will broaden our comprehension about the role of apoptosis in the process of glaucoma, and provide guidelines for us in basic research and disease treatment in the further.

Dual-specificity phosphatase 2 (DUSP2) regulates the activation of members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, which is involved in a variety of cellular processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and migration. DUSP2 also regulates the expression of inflammatory mediators in macrophages; however, it remains unknown whether DUSP2 participates in macrophage migration. Here, using the tail fin injury model in zebrafish larvae, we found that the deletion of DUSP2 inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and macrophage chemokines. Moreover, live imaging results showed that the migration of macrophages to the injury site was inhibited after DUSP2 deletion. This inhibitory effect was mediated through the reduced activation of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) in DUSP2 knockout zebrafish.

Abstract The memristor of sandwich structure is prepared by employing the ferroelectric copolymer poly (vinylidene fluoride/trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE)). The device exhibits great bipolar resistance switching characteristics. The low on–off voltage (3/−2.7 V) and high Ion/Ioff ratio (≈103) as well as fast switching speed are obtained in this device. Based on the intrinsic spontaneous polarization characteristics of ferroelectric materials, the conduction mechanism model of ferroelectric film conductive channel is established and the linear relationship between conductivity and average polarization intensity is given. The calculated results of conductance–voltage (G–V) curve show an obvious hysteresis phenomenon and the distinguishable high/low conductivity states. This physical model is consistent with the experimental results, indicating a reasonable conduction mechanism of the device.

Background: Regulation of cell death plays a key role in numerous diseases. As a proline isomerase, prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1) is important for the regulation of signaling pathways. An in-depth understanding of how Pin1 participates in the process of cell death, which affects the occurrence and development of diseases, will aid in the discovery of new disease mechanisms and therapeutic methods. Thus, the purpose of our study was to discover the research trends and hotspots of Pin1 and cell death through bibliometric analyses and to provide insights for understanding the future development of basic research and treatment of diseases.Methods: Documents were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection on 7 May 2022. We selected articles and reviews published in English from 2000 to 2021, and visual and statistical analyses of countries, institutions, authors, references and keywords were performed using VOSviewer 1.6.18 and CiteSpace 5.8.Results: A total of 395 articles and reviews were selected. Since 2001, the number of articles on Pin1 and cell death has increased annually. Publications come from 43 countries, with the US having the most publications and citations. We identified 510 authors, with Giannino Del Sal having the most articles and Paola Zacchi having the most co-citations. The Journal of Biological Chemistry is the most researched journal, and Nature and its subjournals are the most cited journals. Apoptosis, phosphorylation, and breast cancer were the three most common keywords.Conclusion: The number of documents showed an increasing trend from 2001 to 2014. Stagnant growth after 2014 may be related to the absence of new research hotspots. Cooperative links between core institutions need to be strengthened, and the institution with the highest citation count in recent years is Fujian Medical University in China. The role of Pin1 in cell death requires further research to discover new research hotspots. Before breakthroughs in molecular mechanism or signaling pathway research, future research will focus more on the treatment of diseases represented by Pin1 inhibitors.

Aiming at the application research of polar code in optical communication system, this paper proposes the combination of polar coding modulation and optical fiber Module Division Multiplexing (MDM) system. We construct an MDM system based on bit interleaved polar coding modulation, and study the performance of Maximum Likelihood (ML) detection algorithm. The simulation results show that the addition of polar code greatly improves the system performance. Compared with the MDM system without coding, the MDM system with bit interleaved polar coding modulation improves the system performance by about 8 dB under the same Mode Dependent Loss (MDL) . The paper also shows the performance of ML detection algorithm and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) detection algorithm in MDM system. The impact of different mode loss on system performance is also studied. Compared with MMSE detection algorithm, ML detection algorithm improves the bit error performance by about 3 dB.

Aiming at the application research of polar code in optical communication system, this paper proposes the combination of polar coding modulation and optical fiber Module Division Multiplexing (MDM) system. We construct an MDM system based on bit interleaved polar coding modulation, and study the performance of Maximum Likelihood (ML) detection algorithm. The simulation results show that the addition of polar code greatly improves the system performance. Compared with the MDM system without coding, the MDM system with bit interleaved polar coding modulation improves the system performance by about 8 dB under the same Mode Dependent Loss (MDL) . The paper also shows the performance of ML detection algorithm and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) detection algorithm in MDM system. The impact of different mode loss on system performance is also studied. Compared with MMSE detection algorithm, ML detection algorithm improves the bit error performance by about 3 dB.

Abstract Elderly patients with cardiovascular diseases account for a large proportion of Corona virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)related deaths. COVID-19, as a new coronavirus, mainly targets the patient’s lung triggering a cascade of innate and adaptive immune responses in the host. The principal causes of death among COVID-19 patients, especially elderly subjects with cardiovascular diseases, are acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and microvascular thrombosis. All prompted by an excessive uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response. Immunosenescence, characterized by systemic and chronic inflammation as well as innate/adaptive immune imbalance, presents both in the elderly and cardiovascular patients. COVID-19 infection further aggravates the existing inflammatory process and lymphocyte depletion leading to uncontrollable systemic inflammatory responses, which is the primary cause of death. Based on the higher mortality, this study attempts to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms of COVID-19 in elderly subjects with cardiovascular diseases as well as the cause of the high mortality result from COVID-19.