Search

Deformable optics, including mechanically-bent and bimorph mirrors, are essential optical elements for X-ray beam dynamical focusing and wavefront correction. Existing mechanical bender technology often suffers from poor repeatability and does not include twist compensation. We recently developed an elliptically bent mirror based on a laminar flexure bending mechanism that yielded promising results*,**. In this work, the mirror surface twist was characterized using a Fizeau interferometer under different bending conditions. By applying a shimming correction, the surface twist was successfully reduced from 50 urad to 1.5 urad. The twist angle variation from no bending to the maximum bending is less than 0.5 urad. Our simulation results show that these numbers are significantly lower than the required values to ensure optimum optical performance. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of the twist compensation procedures and validates the mirror bender design parameters., Proceedings of the 11th Mechanical Engineering Design of Synchrotron Radiation Equipment and Instrumentation, MEDSI2020, Chicago, IL, USA

The Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) is being upgraded to a multi-bend achromat (MBA) lattice storage ring which will increase brightness and coherent flux by several orders of magnitude. As part of this upgrade a total of 15 beamlines were selected to be enhanced to take advantage of the new source ��� these are designated as ���Enhanced Beamlines���. Among these is the enhancement to 2-ID, which includes an upgrade and move of the existing Bionanoprobe (BNP) from 9-ID [1]. This instrument will become the second generation Bionanoprobe II (BNP-II) with intent of studying cryogenic samples with sub-10 nm resolution. This upgrade requires a high performing metrology configuration and design to achieve the desired spatial resolution while adapting to the various constraints of the instrument. The cryogenic sample environment and detection constraints offer significant challenges for implementing a metrology scheme. In this paper we report on the new traveling interferometer configuration proposed for BNP-II., Proceedings of the 11th Mechanical Engineering Design of Synchrotron Radiation Equipment and Instrumentation, MEDSI2020, Chicago, IL, USA

Kirkpatrick and Baez (K-B) mirror-based nanofocusing optics* will be applied to many beamlines endstation instruments for the APS-Upgrade (APS-U) project. Precision nanopositioning stages with nanometer-scale linear positioning resolution and nanoradian-scale angular stability are needed as alignment apparatus for the K-B mirror hard X-ray nanofocusing optics. For instance, at the APS-U 19-ID In Situ Nanoprobe beamline endstation**, to maintain stability of a 20-nm focal spot on the sample, nanofocusing K-B mirror system with 5-nrad angular stability is required. Similar angular resolution and stability are also required for APS-U 9-ID CSSI***, APS-U 34-ID ATOMIC**** and other beamline endstation instruments. Modular nanopositioning flexure stages have been developed for the K-B mirror nanofocusing optics, which includes: linear vertical and horizontal flexure stages, tip-tilting flexure stages, and flexure mirror benders for bendable nanofocusing K-B mirrors, to overcome the performance limitations of precision ball-bearing-based or roller-bearing-based stage systems. The mechanical design and preliminary test results are described in this paper., Proceedings of the 11th Mechanical Engineering Design of Synchrotron Radiation Equipment and Instrumentation, MEDSI2020, Chicago, IL, USA

As part of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) project, the Coherent Surface Scattering Imaging (CSSI) [1] instrument is currently being developed. One of the most important components of the CSSI instrument at the 9-ID beamline of the APS-U, the Kirkpatrick-Baez (K-B) mirror system, will focus hard X-rays to a diffrac-tion-limited size of 500 nanometers at a working distance of 550 mm. High angular stability (19 nrad for the hori-zontal mirror and 14 nrad for the vertical mirror) is speci-fied no just for the focused beamsize but, more important-ly, to ensure the beam stability at the detector position that is up to 24 m from the K-B mirrors. A large sample-to-detector distance (up to 23 m), one of the beamline���s unique features for achieving a sufficient coherent-imaging spatial oversampling, requires sample angular stability of 50 nrad. In CSSI scattering geometry, the vertically placed sample reflects X-rays in the horizontal direction at an extremely shallow angle. The design in-cludes two high-precision rotary stages for sample pitch (vertical axis) and yaw (horizontal axis). The current design of instrument���s nano-positioning stages [2] and metrology required to satisfy the stability and positioning requirements are discussed in this paper., Proceedings of the 11th Mechanical Engineering Design of Synchrotron Radiation Equipment and Instrumentation, MEDSI2020, Chicago, IL, USA

Wavefront preservation is essential for numerous X-ray science applications. Research is currently underway at the Advanced Photon Source to characterize and minimize Bragg-plane slope errors in diamond crystal optics*. Understanding the effect of cooling the optics to cryogenic temperatures on Bragg-plane slope errors is of interest to this research. Through the use of a finite element model a custom, compact vacuum chamber with liquid nitrogen cooling of samples was designed and manufactured. The design process and initial results are discussed in this paper., Proceedings of the 11th Mechanical Engineering Design of Synchrotron Radiation Equipment and Instrumentation, MEDSI2020, Chicago, IL, USA

The In Situ Nanoprobe (ISN, 19-ID) beamline will be a new best-in-class long beamline to be constructed as part of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) project*,**. To achieve long working distance at high spatial resolution, the ISN instrument will be positioned 210 m downstream of the x-ray source, in a dedicated satellite building, currently under construction***. The ISN instrument will use a nano-focusing Kirkpatrick-Baez (K-B) mirror system, which will focus hard x-rays to a focal spot as small as 20 nm, with a large working distance of 61 mm. The large working distance provides space for various in situ sample cells for x-ray fluorescence tomography and ptychographic 3D imaging, allows the use of a separate, independent vacuum chambers for the optics and sample, and provides the flexibility to run experiments in vacuum or at ambient pressure. A consequence of the small spot size and large working distance is the requirement for high angular stability of the KB mirrors (5 nrad V-mirror and 16 nrad H-mirror) and high relative stability between focus spot and sample (4 nmRMS). Additional features include fly-scanning a maximum of a 2 kg sample plus in situ cell at 1 mm/s in vertical and/or horizontal directions over an area of 10 mm x 10 mm. Environmental capabilities will include heating and cooling, flow of fluids and applied fields, as required for electrochemistry and flow of gases at high temperature for catalysis. To achieve these features and precise requirements we have used precision engineering fundamentals to guide the design process. We will discuss in detail the current design of the instrument focusing on the precision engineering used to achieve the stability, metrology, and positioning requirements., Proceedings of the 11th Mechanical Engineering Design of Synchrotron Radiation Equipment and Instrumentation, MEDSI2020, Chicago, IL, USA