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The protective effects of water extracts of djulis (Chenopodium formosanum) (WECF) and their bioactive compounds on particulate matter (PM)-induced oxidative injury in A549 cells via the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling were investigated. WECF at 50–300 µg/mL protected A549 cells from PM-induced cytotoxicity. The cytoprotection of WECF was associated with decreases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation, and increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) contents. WECF increased Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in A549 cells exposed to PM. SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor) and U0126 (an ERK inhibitor) attenuated the WECF-induced Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. According to the HPLC-MS/MS analysis, rutin (2219.7 µg/g) and quercetin derivatives (2648.2 µg/g) were the most abundant bioactive compounds present in WECF. Rutin and quercetin ameliorated PM-induced oxidative stress in the cells. Collectively, the bioactive compounds present in WECF can protect A549 cells from PM-induced oxidative injury by upregulating Nrf2 and HO-1 via activation of the ERK and JUN signaling pathways.

Purpose The current study explores which types of delinquent activities bullies, victims, and bully/victims are most at risk of from a sample of urban African American adolescents. Design and methods The research design was cross-sectional, which includes a sample of low-income African American adolescents in Chicago's Southside. The study participants included 523 adolescents. Descriptive statistics, latent class analysis, and logistic regression analysis were conducted. Results Bullies, victims, and bully/victims are all at a heightened risk of theft, threatening behavior, and assaultive behavior. Irrespective of bullying status, delinquency is a serious problem for urban adolescents who are bullies, victims, or bully/victims. Conclusions Investigating the types of delinquent activities bullies, victims, and bully/victims are most likely to be involved in is important. Implications for practice Evidence-based treatment plans require assessment tools that are tailored for urban African American adolescents. Nurses are advised to consider interventions that promote resilience.

The antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from fermented mustard were investigated in vitro and in vivo. One hundred and fifty nine strains of LAB isolated from traditional Taiwan fermented mustard were evaluated for their adherence ability, acid and bile tolerance and antimicrobial activity in vitro. In addition, Wistar rats were orally administered with soy fermented products fermented with CNU091 for their antimicrobial activity in vivo. Fecal and fecal of cecum samples were collected to determine number of beneficial bacteria Bifidobacterium spp. and harmful bacteria Clostridium perfringens by classical plate count and by PCR amplification. Of the strains, CNU091 was acid- and bile-tolerant, and significantly higher adherence to Caco-2 cells compared with the commercial probiotic. CNU091 identified as Lactobacillus plantarum with 16S rRNA sequences could inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. Fecal and fecal of cecum samples were collected to determine number of beneficial bacteria Bifidobacterium spp. and harmful bacteria Clostridium perfringens, CNU091 had a significant antimicrobial activity compared to the control. The villus height (Vh) / crypt depth (Cd) ratio were increased, which suggested CNU091 modulated intestinal mucin composition. The results implicated CNU091 on antibacterial activity may be regarded as a biological activity and have potential for improving the intestinal health.

While there is a strong assumption of a direct link between family climate and school bullying victimization, studies on such a direct link have shown inconsistent results. Furthermore, family climate and children’s social relationships with teachers and peers at school have been considered potential protective factors against school bullying victimization among adolescents. However, not much is known about how these factors function as protectors against school bullying victimization among children early in middle childhood. Studies examining how these protective factors work together to reduce school bullying victimization are also lacking. This paper attempts to fill the gap by studying how children’s social relationships with peers and teachers at school mediate the association of family climate with school bullying victimization among children in the early period of their middle childhood in Taiwan. It also examines how sex influences the mediating effects and interrelationships among family climate, children’s school social relationships at school, and school bullying victimization. Data were obtained from a nationally representative sample of 1230 third graders (about 8 years old) in Taiwan. The results showed that family climate had a nonsignificant direct link with school bullying victimization, but a significant indirect link with school bullying victimization mediated through relationships with peers and teachers. These findings are relevant for both sexes. Findings provide empirical support that family climate has an indirect link with school bullying victimization through relationships with teachers and peers. The study indicated that to reduce school bullying victimization among those who are early in middle childhood, potential intervention programs may consider promoting students’ relationships with teachers and peers.

Identifying cold-related genes can provide insights into the cold adaptation mechanism of weeping forsythia. In this study, we compared the changes in gene expressions and physiological and biochemical indices under short-term cold stimulation with the changes in gene sequences under a long-term heterogeneous environment to investigate the cold adaptation mechanism in weeping forsythia. The data of adaptive gene sequence changes, e.g., single nucleotide polymorphisms, were obtained from previous landscape genomics studies. The physiological and biochemical indicators and transcriptome results showed that weeping forsythia initiated a series of programs, including increasing cell osmotic pressures, scavenging ROS, activating the defense mechanism that crosses with pathogen infection, and upregulating CBF/DREB1 transcription factor 1, to cope with short-term cold stress. A reanalysis of landscape genomic data suggested that weeping forsythia responded to long-term heterogeneous cold stress by the differentiation of genes related to synthesis of aromatic substances and adenosine triphosphate. Our results supported the hypothesis that the adaptation mechanisms of species to short-term environmental stimulation and long-term stress in heterogeneous environments are different. The differences in cold tolerance among populations are not necessarily obtained by changing cold-responsive gene sequences. This study provides new insights into the cold adaptation mechanisms of plants.

Guided respiration mindfulness therapy (GRMT) is a clinical model of breathwork that has shown promise as a treatment for depression, anxiety, and stress. This study examined the effectiveness of GRMT as a holistically oriented intervention for reducing psychological distress in nurses. Sixty-two nurses were assigned to either five sessions of GRMT or 5 sessions of a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) comparison condition which were conducted over 5 weeks. A no-treatment control was also included. Session-by-session change in depression, anxiety, and stress, along with change in mindfulness and self-compassion were assessed. Multilevel analysis showed GRMT resulted in statistically significant reductions in overall psychological distress, anxiety, and stress levels, as well as significant increases in mindfulness and self-compassion with large to very large effect sizes. On all measures, GRMT performed better than the comparison MBI intervention which showed no significant effect on stress levels. Results suggest that GRMT can provide nurses with an effective group intervention for reducing stress, and increasing mindfulness and self-compassion which are foundational elements of self-care for the holistic nurse.

The prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and the number of patients undergoing dialysis in Taiwan are high. Since September 2009, the National Health Insurance has started to provide hospice care to patients with renal failure in Taiwan. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the use of hospice and nonhospice care in patients with ESRD on dialysis. We aim to understand trends in patients with ESRD receiving hospice and nonhospice care as well as medical care efforts during the last month of their lives (2009-2013).The cohort study was conducted using 1 million randomly selected samples from the Taiwan Health Insurance Research Database for millions of people in Taiwan in 2009-2013. Descriptive statistics were presented to summarize the characteristics of data. To compare differences between cohorts, Chi-square tests and Student'sWe recruited 770 ESRD patients who underwent hemodialysis; among them, 154 patients received hospice care. Patients who received hospice care had a significantly longer survival time after removal of mechanical ventilator (20 vs. 0 days) and after discontinuation of dialysis (2 vs. 0 days) compared with those who did not receive hospice care. Patients who received hospice care had more pain control (61.04% vs. 17.37%,Our results suggest that the addition of hospice care may permit patients a longer life-support-free survival time. In addition, despite a more frequent symptomatic controlling agent use, hospice care significantly reduced the overall medical expenditure.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of CD209 (cluster of differentiation 209) may influence expression levels, and higher expression of CD209 on immune cells correlate with severity of cartilage destruction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Due to the lack of a comprehensive study, this study aimed to investigate the CD209 promoter variants and haplotypes in a Taiwanese population and the association with RA development. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 126 RA patients and 124 healthy controls was purified, and the CD209 gene promoter was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and analyzed by Sanger sequencing. Results showed that a novel variant −96C>A polymorphism in CD209 promoter was identified in the Taiwanese population, and the frequency was significantly higher in RA patients than in controls (11.51% vs. 2.42%, P, The higher expression of CD209 on immune cells correlates with the severity of cartilage destruction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). By Sanger sequencing, we identified a novel −96C>A single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of CD209. The minor allele frequency of −96C>A was significantly higher in RA patients than in controls (11.51% vs. 2.42%, P

The antiproliferative effect and mediation of apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells induced by djulis husk and its bioactive compounds was investigated. The ethanolic extracts of djulis husk (EEDH) at 50, 250, and 500 &micro, g/mL induced remarkable cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells. By flow cytometry analysis, EEDH slowed down the cell cycle at the Sub-G0 phase after 24 h of incubation. Moreover, all EEDH treatment induced an apoptotic response in HepG2 cells. EEDH-induced apoptosis was associated with the attenuation of mitochondrial transmembrane potentials (&Delta, &Psi, m), an increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, activation of caspase-3, and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) cleavage, as well as an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. According to the HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS/MS analysis, quercetin and kaempferol derivatives and another sixteen compounds were present in EEDH. Quercetin and kaempferol at 25&ndash, 150 &mu, M showed antiproliferative action and induced apoptosis on HepG2 cells, which may in part account for the anticancer activity of EEDH. Overall, EEDH may be a potent chemopreventive agent due to apoptosis in HepG2 cells.

Although there is sufficient cultivation of Taiwanese nursing manpower, but problems of chronic shortage of nursing manpower, new nurses, and job changes for medical institutions...

This study investigates the association between neighborhood social cohesion, collective efficacy, and adolescent subjective well-being in a nationally representative sample of Taiwanese youth. The study represents a first to adapt and test a developmental ecological model within a Chinese cultural context. Data came from the Taiwan Youth Project, which assessed representative samples of seventh graders (n = 2,690) and ninth graders (n = 2,851) from both urban and rural counties. The analytic sample included 4,988 adolescents (M age = 14.4, SD = 1.14; 50% female) in Taiwan. A path analysis estimated the direct and indirect effects of social cohesion on adolescent well-being. The results suggest that neighbors can affect young people's well-being by reinforcing their perception of safety and enhancing their self-esteem. Comparisons between youth from urban and rural areas demonstrate a general similarity in the developmental processes, though the perception of safety is less of a concern in rural areas. Findings emphasize universal aspects of neighborhood collective efficacy and developmental-ecological models, as well as allude to culturally specific dimensions in a Chinese-based context.

Iron overload is related to leukemia transformation in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients. Siderophores help to transport iron. Type 2-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH2) is a rate-limiting factor in the biogenesis of siderophores. Using qRT-PCR, we analyze BDH2mRNA expression in the bone marrow (BM) of 187 MDS patients, 119 de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, and 43 lymphoma patients with normal BM. Elevated BDH2mRNA expression in BM is observed in MDS patients (n = 187 vs. 43, normal BM, P = 0.009), and this is related to ferritin levels. Patients with higher BDH2 expression show a greater risk of leukemia progression (15.25% vs. 3.77%, lower expression, P = 0.017) and shorter leukemia-free-survival (medium LFS, 9 years vs. 7 years, P = 0.024), as do patients with a ferritin level &ge, 350 ng/mL. Additionally, we investigate the mechanisms related to the prognostic ability of BDH2 by using BDH2-KD THP1. The cell cycle analysis, surface markers, and special stain studies indicate that BDH2-KD induces differentiation and decreases the growth rate of THP1 cells, which is associated with the retardation of the cell cycle. Moreover, many genes, including genes related to mitochondrial catabolism, oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and genes related to cell differentiation and proliferation influence BDH2-KD THP1 cells. Herein, we demonstrate that BDH2 is involved in cell cycle arrest and the inhibition of differentiation in malignant cells. Furthermore, the high BDH2 expression in MDS patients could be suggestive of a poor prognostic factor. This study provides a foundation for further research on the roles of BDH2 and iron metabolism in the pathogenesis of MDS.

Purpose: Congenital hemolytic anemia caused by red blood cell (RBC) membrane defects is a heterogeneous group of disorders. The present study aimed to search the causative gene mutations in patients with RBC membrane disorders in Taiwan. Materials and Methods: Next-generation sequencing approach using whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed. Sanger sequencing was performed for confirmation of variants detected in WES in patients and their family members. Results: Five causative variants, including two ANK1, two SPTA and one SPTB variants, were detected in four patients. All these variants, except one SPTA1 variant c.83G > A (p.R28H), are novel variants. Their pedigree analysis showed one de novo SPTA1 mutation c.83G > A (p.R28H) combined with αLELY, one de novo ANK1 mutation c.1034C > A (p.A345E), one autosomal dominant combined SPTA1 c.4604A > C (p.Q1535P) and SPTB c.6203 T > C (p.L2068P) mutations and one autosomal dominant ANK1 c.4462C > T (p.R1488X) mutation. Conclusions: Our data demonstrated that WES is an efficient tool for determining genetic etiologies of RBC membrane disorders and can facilitate accurate diagnosis and genetic counseling. Additional studies should be conducted on larger cohorts to investigate the distribution of gene mutations in patients with RBC membrane disorders in Taiwan.

Purpose: Macrophages are known to be important for healing numerous injured tissues depending on their functional phenotypes in response to different stimuli. The objective of this study was to reveal macrophage phenotypic changes involved in exercise-induced skeletal muscle injury and regeneration. Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats experienced one session of downhill running (16° decline, 16 m/min) for 90 min. After exercise the blood and soleus muscles were collected at 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 1 w and 2 w after exercise, separately. Results: It was showed that CD68+ M1 macrophages mainly infiltrated into muscle necrotic sites at 1–3 d, while CD163+ M2 macrophages were present in muscles from 0 h to 2 weeks after exercise. Using transmission electron microscopy, we observed activated satellite cells 1 d after exercise. Th1-associated transcripts of iNOS and Ccl2 were inhibited post exercise, while COX-2 mRNA was dramatically increased 12 h after running (p

• Mindfulness intervention using the MBSR program effectively reduces stress among newly graduated nurses.

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of an advance care planning (ACP) program on knowledge and attitudes concerning palliative care, and decisions regarding DNR orders in the older residents in a long-term care institution.A quasi-experimental design was used. Participants were cognitively unimpaired older residents in a long-term care institution in Taiwan. The experimental group (n = 29) received the intervention including an individual interview using an ACP handbook and a group patient education; whereas the control group (n = 28) received the group patient education only.There were significant positive effects of the ACP program on understanding of DNR and palliative care, willingness to sign a DNR order, and knowledge of and attitude towards palliative care; however, there was no significant effect on willingness to receive palliative care. Six participants signed the DNR order after the intervention compared to none in the control group.The ACP program can improve knowledge and attitudes towards palliative care in older residents in long-term care institutions.The ACP program could incorporate multiple components, including individual interview using ACP handbook and group patient education, and address knowledge and attitudes towards palliative care.

The aging of the Taiwanese population has become a major issue. Previous research has focused on the burden and stress faced by caregivers, but has not explored how the experience of these caregivers influences decisions of advance care planning (ACP). Semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted. Qualitative content analysis was used to identify important themes. Five themes and fourteen sub-themes were identified: (1) Past experiences: patient wishes, professional recommendations, and expectation about disease progress, (2) Impact of care on family members: positive affirmation, open-minded life, social isolation and health effects, and financial and life planning effects, (3) Attitude toward life: not forcing to stay, and not becoming a burden, (4) Expected proxy dilemmas: torment between doing or not, seeing the extension of suffering and toil, and remorse and self-blame, (5) Expectation of end of life (EOL) care: caregiver&rsquo, s experience and EOL care decisions, and practicality of EOL decision making. After making multiple medical decisions for their disabled relatives, caregivers are able to calmly face their own medical decisions, and &ldquo, not becoming a burden&rdquo, is their primary consideration. It&rsquo, s suggested that implementation of shared decision-making on medical care for patients with chronic disability will not only improve the quality of their medical care but also reduce the development of remorse and guilty feelings of caregivers after making medical decisions.

Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are two food pathogens that cause severe food poisonings. Another problem found on a global level is the continuous increase of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from food. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus plantarum against pathogenic bacteria including E. coli and S. aureus and to study if L. plantarum with antibacterial activity contained the most plantaricin genes or not. A total of 50 lactic acid bacteria isolates (LAB) were evaluated for antibacterial activity and identified plantaricin genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Seven LAB isolates with antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli were identified as Lactobacillus based on morphological physiological and biochemical properties. Using species-specific PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, B0039 was identified as Lactobacillus paracasei, other isolates were identified as L. plantarum. 3 strains tested positive for all the genes in the plnABCD operon. The plnEFI operon was detected in four strains. Genes encoding for the two-peptide plnJ/K were detected only in 2 strains. Finally, the plnG/V was also found in 3 strains of L. plantarm. The plantarum gene sequences of B0055 were 97 to 100% similarity with the L. plantarum WCFS1. The findings suggest that LAB with bacteriocin genes can be used as an alternative mechanism to control drug resistant foodborne pathogens. Key worlds: Lactobacillus, antibacterial activity, plantaricin gene, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli.

Poor sperm quality is one of the main factors of male infertility. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been used frequently in clinical practice in many countries to treat a wide array of infertile problems. To further understand the effects of TCM on semen quality, we retrospectively enrolled patients with male infertility and poor semen quality at the Tainan Municipal Hospital in Taiwan between 2013 and 2016. Semen quality analysis in accordance with the WHO criteria is an essential step in the evaluation of male fertility status. Associations between the semen parameters and body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use, duration of infertility, and age were also analyzed. A total of 126 male infertility patients with abnormal semen analysis were included in this study: 50 TCM users and 13 TCM non-users. The basic characteristics of the two groups were not significantly different. TCM users account for 92.5% of the total semen improvement subjects. In conclusion, TCM supplementation may have a beneficial role as improving sperm quality for infertility patients.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are well-known cytokines with pro-inflammatory capabilities, and have been shown to be involved in adaptation to exercise as multifaceted myokines. However, the precise role of IL-6 and TNF-α during exercise-induced skeletal muscle injury and subsequent repair processes is not fully understood. In this study, IL-6 and TNF-α were examined in soleus muscles at the gene and protein levels using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining, respectively, and serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were determined before and after a 90-min downhill running session in rats. There were no changes in serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α after exercise, but IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA increased and maintained high expression in muscles for 1–2 weeks after exercise. IL-6 and TNF-a mRNAs were identified in both the cytoplasm and the nuclei of myocytes, as well as in invading inflammatory cells. IL-6 and TNF-α protein mainly distributed in cytoplasm unevenly and had a prolonged expression until 2 weeks after eccentric exercise. Our results demonstrate that there is increased IL-6 and TNF-α expression in skeletal muscle that is induced by eccentric exercise and that the high expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in the long-term phase after eccentric exercise may be more involved in the subsequent recovery of damaged muscle.

Aims and objectives To explore the experiences and processes of advance care planning (ACP) discussions in older residents of a long-term care institution. Background Advance care planning can facilitate discussion about end-of-life care and help to identify individual's views, wishes and beliefs about dying at a time when they have the cognitive capacity to reflect on and/or make such decisions. Design A qualitative study was conducted. Methods Twenty-eight older adults in a long-term care institution participated in person-to-person interviews using an ACP booklet, which included topics such as life review, healthy habits and behaviours, and end-of-life care issues and information. The discussions were recorded, and thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) checklist was followed. Results Three themes were identified. First, participants identified that ACP could help to ensure that they achieved their view of a "good death." Second, the process of ACP bought up difficult decisions that many participants expressed uncertainty about making. Third, participants' ability and willingness to plan for end of life were shaped by considerations about their family members' needs, views and potential role as their future carer. Conclusions The ACP process involved not only personal ideas about good death but also families' concerns. Uncertainty and lack of information created difficult barriers. Relevance to clinical practice Healthcare professionals could address the concept of good death, deliver information for their concerns and promote communication with family members.

The university promotes and deepens the study of curriculum and service, improve students' self-reflective ability and civic behavior ability, through better curriculum, education and service practice, expand social influence. This study examines the participation of 110 participants in civil society participation in service learning at Open University, drawing on the development of events in collaboration with CSR-HRM, explore the impact of adult continuing learning. The main research methods of this paper are literature analysis. Participants were interviewed in depth and supported by structured questionnaires, the impact of the behavior process. Conclusions: through the application of these practices, participate in CSR-HRM collaboration to prove your own existence and value, and continue to complete the university curriculum decision, multiple administrative experience and the ability to reflect are important, civic behavior and ability innovation with sustained care and cooperation, to enhance the creativity and value of managers in human resource management (especially process dynamics) embedded in CSR, as a reference for the future development of organizational managers to promote corporate social responsibility decision-making.

This experiment was on the basis of the argon-arc clad injection technology, Ni60 self-fluxed alloy powder was coated on the surface of Q235 steel plate, then TiC, TiN, MoC and Co powder were sprayed by the modificated injection device, and at the same time the powder was vibrated by the ultrasonic-assisted vibration device self-designed. So the sprayed powder particles were smaller, shape was more regular, and distribution more uniform. The results show that the microhardness of composite coating was more than 5 times than that of the matrix, and the wear volume was about 1/5 than the matrix. The good combination, high strength and high wear resistance composite coating was obtained.

Objective: To evaluate the ability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from fermented mustard to lower the cholesterol in vitro. Methods: The ability of 50 LAB strains isolated from fermented mustard on lowering cholesterol in vitro was determined by modified o-phtshalaldehyde method. The LAB isolates were analyzed for their resistance to acid and bile salt. Strains with lowering cholesterol activity, were determined adherence to Caco-2 cells. Results: Strain B0007, B0006 and B0022 assimilated more cholesterol than BCRC10474 and BCRC 17010. The isolated strains showed tolerance to pH 3.0 for 3 h despite variations in the degree of viability and bile-tolerant strains, with more than 108 CFU/mL after incubation for 24 h at 1% oxigall in MRS. In addition, strain B0007 and B0022 identified as Lactobacillus plantarum with 16S rDNA sequences were able to adhere to the Caco-2 cell lines. Conclusions: These strains B0007 and B0022 may be potential functional sources for cholesterol-lowering activities as well as adhering to Caco-2 cell lines.

Antibacterial properties of Lactobacillus strains isolated from traditional fermented mustard were investigated. Among the strains tested, strain B0105 was found to produce bacteriocin-like compounds against Streptococcus mutans BCRC 10793. Strain B0105 was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum by phenotypical and physiological tests as well as16S rDNA identification. The molecular weight of bacteriocin-like compounds was 3.5 and 4.7 kDa by Tris-Tricine SDS-PAGE. In addition, this bacteriocin-like exhibited a strong antibacterial activity, heat stability (15 min at 121°C) and pH stability (pH 2.0–4.0) againstS. mutans BCRC 10793, however, it was sensitive to proteolytic enzyme. Overall, the results obtained, demonstrate that strain B0105 is able to produce bacteriocin-like compounds inhibiting S. mutans BCRC 10793, making it potential candidate for antibacterial agents. Key words: Lactobacillus plantarum, bacteriocin, Streptococcus mutans.

The cutting pick is primarily used in footing excavation such as coal mining and roadway excavation, so the performance of cutting tooth directly affect the mining capacity, the driving efficiency, and the service life of the tool. The quality of domestic mining pick is lower than that abroad, especially the tooth body wear of the whole shearer picks accounts for half of its overall failure. Thus tooth body 40Cr was treated by various heat treatment processes in this experiment, so as to improve the hardness and wear resistance of cutting tooth, analysis the surface wear scar of morphology, research the wear mechanism, that made for reducing the consumption of cutting tooth, improving work efficiency, and easing the labor intensity of workers undergound.