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Abstract Background The objective of this study is to investigate the incidence, potential risk factors, and clinical outcomes of incomplete device endothelialization (IDE) in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients undergoing Watchman left atrial appendage closure (LAAC). Methods In this study, 68 AF patients who underwent successful implantation of the Watchman device without peri-device leak (PDL) during follow-up were included. The endothelialization status was assessed using Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and LAA computed tomography angiography (CTA) at 6 weeks and 6 months post-implantation. Adverse cerebro-cardiac events were documented at one-year follow-up. Baseline characteristics, including age, device sizes, and clinical indicators, were analyzed as potential predictors for IDE. Results IDE was observed in 70.6% and 67.6% of patients at 6 weeks and 6 months after implantation, respectively. Higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [odds ratio (OR): 15.109, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.637-139.478, p = 0.017 and OR: 11.015, 95% CI: 1.365–88.896, p = 0.024] and lower aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (OR 0.924, 95% CI: 0.865–0.986, p = 0.017 and OR: 0.930, 95% CI: 0.874–0.990, p = 0.023) at baseline were found to be significantly associated with IDE at 6 weeks and 6 months, respectively, although no significant difference in adverse cerebro-cardiac events was noted between incomplete and complete DE groups during 1-year follow-up Conclusions IDE is found to be a prevalent occurrence in humans following LAAC. Elevated HDL-C and reduced AST levels are shown to be linked to an increased risk of IDE after LAAC

Abstract The YOLO (You Only Look Once) series has recently demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in the domain of object detection. However, deploying these networks for concrete bridge defect detection presents multiple challenges, such as insufficient accuracy, missed detections, and false positives. These complications arise chiefly from the complex backgrounds and the significant variability in defect characteristics observed in bridge imagery. This study presents BD-YOLOv8s, an advanced methodology utilizing YOLOv8s for bridge defect detection. This approach augments the network’s adaptability to a broad spectrum of bridge defect images through the integration of ODConv into the second convolutional layer, processing information within a four-dimensional kernel space. Furthermore, incorporating the CBAM module into the first two C2F architectures leverages spatial and channel attention mechanisms to focus on critical features, thus enhancing the accuracy of detail detection. CARAFE replaces traditional upsampling methods, improving feature map reconstruction and significantly reducing blurs and artifacts. In performance assessments, BD-YOLOv8s attained 86.2% mAP@0.5 and 56% mAP@0.5:0.95, surpassing the baseline by 5.3% and 5.7%. This signifies a considerable decrease in both false positives and missed detections, culminating in an overall improvement in accuracy.

Abstract Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is the second leading cause of cancer death, and there is still a lack of diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In this study, bioinformatics analysis of the TCGA database was used to obtain RUNX1, a gene with prognostic value in COAD. RUNX1 plays an important role in many malignancies, and its molecular regulatory mechanisms in COAD remain to be fully understood. To explore the physiological role of RUNX1, we performed functional analyses, such as CCK-8, colony formation and migration assays. In addition, we investigated the underlying mechanisms using transcriptome sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. RUNX1 is highly expressed in COAD patients and significantly correlates with survival. Silencing of RUNX1 significantly slowed down the proliferation and migratory capacity of COAD cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CDC20 and MCM2 may be target genes of RUNX1, and that RUNX1 may be physically linked to the deubiquitinating enzyme USP31, which mediates the upregulation of RUNX1 protein to promote transcriptional function. Our results may provide new insights into the mechanism of action of RUNX1 in COAD and reveal potential therapeutic targets for this disease.

Abstract Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant tumor that commonly affects children and adolescents, with a poor prognosis. The existence of tumor heterogeneity leads to different molecular subtypes and survival outcomes. Recently, lipid metabolism has been identified as a critical characteristic of cancer. Therefore, our study aims to identify osteosarcoma's lipid metabolism molecular subtype and develop a signature for survival outcome prediction. Four multicenter cohorts—TARGET-OS, GSE21257, GSE39058, and GSE16091—were amalgamated into a unified Meta-Cohort. Through consensus clustering, novel molecular subtypes within Meta-Cohort patients were delineated. Subsequent feature selection processes, encompassing analyses of differentially expressed genes between subtypes, univariate Cox analysis, and StepAIC, were employed to pinpoint biomarkers related to lipid metabolism in TARGET-OS. We selected the most effective algorithm for constructing a Lipid Metabolism-Related Signature (LMRS) by utilizing four machine-learning algorithms reconfigured into ten unique combinations. This selection was based on achieving the highest concordance index (C-index) in the test cohort of GSE21257, GSE39058, and GSE16091. We identified two distinct lipid metabolism molecular subtypes in osteosarcoma patients, C1 and C2, with significantly different survival rates. C1 is characterized by increased cholesterol, fatty acid synthesis, and ketone metabolism. In contrast, C2 focuses on steroid hormone biosynthesis, arachidonic acid, and glycerolipid and linoleic acid metabolism. Feature selection in the TARGET-OS identified 12 lipid metabolism genes, leading to a model predicting osteosarcoma patient survival. The LMRS, based on the 12 identified genes, consistently accurately predicted prognosis across TARGET-OS, testing cohorts, and Meta-Cohort. Incorporating 12 published signatures, LMRS showed robust and significantly superior predictive capability. Our results offer a promising tool to enhance the clinical management of osteosarcoma, potentially leading to improved clinical outcomes.

Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) regulates vertebrate cell growth, proliferation and differentiation, and energy metabolism. In this study, we cloned rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fgf1 and fgf1a, prepared their recombinant proteins (rFGF1 and rFGF1a), and described the molecular mechanisms by which they improve glycolipid metabolism in carnivorous fish. A 31-d feeding trial was conducted to investigate whether they could enhance glycolipid metabolism in rainbow trout on high-carbohydrate diets (HCD). A total of 720 rainbow trout (8.9 ± 0.5 g) were equally divided into 4 groups: the chow diet (CD) group injected with PBS, the HCD group injected with PBS, the HCD group injected with rFGF1 (400 ng/g body weight), and the HCD group injected with rFGF1a (400 ng/g body weight). The results showed that short-term HCD had a significant positive effect on the specific growth rate (SGR) of rainbow trout (P

The presented work concerns with some novel solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Boussinesq equation (BE), which acts as an important model for shallow water wave. Some resonant soliton solutions such as the X-shape soliton (XSS) and Y-shape soliton (YSS) solutions are developed via imposing the resonant conditions on the N-soliton solutions (N-SSs) that developed by the Hirota bilinear approach(HBA). Based on the XSS and YSS solutions, the novel hybrid interactions including the interaction between the 1-soliton and the YSS, the interaction between two YSS solutions are extracted. In addition, the complex N-SSs are also explored and discussed. Finally, the travelling wave solutions including the bright solitary and kinky solitary wave solutions are studied by employing the Bernoulli sub-equation function method (BSEFM). The graphs of the attained solutions are drawn to show the physical properties. The findings of this study are expected to help us apprehend the dynamics of the (2+1)-dimensional BE better.

The study presents an investigation into the preparation and characterization of modified hemp fiber reinforced recycled construction waste bricks for ground and road applications. By incorporating 1 % hemp fiber and a 70/30 ratio of recycled concrete aggregate to recycled brick aggregate, the optimal combination was identified, resulting in a maximum compressive strength of 36.2 MPa, a 38.7 % improvement over the control bricks. The addition of 2 % hemp fiber increased the flexural strength by 85.7 %, while the thermal conductivity decreased by 41.5 % with the inclusion of 2 % hemp fiber and 100 % recycled brick aggregate. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the compatibility of hemp fibers with the cement matrix and their role in enhancing the microstructure of the bricks and hydration process. These findings highlight the potential of hemp fiber-reinforced recycled waste bricks as environmentally friendly high-performance materials for sustainable ground and road construction.

Nowadays, high-strength press-hardened steels (PHS) have gained wide applications in automotive body-in-white owing to excellent mechanical properties. Nevertheless, the fatigue properties of high-strength PHS and associated failure mechanisms have not been clearly revealed, which restricts their potential applications in other parts of automobiles involving fluctuating and repetitive stresses, such as wheels or beams. In this work, the fatigue behavior of 1900 and 2000 MPa grade PHS is systematically studied, with the main focus on the associated deformation and fatigue cracking mechanisms. The fatigue behavior of these two steels is similar, and the ratio of fatigue strength to tensile strength is around 0.5. The fatigue damage mechanism of high-strength PHS is dominated by surface cracking, as the fine martensite structures reduce the stress concentration and cracking at small-sized inclusions. This work can provide guidance for the application of high-strength PHS in alternating loads scenarios.

The increase in extreme precipitation (EP) may pose a serious threat to the health and safety of population in arid and semi-arid regions. The current research on the impact of EP on population in Central Asia (CA) is insufficient and there is an urgent need for a comprehensive assessment. Hence, we opted for precipitation and temperature data under two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP2–4.5 and SSP5–8.5) from ten Global Climate Models (GCMs), which were obtained from the NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections (NEX-GDDP-CMIP6). By integrating population data in 2020 and 2050 (SSP2 and SSP5), we investigated the future changes in EP and population exposure in CA under 1.5 °C and 2 °C global warming scenarios (GWSs). Our analysis indicates that EP in CA is projected to increase with global warming. Under the SSP5–8.5, the maximum daily precipitation (Rx1day) exhibits an average response rate to global warming of 3.58 %/K (1.99–4.06 %/K). With rising temperatures, an increasing number of areas and populations in CA will be impacted by EP, especially in the Fergana valley. Approximately 25% of the population (land area) in CA is exposed to Rx1day with increases of more than 8.31% (9.32%) under 1.5 °C GWS and 14.18% (13.25%) under 2 °C GWS. Controlling temperature rise can be effective in reducing population exposures to EP. For instance, limiting the temperature increase to 1.5 °C instead of 2 °C results in a 2.79% (1.75%–4.59%) reduction in population exposure to Rx1day. Finally, we found that climate change serves as the predominant factor influencing the population exposure to EP, while the role of population redistribution, although relatively minor, should not be disregarded. Particularly for prolonged drought, the role of population redistribution manifests negatively.

Abstract Axion insulators possess a quantized axion field θ = π protected by combined lattice and time-reversal symmetry, holding great potential for device applications in layertronics and quantum computing. Here, we propose a high-spin axion insulator (HSAI) defined in large spin-s representation, which maintains the same inherent symmetry but possesses a notable axion field θ = (s + 1/2)2 π. Such distinct axion field is confirmed independently by the direct calculation of the axion term using hybrid Wannier functions, layer-resolved Chern numbers, as well as the topological magneto-electric effect. We show that the guaranteed gapless quasi-particle excitation is absent at the boundary of the HSAI despite its integer surface Chern number, hinting an unusual quantum anomaly violating the conventional bulk-boundary correspondence. Furthermore, we ascertain that the axion field θ can be precisely tuned through an external magnetic field, enabling the manipulation of bonded transport properties. The HSAI proposed here can be experimentally verified in ultra-cold atoms by the quantized non-reciprocal conductance or topological magnetoelectric response. Our work enriches the understanding of axion insulators in condensed matter physics, paving the way for future device applications.

Abstract I/II/III mixed mode fractures of intersecting joint fissures often occur in natural rock masses, and jointed rock masses are prone to rockbursts in deep underground engineering when subjected to long-term crustal stresses. However, most studies of the mechanical mechanisms of these intersected joints have been conducted by simplifying two-dimensional joint model tests. Furthermore, the fracture mechanisms of two-dimensional intersected joints under tension and compression are completely different from those of three-dimensional joints. This paper presents a novel prefabricated specimen with combinations of intersecting joints capable of detecting the failure behaviours of rock I/II/III mixed mode fractures under creep loading. Uniaxial compression and multistage creep tests are performed on prefabricated sandstone specimens with intersecting joints of 0°/0°, 0°/30°, 0°/60°, and 0°/90°. The experimental results show that with the increase in the number of prefabricated intersecting joints, the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus values of the sandstone specimens gradually decrease. In addition, the sandstone specimens experience relatively few AE events and minor axial strain variations in the first creep stage and the second creep stage of the multistage creep test. The axial strain increases sharply due to the sharp increase in the number of AE events in the third creep stage. The 0°/60° sandstone specimen undergoes accelerated creep failure, resulting in mixed X-shaped tensile‒shear rupture. The RA value is high based on the quantification of the creeping cracks using the acoustic emission parameters of the rise angle (RA) and average frequency (AF). The AF values of the 0°/0°, 0°/30°, and 0°/90° sandstone specimens are high. The experimental results show that a larger joint intersection angle leads to greater mutual restraints and greater effects of prefabricated crack propagation in the rock specimens, thus increasing the final failure strength. Finally, based on the acoustic emission count, a characteristic variable D suitable for characterizing the creep damage evolution of a joint rock mass is established. The findings of this paper can facilitate an effective understanding of the creep effect of I/II/III mixed mode fracture and its micromechanism. The research results will have a certain reference value for the detection and risk mitigation of instantaneous and time-delayed rockbursts.

Objective Sarcopenia, as an emerging public health concern, has been associated with postoperative adverse outcomes in various surgical procedures. However, the evidence regarding the impacts of sarcopenia on total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remained limited. This study aimed to assess the impacts of sarcopenia on primary TKA based on the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol. Methods This retrospective study included 291 patients who received unilateral TKA from October 2017 to May 2018 in our institution. Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on the algorithm of Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019. The handgrip strength was measured using a handheld dynamometer and the muscle mass was estimated by a previously validated anthropometric equation. Patients were classified into sarcopenia group and non‐sarcopenia group. The outcomes included complications, postoperative length of stay (LOS), total hospitalization cost, operative time, total estimated blood loss, blood transfusion rate, and the 12‐item forgotten joint score (FJS‐12) at the follow‐up. The propensity score matching (PSM) was used to adjust confounding factors. We compared continuous variables using Student's t‐test and the Wilcoxon Mann–Whitney U test for normal and non‐normal distributions, respectively, and categorical variables with chi‐square tests. Results Of the 291 patients, 58 (19.9%) patients were identified as having sarcopenia. After PSM, each group matched 42 patients. All matched patients were followed‐up at least 5 years. Patients with sarcopenia had higher rates of surgical complications compared to the non‐sarcopenia group (p = 0.019), and no significant difference was observed in 30‐day readmission, and periprosthetic joint infection. The sarcopenia group had significantly longer LOS (p = 0.038), higher total hospitalization (p = 0.015) than the non‐sarcopenia group. For the FJS‐12 scores at follow‐up, patients with sarcopenia had significantly higher scores than the non‐sarcopenia group (p = 0.024). Conclusion Our findings indicated sarcopenia may be a risk factor for postoperative complications, prolonged LOS, increased hospitalization cost and reduced patient satisfaction.

Abstract Arginine, which is metabolized into ornithine, proline, and nitric oxide, plays an important role in embryonic development. The present study was conducted to investigate the molecular mechanism of arginine in proliferation, differentiation, and physiological function of porcine trophoblast cells (pTr2) through metabolic pathways. The results showed that arginine significantly increased cell viability (P

Abstract Background The prevalence of depression among people with chronic pain remains unclear due to the heterogeneity of study samples and definitions of depression. We aimed to identify sources of variation in the prevalence of depression among people with chronic pain and generate clinical prediction models to estimate the probability of depression among individuals with chronic pain. Methods Participants were from the UK Biobank. The primary outcome was a “lifetime” history of depression. The model’s performance was evaluated using discrimination (optimism-corrected C statistic) and calibration (calibration plot). Results Analyses included 24,405 patients with chronic pain (mean age 64.1 years). Among participants with chronic widespread pain, the prevalence of having a “lifetime” history of depression was 45.7% and varied (25.0–66.7%) depending on patient characteristics. The final clinical prediction model (optimism-corrected C statistic: 0.66; good calibration on the calibration plot) included age, BMI, smoking status, physical activity, socioeconomic status, gender, history of asthma, history of heart failure, and history of peripheral artery disease. Among participants with chronic regional pain, the prevalence of having a “lifetime” history of depression was 30.2% and varied (21.4–70.6%) depending on patient characteristics. The final clinical prediction model (optimism-corrected C statistic: 0.65; good calibration on the calibration plot) included age, gender, nature of pain, smoking status, regular opioid use, history of asthma, pain location that bothers you most, and BMI. Conclusions There was substantial variability in the prevalence of depression among patients with chronic pain. Clinically relevant factors were selected to develop prediction models. Clinicians can use these models to assess patients’ treatment needs. These predictors are convenient to collect during daily practice, making it easy for busy clinicians to use them.

Abstract More researchers are proposing artificial intelligence algorithms for Internet of Things (IoT) devices and applying them to themes such as smart cities and smart transportation. In recent years, relevant research has mainly focused on data processing and algorithm modeling, and most have shown good prediction results. However, many algorithmic models often adjust parameters for the corresponding datasets, so the robustness of the models is weak. When different types of data face other model parameters, the prediction performance often varies a lot. Thus, this work starts from the perspective of data processing and algorithm models. Taking traffic data as an example, we first propose a new data processing method that processes traffic data with different attributes and characteristics into a dataset that is more common for most models. Then we will compare different types of datasets from the perspective of multiple model parameters, and further analyze the precautions and changing trends of different traffic data in machine learning. Finally, different types of data and ranges of model parameters are explored, together with possible reasons for fluctuations in forecast results when data parameters change.

Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a multifactorial sleep disorder with a high prevalence in the general population. OSA is associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly hypertension, and is linked to worse outcomes. Although the correlation between OSA and CVDs is firmly established, the mechanisms are poorly understood. Continuous positive airway pressure is primary treatment for OSA reducing cardiovascular risk effectively, while is limited by inadequate compliance. Moreover, alternative treatments for cardiovascular complications in OSA are currently not available. Recently, there has been considerable attention on the significant correlation between gut microbiome and pathophysiological changes in OSA. Furthermore, gut microbiome has a significant impact on the cardiovascular complications that arise from OSA. Nevertheless, a detailed understanding of this association is lacking. This review examines recent advancements to clarify the link between the gut microbiome, OSA, and OSA‐related CVDs, with a specific focus on hypertension, and also explores potential health advantages of adjuvant therapy that targets the gut microbiome in OSA.

Abstract Non-photochemical laser-induced nucleation (NPLIN) in supersaturated potassium bromide (KBr) solutions with the addition of acidic polymers is reported here for the first time. Upon absorbing the incident laser, crystallites are immediately induced along the laser pathway in the solution, eventually growing into needle-shaped crystals of varying sizes. When comparing induction time, nucleation probability, and crystal habits with spontaneous nucleation, the results suggest that NPLIN creates a distinct morphological pathway, transforming cubic crystals into needle-like structures. Additionally, it improves crystallization probability and growth rate. This paper aims to realize control from crystal nucleation to crystal growth by adding acidic polymers to the process of laser-induced nucleation, potentially influencing crystal morphology modification in NPLIN. With 19 wt% acidic polymers added to the solution as additives, control over both crystal growth and morphological modifications was observed: cubic KBr crystals with square patterns were produced through laser irradiation, and there was a varying reduction in both the number and growth rate of the crystals. The influence of acidic polymers on the solution environment was analyzed to determine the reasons for the variations in crystal quantity and growth speed. The underlying mechanisms responsible for the changes in crystal shape were also discussed.

Abstract Low-dimensional/three-dimensional perovskite heterojunctions have shown great potential for improving the performance of perovskite photovoltaics, but large organic cations in low-dimensional perovskites hinder charge transport and cause carrier mobility anisotropy at the heterojunction interface. Here, we report a low-dimensional/three-dimensional perovskite heterojunction that introduces strong aromatic conjugated low-dimensional perovskites in p-i-n devices to reduce the electron transport resistance crossing the perovskite/electron extraction interface. The strong aromatic conjugated π-conjugated network results in continuous energy orbits among [Pb2I6]2− frameworks, thereby effectively suppressing interfacial non-radiative recombination and boosting carrier extraction. Consequently, the devices achieved an improved efficiency to 25.66% (certified 25.20%), and maintained over 95% of the initial efficiency after 1200 hours and 1000 hours under ISOS-L-1I and ISOS-D-1 protocols, respectively. The chemical design of strong aromatic conjugated molecules in perovskite heterojunctions provides a promising avenue for developing efficient and stable perovskite photovoltaics.

Abstract The objective is to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of the S8 navigation system and the Tinavi orthopaedic surgery robot in the treatment of upper cervical instability. The research methods adopted are as follows. The clinical data of patients with upper cervical instability who underwent surgery from May 2021 to December 2021 were analysed retrospectively. Patients were divided into a navigation group (assisted by the S8 navigation system) and a tinavi group (assisted by the Tinavi robot) according to the auxiliary system used. Computed tomography and digital radiography were performed after the operation. The accuracy of pedicle screw placement was evaluated using the criteria put forward by Rampersaud. Degree of facet joint violation, visual analogue scale score, neck disability index and Japanese orthopaedic association score were recorded and assessed during follow-up examinations in both groups. Record two groups of surgery-related indicators. Record the complications of the two groups. A total of 50 patients were included. 21 patients in the navigation group and 29 in the tinavi group. The results of the study are as follows. The average follow-up time was 12.1 months. There was no significant difference in nail placement accuracy between the navigation and tinavi groups (P > 0.05); however, the navigation group had a significantly higher rate of facet joint violation than that of tinavi group (P 0.05). We come to the following conclusion. The Stealth Station S8 navigation system (Medtronic, USA), which also uses an optical tracking system, and the Tinavi Orthopedic robot have shown the same high accuracy and satisfactory clinical results in the treatment of upper cervical instability. Although the S8 navigation system still has many limitations, it still has good application prospects and is a new tool for spine surgery.

Abstract Background Proper flowering time is important for the growth and development of plants, and both too early and too late flowering impose strong negative influences on plant adaptation and seed yield. Thus, it is vitally important to study the mechanism underlying flowering time control in plants. In a previous study by the authors, genome-wide association analysis was used to screen the candidate gene SISTER OF FCA (SSF) that regulates FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), a central gene encoding a flowering suppressor in Arabidopsis thaliana. Results SSF physically interacts with Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5, SKB1). Subcellular co—localization analysis showed that SSF and SKB1 interact in the nucleus. Genetically, SSF and SKB1 exist in the same regulatory pathway that controls FLC expression. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing analysis showed that both SSF and SKB1 regulate certain common pathways. Conclusions This study shows that PRMT5 interacts with SSF, thus controlling FLC expression and facilitating flowering time control.

Abstract In this paper, we study fractional p 1 ( x , ⋅ ) & p 2 ( x , ⋅ ) $p_{1}(x,\cdot )\& p_{2}(x,\cdot )$ -Laplacian Schrödinger-type equations for Robin boundary conditions. Under some suitable assumptions, we show that two solutions exist using the mountain pass lemma and Ekeland’s variational principle. Then, the existence of infinitely many solutions is derived by applying the fountain theorem and the Krasnoselskii genus theory, respectively. Different from previous results, the topic of this paper is the Robin boundary conditions in R N ∖ Ω ‾ $\mathbb{R}^{N}\setminus \overline{\Omega}$ for fractional order p 1 ( x , ⋅ ) & p 2 ( x , ⋅ ) $p_{1}(x,\cdot )\& p_{2}(x,\cdot )$ -Laplacian Schrödinger-type equations, including concave-convex nonlinearities, which has not been studied before. In addition, two examples are given to illustrate our results.

Abstract Aeromonas dhakensis (A. dhakensis) is becoming an emerging pathogen worldwide, with an increasingly significant role in animals and human health. It is a ubiquitous bacteria found in terrestrial and aquatic milieus. However, there have been few reports of reptile infections. In this study, a bacterial strain isolated from a dead Aldabra giant tortoise was identified as A. dhakensis HN-1 through clinical observation, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS), and gene sequencing analysis. Subsequently, to evaluate its pathogenicity, the detection of virulence genes and mice infection experiments were performed. A. dhakensis HN-1 was found to contain seven virulence genes, including alt, ela, lip, act, aerA, fla, and hlyA. Mice infected with A. dhakensis HN-1 exhibited hemorrhage of varying degrees in multiple organs. The half-maximal lethal dose (LD50) value of A. dhakensis HN-1 for mice was estimated to be 2.05 × 107 colony forming units (CFU)/mL. The antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed that A. dhakensis HN-1 was resistant to amoxicillin, penicillin, ampicillin and erythromycin. This is the first report of A. dhakensis in Aldabra giant tortoises, expanding the currently known host spectrum. Our findings emphasize the need for One Health surveillance and extensive research to reduce the spread of A. dhakensis across the environment, humans, and animals.

Abstract The prevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 (PRRSV1) isolates has continued to increase in Chinese swine herds in recent years. However, no effective control strategy is available for PRRSV1 infection in China. In this study, we generated the first infectious cDNA clone (rHLJB1) of a Chinese PRRSV1 isolate and subsequently used it as a backbone to construct an ORF2-6 chimeric virus (ORF2-6-CON). This virus contained a synthesized consensus sequence of the PRRSV1 ORF2-6 gene encoding all the envelope proteins. The ORF2-6 consensus sequence shared > 90% nucleotide similarity with four representative strains (Amervac, BJEU06-1, HKEU16 and NMEU09-1) of PRRSV1 in China. ORF2-6-CON had replication efficacy similar to that of the backbone rHLJB1 virus in primary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and exhibited cell tropism in Marc-145 cells. Piglet inoculation and challenge studies indicated that ORF2-6-CON is not pathogenic to piglets and can induce enhanced cross-protection against a heterologous SD1291 isolate. Notably, ORF2-6-CON inoculation induced higher levels of heterologous neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against SD1291 than rHLJB1 inoculation, which was concurrent with a higher percentage of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in tracheobronchial lymph nodes (TBLNs), providing the first clue that porcine Tfh cells are correlated with heterologous PRRSV nAb responses. The number of SD1291-strain-specific IFNγ-secreting cells was similar in ORF2-6-CON-inoculated and rHLJB1-inoculated pigs. Overall, our findings support that the Marc-145-adapted ORF2-6-CON can trigger Tfh cell and heterologous nAb responses to confer improved cross-protection and may serve as a candidate strain for the development of a cross-protective PRRSV1 vaccine.

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable and bio-based aliphatic polyester. It has received extensive attention due to its great environmental and economic value. As a biodegradable material, Polylactic acid (PLA) has poor impact toughness, resulting in a limitation of application. Blending PLA with polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) can significantly enhance its toughness. PLA/PBAT composite films, as a biodegradable material, is widely used due to its advantages of abundant raw materials, low cost, and environmental friendliness. This article outlines the different preparation methods and current research status of PLA/PBAT composite membranes. The modification technologies of composite membranes, including inorganic fillers, chain expansion and compatibilization, crosslinking agent modification, starch modification, and synergistic modification are summarized. Finally, the application and development prospect of PLA/PBAT composite films in food packaging is introduced, which provide theoretical references and new ideas for future research on PLA/PBAT films in food packaging.

Background: This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram model for predicting 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 331 patients with sepsis admitted to the ICU as a training set and collected a validation set of 120 patients. Both groups were followed for 28 days. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the potential prognostic factors for sepsis-related 28-day mortality. A nomogram model was generated to predict 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis in the ICU. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the model's prediction performance and clinical application. In addition, we used ROC curve analysis and DCA to compare this model with the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) scores and further assessed the clinical value of our model. Results: Logistic multivariate regression analysis revealed that mechanical ventilation, oxygenation index, and lactate and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were independent predictors of 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis in the ICU. We developed a nomogram model based on these results to further predict 28-day mortality. The model demonstrated satisfactory calibration curves for both training and validation sets. Additionally, in the training set, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for this model was 0.80. In the validation set, the AUC was 0.82. DCA showed that the high-risk thresholds ranged between 0 and 0.86 in the training set and between 0 and 0.75 in the validation set. We compared the ROC curve and DCA of this model with those of SOFA and APACHE II scores in both the training and validation sets. In the training set, the AUC of this model was significantly higher than those of the SOFA (P = 0.032) and APACHE II (P = 0.004) scores. Although the validation set showed a similar trend, the differences were not statistically significant for the SOFA (P = 0.273) and APACHE II (P = 0.320) scores. Additionally, the DCA showed comparable clinical utility in all three assessments. Conclusion: The present study used four common clinical variables, including mechanical ventilation, oxygenation index and lactate and BUN levels, to develop a nomogram model to predict 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis in the ICU. Our model demonstrated robust prediction performance and clinical application after validation and comparison.

To achieve regional ecological management and sustainable socio-economic development, it is essential to comprehend the intricate and interdependent relationships among various ecosystem services. The Agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China is a typical ecologically vulnerable area. There is limited research on managing multiple ecosystem services to maximize supply based on understanding the complex relationships among ecosystem services. This study used the InVEST model to quantify habitat quality (HQ), soil conservation (SC), carbon sequestration (CS), and water yield (WY) in the Agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China in 2000, 2010, and 2020 at the 5 km grid and county scales. Their trade-off and synergistic effects were explored using Spearman correlation analysis and the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model. In addition, self-organizing mapping was employed to identify ecosystem service bundles at two scales, whereas the geodetector was employed to determine the primary social-ecological drivers of ES. Finally, management strategies are proposed based on the research results to promote regional ecological sustainability. The results indicate that: (1) The four ESs exhibited an increasing trend during the study period. Except for WY, the other three ES demonstrated a similar spatial distribution while remaining relatively stable over time; (2) there is a synergistic effect between CS, HQ, and SC, whereas WY-related ES show trade-off effects; (3) six ES bundles were identified at the 5 km grid scale, and four ES bundles were identified at the county scale; (4) precipitation is a major driving factor for WY and an important driving factor for CS, HQ, and SC. In summary, natural factors have a greater impact on ES than socio-economic factors. Based on the differences in ecosystem service bundles and drivers at different scales, and in conjunction with China’s existing environmental policies, corresponding ecological management strategies were proposed, potentially providing a reference for sustainable development of the Agro-pastoral ecotone in northern China.

Severe vibration of the core of ultra-high voltage (UHV) shunt reactors under operating conditions often leads to the occurrence of suspension electrode, and such a suspended discharge defect will destroy the oil-paper insulation. It is necessary to investigate the influence of vibration on suspended discharge when determining the best operating condition of UHV shunt reactors. The vibration frequency of the suspension electrode and the phase difference between the applied voltage and the vibration are studied by simulation and experiment. The simulation results show that the phase difference between the voltage and the vibration parameters will lead to an increase in the surface maximum field strength. The distortion of the field intensity caused by several typical vibration frequencies of reactor vibration is ranked (in ascending order) thus: 100, 300, 50, and 200 Hz. There is a coupling relationship between the phase difference and the vibration frequency on the suspended discharge, which will lead to an inconsistency between the field intensity and each single factor. The partial discharge test results of the collision between the suspension electrode and the high-voltage electrode show that the discharge generated by vibration at 100 Hz is much higher than that at other frequencies, followed by those at 300 and 50 Hz, and the discharge generated by vibration at 200 Hz is very small. When the phase difference of voltage advance vibration is between 0° and 90°, the quantity of local discharge is large. When the phase difference is between 90° and 180°, the local discharge is small.

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is utilized in the textile and apparel industry due to its adaptability, low cost, and high productivity. Promoting the efficient, diversified, and sustainable development of the textile and apparel industry, and to broaden the scope of application for FDM technology. This paper discusses the fundamental principles, design, and manufacturing processes of FDM printing of textiles and garments, as well as a summary of the commonly used materials for FDM printing of textiles and garments and their associated performance parameters. By examining the forming quality of textiles and garments, we analyze the influencing factors in the four phases of computer aided design (CAD) modeling, model slicing, forming processing, and post-finishing, and propose solutions to potential issues. Finally, case studies are used to summarise the primary applications of FDM in textile and apparel manufacturing, and the challenges and prospects of FDM in textiles and apparel are discussed. The application of FDM in the textiles and apparel industry not only promotes the advancement of manufacturing technology innovation, but also demonstrates a broader range of application value in terms of design development, functional properties, material combinations, and other factors.

Object: This study aimed to examine the feasibility of the dovetailing skin incision design of radial forearm free flap (RFFF) for closing forearm wounds and performing maxillofacial reconstruction. Method: A total of 27 patients were divided into two groups. In the dovetail group (n = 16), forearm wounds were closed primarily and maxillofacial defects were reconstructed by dovetail RFFF. In the conventional group (n = 11), forearm wounds were closed by skin grafts from the abdomen or mattress suturing, and maxillofacial defects were reconstructed by conventional RFFF. Information on the healing time of the forearm wound, length of postsurgical hospitalization, esthetic assessments, and complications associated with the forearm wound and the maxillofacial region was collected at least 6 months postoperatively. Result: The average size of the flap in the dovetail group was smaller than that in the conventional group (p = 0.134), and average healing time of the forearm wound in dovetail group was significantly shorter than that in conventional group (p = 0.000). Comparing with the conventional group, there were more cases in the dovetail group demonstrating decreased sensitivity (p = 1.000). Esthetic assessments of forearm wound and maxillofacial reconstructions in the dovetail group were significantly higher than that in the conventional group (p = 0.000). Conclusion: Closure of forearm wounds and maxillofacial defects using dovetail design was found to be a feasible alternative to the conventional design.

Purpose: Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) of the breast has a high propensity for lymphovascular invasion and axillary lymph node metastasis and displays an ‘inside-out’ growth pattern, but the molecular mechanism of invasion, metastasis and cell polarity reversal in IMPC is unclear. Methods: and Patients: Cell growth curves, tumor sphere formation assays, transwell assays, mouse xenograft model and immunofluorescence were evaluated to investigate the effects of miR-30c and MTDH. Dual luciferase reporter assays was performed to confirm that the MTDH (metadherin) 3′UTR bound to miR-30c. MiRNA in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were carried out on IMPC patient tissues for miR-30c and MTDH expression, respectively. Results: We found miR-30c as a tumor suppressor gene in cell proliferation, metastasis and polarity reversal of IMPC. Overexpression of miR-30c inhibited cell growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. MiR-30c could directly target the MTDH 3′UTR. MiR-30c overexpression inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis by targeting MTDH. Moreover, miR-30c/MTDH axis could also regulate cell polarity reversal of IMPC. By ISH and IHC analyses, miR-30c and MTDH were significantly correlated with tumor size, lymph nodule status and tumor grade, the ‘inside-out’ growth pattern, overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in IMPC patients. Conclusions: Overall, miR-30c/MTDH axis was responsible for tumor proliferation, metastasis and polarity reversal. It may provide promising therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for patients with IMPC.

Abstract For temperate desert ecosystems, understanding the maintenance mechanisms of biodiversity has become a central concern of policymakers, practitioners, and academicians, especially in the context of human disturbances. However, most of the past desert research is based on a single survey and single functional traits or phylogeny, and may lead to incomplete estimates of community assembly. To assess climate factors, soil factors, and human interference in the processes of dispersal assembly, filtering, and limiting similarity in community assembly, we selected 50 sites along the Beijing‐Xinjiang Expressway and conducted plant surveys at sites 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 km away from the expressway twice, one in spring and one in autumn, and collected 31 functional traits and phylogenetic information of 74 species. We found that incomplete detection can lead to bias in biodiversity estimation due to seasonal surveys. Road disturbance at different distances had no significant effect on species composition and community assembly processes. The trade‐off between dispersal limitation and environmental filtering is the process of maintaining desert plant diversity. Precipitation directly determined the dispersal limitation and environmental filtering. Soil pH mediated the effect of temperature on biotic interaction in the dimension of phylogeny, while soil pH and organic carbon acted as intermediate factors affecting biotic interaction in functional traits. Our findings suggest that climate change, notably precipitation, has a more pronounced impact on desert plant communities than human disturbances. A multifaceted approach considering functional traits and phylogeny across seasons is essential for understanding species coexistence in desert ecosystems.

Ion channels are widely present in cell membranes, serving as crucial pathways for the movement of ions enter and exit cells. Variations in the expression of ion channels are crucial for regulating cellular functions. Among the genes associated with leukemia, certain genes encode ion channels. When these ion channels experience dysfunction or changes in expression, they can impact the physiological functions and signal transduction of hematopoietic cells, thereby regulating leukemia cell proliferation, differentiation, invasion/migration, and apoptosis. This article will provide a comprehensive review of the research progress on the expression and function of various ion channels in leukemia, thoroughly exploring their roles and mechanisms in the onset and progression of the disease, providing new insights and ideas for identifying potential biomarkers and developing new treatment methods for leukemia, thereby promoting innovations in future leukemia diagnosis and therapy.

Cell based factories can be engineered to produce a wide variety of products. Advances in DNA synthesis and genome editing have greatly simplified the design and construction of these factories. It has never been easier to generate hundreds or even thousands of cell factory strain variants for evaluation. These advances have amplified the need for standardized, higher throughput means of evaluating these designs. Toward this goal, we have previously reported the development of engineered E. coli strains and associated 2-stage production processes to simplify and standardize strain engineering, evaluation and scale up. This approach relies on decoupling growth (stage 1), from production, which occurs in stationary phase (stage 2). Phosphate depletion is used as the trigger to stop growth as well as induce heterologous expression. Here, we describe in detail the development of protocols for the evaluation of engineered E. coli strains in 2-stage microfermentations. These protocols are readily adaptable to the evaluation of strains producing a wide variety of protein as well as small molecule products. Additionally, by detailing the approach to protocol development, these methods are also adaptable to additional cellular hosts, as well as other 2-stage processes with various additional triggers.

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of leg wound closure and reconstruction of maxillofacial soft defect by a fusiform-designed skin paddle in fibula free flap (FFF).MethodsFifty patients who underwent FFF for reconstruction of maxillofacial soft defect were divided into two groups. The fusiform group (20 patients) was treated using a fusiform-designed skin paddle in FFF (skin paddle width less than 2 cm), and leg wound was closed using primary suturing. Reconstruction of the maxillofacial soft defect or filling of dead space was achieved by folding the fusiform skin paddle. The conventional group (30 patients) was treated using the conventional-designed skin paddle (skin paddle width no less than 2.5 cm). The leg wound was closed using mattress suturing or skin graft, while reconstruction of the maxillofacial soft defect or filling of dead space by conventional way. The average postoperative length of hospital stay, healing time of leg wound, and post-surgical complications were recorded at least 6 months after the surgery.ResultsCompared with traditional method, the fusiform-designed skin paddle reduced the average healing time of the leg wound (fusiform group: 11.05 days, conventional group: 14.77 days, P < 0.05). The average length-to-width ratio in fusiform group was significantly greater than that of in conventional group (fusiform group: 5.85, conventional group: 2.93, P < 0.05), and no difference was observed on the graft size of skin paddle between two groups (fusiform group: 23.13, conventional group: 27.13, P > 0.05). The post-surgical early complications of the leg wound in the conventional group were higher than that of in the fusiform group (fusiform group: 0%, conventional group: 6.67%), while the post-surgical late complication of the donor site between the two groups showed no case. Healing disorders of maxillofacial soft reconstruction in the conventional group were higher than that of in the fusiform group (fusiform group: 5.26%, conventional group: 20.69%).ConclusionsFusiform-designed skin paddle for closure of the leg wound and maxillofacial soft defect is a feasible alternative to the conventional- designed skin paddle. The fusiform- designed skin paddle resulted in the less postoperative length of hospital stay, shorter healing time of leg wound and less complication.

Nature reserves are crucial for protecting biological habitats and maintaining biodiversity. Soil bacterial community plays an irreplaceable role in the structure and function of ecosystem. However, the impact of nature reserves on soil bacterial communities is still unclear. To explore the effects of desert grassland nature reserve management on soil microbial communities, we compared the differences in soil bacterial community composition, α-diversity and community structure inside and outside a desert grassland nature reserve, and explored the correlation between soil bacterial communities and plant biomass and soil chemical index. We found that (1) the relative abundance of Acidobacteriota is highest in the soil both inside and outside the nature reserve in shrub grassland; (2) the Chao1 index of soil bacterial communities in the core protected zone and general control zone of the reserve was significantly higher than that outside the reserve (p

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant, invasive, and poorly prognosed brain tumor. Unfortunately, active comprehensive treatment does not significantly prolong patient survival. With the deepening of research, it has been found that gut microbiota plays a certain role in GBM, and can directly or indirectly affect the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in various ways. (1) The metabolites produced by gut microbiota directly affect the host’s immune homeostasis, and these metabolites can affect the function and distribution of immune cells, promote or inhibit inflammatory responses, affect the phenotype, angiogenesis, inflammatory response, and immune cell infiltration of GBM cells, thereby affecting the effectiveness of ICIs. (2) Some members of the gut microbiota may reverse T cell function inhibition, increase T cell anti-tumor activity, and ultimately improve the efficacy of ICIs by targeting specific immunosuppressive metabolites and cytokines. (3) Some members of the gut microbiota directly participate in the metabolic process of drugs, which can degrade, transform, or produce metabolites, affecting the effective concentration and bioavailability of drugs. Optimizing the structure of the gut microbiota may help improve the efficacy of ICIs. (4) The gut microbiota can also regulate immune cell function and inflammatory status in the brain through gut brain axis communication, indirectly affecting the progression of GBM and the therapeutic response to ICIs. (5) Given the importance of gut microbiota for ICI therapy, researchers have begun exploring the use of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to transplant healthy or optimized gut microbiota to GBM patients, in order to improve their immune status and enhance their response to ICI therapy. Preliminary studies suggest that FMT may enhance the efficacy of ICI therapy in some patients. In summary, gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating ICIs in GBM, and with a deeper understanding of the relationship between gut microbiota and tumor immunity, it is expected to develop more precise and effective personalized ICI therapy strategies for GBM, in order to improve patient prognosis.

Summary: Accurate detection of pathogens, particularly distinguishing between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, could improve disease treatment. Host gene expression can capture the immune system’s response to infections caused by various pathogens. Here, we present a deep neural network model, bvnGPS2, which incorporates the attention mechanism based on a large-scale integrated host transcriptome dataset to precisely identify Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections as well as viral infections. We performed analysis of 4,949 blood samples across 40 cohorts from 10 countries using our previously designed omics data integration method, iPAGE, to select discriminant gene pairs and train the bvnGPS2. The performance of the model was evaluated on six independent cohorts comprising 374 samples. Overall, our deep neural network model shows robust capability to accurately identify specific infections, paving the way for precise medicine strategies in infection treatment and potentially also for identifying subtypes of other diseases.

Identifying workers’ construction activities or behaviors can enable managers to better monitor labor efficiency and construction progress. However, current activity analysis methods for construction workers rely solely on manual observations and recordings, which consumes considerable time and has high labor costs. Researchers have focused on monitoring on-site construction activities of workers. However, when multiple workers are working together, current research cannot accurately and automatically identify the construction activity. This research proposes a deep learning framework for the automated analysis of the construction activities of multiple workers. In this framework, multiple deep neural network models are designed and used to complete worker key point extraction, worker tracking, and worker construction activity analysis. The designed framework was tested at an actual construction site, and activity recognition for multiple workers was performed, indicating the feasibility of the framework for the automated monitoring of work efficiency.

This paper was concerned with a new class of Schrödinger equations involving double phase operators with variable exponent in $ \mathbb R^{N} $. We gave the corresponding Musielak-Orlicz Sobolev spaces and proved certain properties of the double phase operator. Moreover, our main tools were the topological degree theory and Galerkin method, since the equation contained a convection term. By using these methods, we derived the existence of weak solution for the above problems. Our result extended some recent work in the literature.

Abstract Background The effectiveness of flipped classroom (FC) on puncture skills in medical education is still uncertain. This study aimed to assess the role of the FC model in puncture skills and investigate the acceptance and approval of FC among medical students and instructors. Methods A mixed research approach of quasi-experimental research design and descriptive qualitative research was conducted in September 2022 for one month, using an FC teaching method that combined instructional videos and group learning. The study participants were 71 fifth-year medical students from two classes at a Chinese medical school and four instructors. The medical students were randomly divided into two groups: the traditional classroom (TC) group (Group A) and the FC group (Group B). For teaching, Group B used FC, and Group A used PowerPoint-based TC. The effectiveness of the two teaching models was assessed with Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE), and questionnaires were distributed to the medical students and instructors after the assessment. Two independent sample t-tests were used to analyse the differences in demographic data and the OSCE scores of the two groups of medical students. Results Group B scored higher in puncture skills than Group A, especially regarding abdominal puncture (p = 0.03), thoracentesis (p 0.409). The medical students thought that the FC improved their self-learning ability and helped them acquire knowledge. Regarding the OSCE of their skills, most medical students thought that it was more innovative and objective than traditional examinations and that it was better for assessing their overall abilities. Both the FC and OSCE were supported by the medical students. The instructors were also satisfied with the students’ performance in the FC and supported the teaching model, agreeing to continue using it. Conclusions This study shows that FC teaching that combines instructional videos and group learning is a reliable and well-received teaching method for puncture skills, which supplements and expands existing teaching methods in the medical field.

Abstract Background IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the most common primary glomerulonephritis, which is a significant cause of renal failure. At present, the classification of IgAN is often limited to pathology, and its molecular mechanism has not been established. Therefore we aim to identify subtypes of IgAN at the molecular level and explore the heterogeneity of subtypes in terms of immune cell infiltration, functional level. Methods Two microarray datasets (GSE116626 and GSE115857) were downloaded from GEO. Differential expression genes (DEGs) for IgAN were screened with limma. Three unsupervised clustering algorithms (hclust, PAM, and ConsensusClusterPlus) were combined to develop a single-sample subtype random forest classifier (SSRC). Functional subtypes of IgAN were defined based on functional analysis and current IgAN findings. Then the correlation between IgAN subtypes and clinical features such as eGFR and proteinuria was evaluated by using Pearson method. Subsequently, subtype heterogeneity was verified by subtype-specific modules identification based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA) and immune cell infiltration analysis based on CIBERSORT algorithm. Results We identified 102 DEGs as marker genes for IgAN and three functional subtypes namely: viral-hormonal, bacterial-immune and mixed type. We screened seventeen genes specific to viral hormonal type (ATF3, JUN and FOS etc.), and seven genes specific to bacterial immune type (LIF, C19orf51 and SLPI etc.). The subtype-specific genes showed significantly high correlation with proteinuria and eGFR. The WGCNA modules were in keeping with functions of the IgAN subtypes where the MEcyan module was specific to the viral-hormonal type and the MElightgreen module was specific to the bacterial-immune type. The results of immune cell infiltration revealed subtype-specific cell heterogeneity which included significant differences in T follicular helper cells, resting NK cells between viral-hormone type and control group; significant differences in eosinophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells and other cells between bacterial-immune type and control. Conclusion In this study, we identified three functional subtypes of IgAN for the first time and specific expressed genes for each subtype. Then we constructed a subtype classifier and classify IgAN patients into specific subtypes, which may be benefit for the precise treatment of IgAN patients in future.

Abstract In engineering fields, time‐varying matrix inversion (TVMI) issue is often encountered. Zeroing neural network (ZNN) has been extensively employed to resolve the TVMI problem. Nevertheless, the original ZNN (OZNN) and the integral‐enhanced ZNN (IEZNN) usually fail to deal with the TVMI problem under unbounded noises, such as linear noises. Therefore, a neural network model that can handle the TVMI under linear noise interference is urgently needed. This paper develops a double integral‐enhanced ZNN (DIEZNN) model based on a novel integral‐type design formula with inherent linear‐noise tolerance. Moreover, its convergence and robustness are verified by derivation strictly. For comparison and verification, the OZNN and the IEZNN models are adopted to resolve the TVMI under multiple identical noise environments. The experiments proved that the DIEZNN model has excellent advantages in solving TVMI problems under linear noises. In general, the DIEZNN model is an innovative work and is proposed for the first time. Satisfyingly, the errors of DIEZNN are always less than 1 × 10−3 under linear noises, whereas the error norms of OZNN and IEZNN models are not convergent to zero. In addition, these models are applied to the control of the controllable permanent magnet synchronous motor chaotic system to indicate the superiority of the DIEZNN.

Global climate change and the accelerated melting of glaciers have raised concerns about the ability to manage ice-snow environments. Historically, human ancestors have mastered the ecological wisdom of working with ice-snow environments, but the phenomenon has not yet been articulated in cultural landscape methodologies that emphasize “nature-culture relevance”. The challenging living environment often compels indigenous people to form a strong bond with their surroundings, leading to the creation of long-term ecological wisdom through synergistic relationships with the environment. This ecological environment is conceptualized as a cognitive space in the form of the landscape, with which the aboriginal community norms and individual spirits continually interact. Such interactions generate numerous non-material cultural evidences, such as culture, art, religion, and other ideological aspects of the nation. These evidences symbolize the intellectual outcome of the relationship between humans and the landscape, and they create the “spiritual relevance” through personification and contextualization. The aim of the study is to explore the traditional ecological wisdom of the Inuit people who live in the harsh Arctic, and analyze the Inuit's interaction with the landscape through the lens of “associative cultural landscape”, and decode the survival experience that the Inuit have accumulated through their long-term synergy with the Arctic environment. The findings focus on the synergy between the Inuit and the ice-snow landscape, examining the knowledge and ecological wisdom that the Inuit acquire from the ice-snow landscape. Our goal is to develop a perspective of the ecological environment from the viewpoint of aboriginal people and establish a methodology, model, and framework for “associative cultural landscape” that incorporates ethnic non-material cultural evidences. From the results, a total of nine models for interpreting traditional Inuit ecological wisdom are generated based on the “diamond model” of “associative cultural landscape”, covering the transition from the physical landscape to a spiritual one and demonstrating the associative role of the landscape in stimulating potential spiritual cognitive abilities in humans.

Objective To investigate the prognostic value of reactive oxygen species metabolic derivatives(D-ROM) in elderly patients with heart failure before and after cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Methods A prospective study was conducted on 300 elderly patients with acute heart failure admitted to Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital from July 2020 to September 2021.The patients were followed up for 1 year and divided into a poor prognosis group(45 cases) and a good prognosis group(255 cases) according to their prognosis.The clinical laboratory data of the patients were collected,and cardiopulmonary exercise tests were performed after the patients were stable to detect the serum D-ROM,superoxide dismutase(SOD),and malondialdehyde(MDA) levels before and after the test;left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD),left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVESD),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left atrial diameter(LAD),inferior vena cava diameter(IVCD),and interventricular septum thickness(IVST) were measured by echocardiography.Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors affecting the prognosis of patients,and restricte. Results The poor prognosis group was older than the good prognosis group,the proportion of atrial fibrillation was higher than the good prognosis group,LVEDD,IVCD,IVST were longer than the good prognosis group,LVEF was lower than the good prognosis group,D-ROM and D-ROM after exercise were higher than the good prognosis group,the differences were statistically significant(P0.05).Multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that LVEF,without atrial fibrillation were the independent protective factor for poor prognosis in elderly patients with heart failure(P

Caching technology is essential for enhancing content transmission rates and reducing data transmission delays in heterogeneous networks, making it a crucial component of the Internet of Things (IoT). However, during data transmission and caching model training, the security of information is destroyed by untrusted third parties. In addition, the flexibility of storage locations presents another bottleneck in heterogeneous network caching technology. Deep learning (DL) is an important method for improving caching performance due to its powerful learning capabilities. Nonetheless, the DL process is vulnerable to various attacks, including white-box and black-box attacks, disclosing private information. Therefore, this study proposes a DL-based caching framework aimed to enhance security in heterogeneous networks based on differential privacy-preserving technology. Moreover, we utilize a boosting integrated method to improve caching accuracy. Simulated experiments demonstrate that the proposed framework ensures security and accuracy in the heterogeneous network caching process, outperforming existing solutions.

Abstract Background Accurate prenatal recognition of discordant fetal growth in twins is critical for deciding suitable management strategies. We explored the predictive value of the level of maternal second-trimester placental growth factor (PLGF) as a novel indicator of discordant fetal growth. Methods A total of 860 women pregnant with twins were enrolled, including 168 women with monochorionic twins (31 cases of discordant fetal growth and 137 without) and 692 with dichorionic twins (79 cases of discordant fetal growth and 613 without). Maternal second-trimester PLGF concentrations were measured via immunofluorescence. Results Maternal second-trimester PLGF levels were significantly lower in women pregnant with twins who subsequently developed discordant fetal growth than in those who did not (monochorionic twin pregnancy: P

Time-varying problems are prevalent in engineering, presenting a significant challenge due to the fluctuations in parameters and goals at different time points. The zeroing neural network (ZNN), a specialized form of recurrent neural network (RNN) developed by Zhang et al., has gained attention for its rapid convergence speed and robustness making it a valuable tool for real-time solving of diverse time-varying problems. This review article explores the practical applications of ZNN across various domains in the past two decades, specifically focusing on robot manipulator path tracking, motion planning, and chaotic systems. The comprehensive scope of this review is essential for researchers and beginners looking to grasp the efficacy of ZNN in addressing practical challenges in diverse fields.

The quadratic programming (QP) problem constitutes a distinctive class within mathematical optimization, prevalent in scientific computations and engineering applications. In practical scenarios, noise interference has the potential to adversely impact the solution accuracy of time-varying QP (TVQP) problems, thereby compromising the performance of established neural network models, including the original zeroing neural network (OZNN). Consequently, certain variants of the Zeroing Neural Network (ZNN) model exhibit notable tolerance to constant or linear noise; however, it is imperative to acknowledge the prevalence of more intricate forms of noise, particularly nonlinear noise. To ameliorate compromised solution accuracy in the presence of nonlinear noise, this study introduces a novel Zeroing Neural Network (ZNN) model, denoted as Triple Integral Enhancement Zeroing Neural Network (TIEZNN). The model incorporates a novel error processing mechanism strategically enhanced through triple integral augmentation, designed specifically to address TVQP perturbed by nonlinear noise. Theoretical analysis rigorously establishes the convergence properties and commendable noise suppression capabilities intrinsic to the proposed TIEZNN model. Compared with the traditional gradient-based neural network and the previous ZNN model and its variants, the TIEZNN model proposed in this paper is still highly robust and accurate in the face of nonlinear noise. Simulation results unequivocally demonstrate the efficiency and superior performance of the TIEZNN model in addressing TVQP challenges, particularly in scenarios featuring equality and inequality constraints influenced by nonlinear noise.

Objective Conventional correction techniques were challenging and of high risk of neurological complications for the correction of severe and rigid kyphoscoliosis. A new technical note we developed and named as sequential correction, was used to treat severe and rigid kyphoscoliosis. The present study was to compare the clinical outcomes of sequential correction versus conventional correction for the treatment of severe and rigid kyphoscoliosis. Methods This is a respectively case–control study. Between January 2014 and December 2019, 36 adults underwent the surgical correction of severe and rigid kyphoscoliosis and were included in the present study. Among them, 20 adults underwent conventional correction, 16 adults underwent sequential correction. Major curve Cobb angle, kyphotic angle, coronal imbalance, and sagittal vertical axis were compared between two groups. The patient‐reported health‐related quality of life outcomes, including the Oswestry disability index score, and SRS‐22 questionnaire, were recorded. Independent samples t‐test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, were used to compare the differences between two groups according to the results of normal distribution test. Results In conventional correction group, the mean major curve Cobb angle was 122.50° preoperatively, 40.35° immediately after surgery, and 43.95° at final follow‐up postoperatively; the mean kyphotic angle was 97.45° preoperatively, 34.45° immediately after surgery, and 38.30° at final follow‐up postoperatively. In the sequential correction group, the mean major angle was 134.44° preoperatively, 44.56° immediately after surgery, and 46.25° at final follow‐up postoperatively; the mean kyphotic angle was 112.31° preoperatively, 39.00° immediately after surgery, and 40.38° at final follow‐up postoperatively. The mean major curve Cobb angle and kyphotic angle of both groups were improved significantly, while there were no significant differences between two groups (p > 0.001). Improved self‐reported quality of life scores were achieved postoperatively and at final follow‐up postoperatively, and there were no significant differences between the two groups. The total complication rate of the patients underwent conventional correction was 55%, and the total complication rate of the patients underwent sequential correction was 43.75%. The complication rate of the two groups showed no significant difference. Conclusions Sequential correction is an excellent and safe treatment for severe and rigid kyphoscoliosis in adults, with similar clinical outcomes with conventional correction. The total complication rate of the patients who underwent sequential correction was slightly lower than conventional correction.

This is an essay in the field of mineral processing engineering. In this essay, the particle size characteristics and mineral composition of the Kaida coal sample in Ordos City, Inner Mongolia were studied. Meanwhile, based on the results of the previous single factor test, the orthogonal test was used to investigate the impeller speed, aeration amount, the dosage of the collecting agent and foaming agent on the flotation perfection index and the recovery rate of combustible material. Finally, the "one roughing and one cleaning" flotation process was used to further study the optimal scheme of the orthogonal experiment. The results show that the primary and secondary order of the factors is the dosage of foaming agent > the dosage of collector > the impeller speed > the aeration dosage. The optimal scheme obtained from the orthogonal experiment is A2B2C3D3, that is, the dosage of frother is 800 g/t, the dosage of collector is 1600 g/t, the slurry concentration is 60 g/L, the impeller speed is 1800 r/min, and the aeration dosage is 0.175 m3/(m2/min). Under the optimal conditions, after the "one roughing and one cleaning" flotation process, a clean coal with yield of 49.41%, ash of 8.70%, and a tailing coal with yield of 50.59%, ash of 74.15% were obtained.