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A highly stretchable and wide-temperature adaptable hydrophobic ionogel has been designed. The ionogel based sensor shows excellent durability and good stability no matter in the air with different humidity environments or in aquatic environments.

Here, we report a simple method for preparing muscle-mimetic highly tough, conductive, and stretchable liquid crystalline ionogels which contains only one poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) in an ionic liquid via in situ free radical photohomopolymerization by using nitrogen gas instead of air atmosphere. Due to eliminating the inhibition caused by dissolved oxygen, the polymerization under nitrogen gas has much higher molecular weight, lower critical sol-gel concentration, and stronger mechanical properties. More importantly, benefiting from the unique loofah-like microstructures along with the strong internal ionic interactions, entanglements of long PIL chains and liquid crystalline domains, the ionogels show special optical anisotropic, superstretchability (8000%), high fracture strength (up to 16.52 MPa), high toughness (up to 39.22 MJ/m

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Abortusequi is a major pathogen in horse and donkey herds, causing abortion in pregnant equids and resulting in enormous economic losses. A rapid and reliable method is urgently needed to detect S .

In this work, a stretchable, dual thermo-responsive and strain-responsive ionogel has been synthesized by one-step photopolymerization. The obtained ionogel shows an ultrahigh stretchability (∼3000%), a high ionic conductivity (up to 3.1 mS/cm), and a good temperature tolerance (-40 to 300 °C). Importantly, these ionogels show an upper critical solution temperature-type phase transition with a wide tunable phase-transition temperature (17.5-42.5 °C) and reversible color/transparency switching. In particular, the as-prepared ionogel-based flexible/wearable temperature monitors and smart windows show an excellent designability and programmability, temperature modulation ability, and thermal responsiveness. Moreover, the ionogels-based strain sensors have temperature- and strain-dual responsibility and a broad strain-sensing range (1-700%), which can effectively monitor various motions. This strategy of fabricating dual thermo- and strain-responsive ionogels by using a one-step method and only one polymer holds great promise for the next generation of multifunctional stimuli-responsive materials.

Constructing ordered hierarchical porous electrocatalysts while maintaining their high efficiency and stability for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is highly desirable but still remains challenging. Herein, hierarchical tri-metal-based hollow nano/micro rod-on-rod array structures, including hydroxides and phosphates, are vertically grown on Cu foam by the cation-exchanging and anion exchanging approaches. Such ordered porous architecture, providing multi metal center, regular interconnection of macropore channel, large electrochemical surface area, small charge-transfer resistance, efficient mass transport and electron transfer for overall water splitting in alkaline media. These obtained hydroxide OER catalysts (CoMn LDH@Cu(OH)2/CF) and phosphide HER catalysts (CoMnP@Cu3P/CF) exhibited low onset potential, low Tafel slope, and prominent durability. Such excellent performance, ordered porous structure and simple preparation methods indicate that this study provides a new strategy for assembling promising catalysts for water splitting and other applications.

Tactful introduction of Ti3C2 (MXene) into a gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) via weak hydrogen bond interactions achieves effective regulation of Na plating and inhibition of dendrites, enabling superior performance of sodium metal batteries.

PMMA bone cement has been clinically used for decades in vertebroplasty due to its high mechanical strength and satisfactory injectability. However, the interface between bone and PMMA is fragile and more prone to refracture

Activation of coagulation cascades, especially FX and prothrombin, prevents blood loss and reduces mortality from hemorrhagic shock. Inorganic salts are effective but cannot stop bleeding completely in large hemorrhagic events, and rebleeding carries a significant mortality risk. The coagulation mechanism of inorganic salts has been oversimplified in the past two decades, limiting the creation of novel hemostats. Here, on the interface the activation of the coagulation, fibrinolysis, and cell activities were monitored at the protein level. The link between the hydrophilic-hydrophobic interface, hydration layer, microenvironmental structure of the crystal and amorphous salt, protease activity, and adsorption was also uncovered. It reveals that strong water binding and fibrinogen adsorption on kaolin's surface causes rebleeding after hemostasis, resulting in a weak thrombus. The kaolin surface inhibited the FIXa and FVIIIa composite assembly, reducing its positive feedback on the extrinsic pathway. Inspiringly, amorphous bioactive glass (BG) with transient-dynamic ions microenvironment interface are designed to bypass the barrier of the crystal structure hydration shell, hence enhancing the continuous activation of the biomaterial surface on coagulation system. Under comparative exploration, the unique coagulation pattern of BG was obtained: upon contact with the hydrophilic BGs, intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways continuously initiated under the dynamic ionic microenvironment, and prothrombin complexes successfully hydrolyzed to thrombin without platelet membrane involvement, speeding the production of high-strength clots. Further evidence proves that BG more than doubled the survival rate of SD rats than kaolin in the lethal femoral artery, vein, and nerve disconnection hemorrhage model. This study investigates how the surface of inorganic salts assists in coagulation cascades that may help elucidate the clinical application of kaolin-gauze and pave the way to new materials for managing hemorrhage.

A novel double-sulfate composite early strength agent (DSA) incorporating aluminum sulfate and sodium sulfate was developed to improve the early strength of Portland cement paste. The effect of the DSA dosage on the setting and hardening properties, hydration process, hydration product composition, microstructure, and pore structure of the Portland cement paste was investigated to reveal its synergistic enhancement mechanism. The results show that the 3 d and 28 d compressive strengths of the Portland cement paste incorporating with 1.0% aluminum sulfate and 1.5% sodium sulfate performed the best, with a 21.3% and 29.7% increase, respectively, compared to the control group. The heat of hydration, XRD, TG, SEM, and MIP tests showed that aluminum sulfate and sodium sulfate acted synergistically, with more AFt (Ettringite) being produced by the synergistic use of 1.0% aluminum sulfate and 1.5% sodium sulfate. Moreover, the hydration of C3S and C2S was accelerated, which resulted in a denser microstructure.

Injectable bone biomaterials like bone cement should be designed and fabricated with certain biological criteria, which include: 1) recruitment and polarization of the macrophages from M1 (pro-inflammatory) to M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotype, 2) enhance vascularization, and 3) activate osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived stem cells to promote bone healing. So far, no injectable biomaterials could spontaneously regulate the entire bone healing process that involves inflammation, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis. Therefore, in this study, we designed bone cement comprised of strontium and copper-incorporated borosilicate glass (Sr/Cu-BSG) in the liquid phase of chitosan to modulate bone healing.

An efficient cryogenic distillation system was designed and constructed for the PandaX-4T dark matter detector based on the McCabe-Thiele method and the conservation of mass and energy. This distillation system is designed to reduce the concentration of krypton in commercial xenon from 5 × 10

Precise measurement of two-neutrino double beta decay (DBD) half-life is an important step for the searches of Majorana neutrinos with neutrinoless double beta decay. We report the measurement of DBD half-life of 136 Xe using the PandaX-4T dual-phase Time Projection Chamber (TPC) with 3.7-tonne natural xenon and the first 94.9-day physics data release. The background model in the fiducial volume is well constrained in situ by events in the outer active region. With a 136 Xe exposure of 15.5 kg-year, we establish the half-life as 2.27 ± 0.03 s t a t . ± 0.10 s y s t . × 1 0 21 years. This is the first DBD half-life measurement with natural xenon and demonstrates the physics capability of a large-scale liquid xenon TPC in the field of rare event searches.

We report the first dark matter search results using the commissioning data from PandaX-4T. Using a time projection chamber with 3.7-tonne of liquid xenon target and an exposure of 0.63 tonne$\cdot$year, 1058 candidate events are identified within an approximate nuclear recoil energy window between 5 and 100 keV. No significant excess over background is observed. Our data set a stringent limit to the dark matter-nucleon spin-independent interactions, with a lowest excluded cross section (90% C.L.) of $3.8\times10^{-47} $cm$^2$ at a dark matter mass of 30 GeV/$c^2$., Comment: proof draft as PRL

Implant-related microbial infection is a challenging clinical problem, and its treatment requires efficient eradication of the biofilm from the implant surface. Near-infrared (NIR)-responsive strategies are proposed as an emerging efficient antibacterial therapy. However, the utilization of photosensitizers or photocatalytic/photothermal nanomaterials in the available approach likely induces high potential risks of interfacial deterioration and biosafety compromise. Herein, a TiO

A subfamily of transcription factors known as HD-ZIP III plays distinct roles in the secondary cell wall biosynthesis, which could be attributed to the quality of cotton fiber and adaptation to drought stress. In this study, 18 HD-ZIP III genes were identified as genome wide from the upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). These genes are distributed on 14 different chromosomes, and all of them have undergone segmental duplications. Numerous cis-elements were identified in the promoter regions, which are related to phytohormone responses and abiotic stresses. Expression profiling of these genes by quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR illustrated their differential spatial expression, with preferential expression in cotton fiber. Among these genes, GhHB8-5D was predicted to encode a protein that is targeted to the cell nucleus and having self-activation ability. In addition, the ectopic expression of GhHB8-5D or its synonymous mutant GhHB8-5Dm in Arabidopsis resulted in stunted plant growth, curly leaves, and twisted inflorescence stems. Microscopy examination revealed that the morphology of vascular bundles and deposition of secondary wall had substantially altered in stems, which is concomitant with the significant alteration in the transcription levels of secondary wall-related genes in these transgenic Arabidopsis. Further, ectopic expression of GhHB8-5D or GhHB8-5Dm in Arabidopsis also led to significant increase in green seedling rate and reduction in root length relative to wild type when the plants were grown under mimicked drought stress conditions. Taken together, our results may shed new light on the functional roles of GhHB8-5D that is attributable for secondary cell wall thickening in response to drought stress. Such a finding may facilitate a novel strategy for improving plant adaptations to environmental changes via regulating the biosynthesis of secondary cell wall.

In order to recuperate the ultra-high purity xenon from PandaX-4T dark matter detector to high-pressure gas cylinders in emergency or at the end-of-run situation, a high speed ultra-high purity xenon recuperation system is designed and developed. This system includes a diaphragm pump, the heat management system, the main recuperation pipeline, the reflux pipeline, the auxiliary recuperation pipeline and the automatic control system. The liquid xenon in the detector is vaporized by the heat management system, and the gaseous xenon is compressed to 6 MPa at the flow rate of 200 standard litres per minute (SLPM) using the diaphragm compressor. The high-pressure xenon is filled into 128 gas cylinders via the main recuperation pipeline. During the recuperation, the low pressure and temperature conditions of 2 ∼ 3 atmospheres and 178 ∼ 186.5 K in PandaX-4T dark matter detector are kept by the cooperation of the main recuperation pipeline, reflux pipeline and the auxiliary recuperation pipeline to guarantee the safety, and the purity of the recuperated xenon gas is measured to ensure no contamination happened. The development of the high speed ultra-high purity xenon recuperation system is important for the operation of large-scale dark matter detectors with the requirements of strict temperature and pressure environment and low background.

VO2 is considered to be a promising sodium ion storage material owing to its high specific capacity. However, the cycling stability and rate performance obtained from this material are still unsatisfactory, as a result of inferior electronic conductivity and significant volume expansion during the charge/discharge process. Herein, we report a VO2/MXene hybrid having a three-dimensional (3D) flower-like architecture, synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method. Based on the synergistic effect of the VO2 and MXene, this material exhibits superior sodium storage behavior. When used as an anode in sodium ion batteries, the as-prepared VO2/MXene demonstrates a high reversible capacity of 280.9 mA h g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1, exceptional cycling life (141% capacity retention over 200 cycles at 0.1 A g−1) and good rate capacity (206 mA h g−1 at 1.6 A g−1). This VO2/MXene hybrid therefore shows promise as an anode material for use in sodium ion batteries.

Metal selenides have received much attention from the rechargeable battery community owing to their considerable capacity. However, attainment of a long cycle life and fast Na+ storage kinetics are still needed to enable their practical application. Co0.85Se nanosheets prepared using a simple hydrothermal method exhibit a hierarchical porous structure, which is conducive to fast electrolyte transport and rapid adsorption of Na+ ions. Herein, to improve the electronic conductivity of Co0.85Se, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is introduced to construct a three-dimensional network and achieve fast electronic transport. This defect-controlled Co0.85Se@rGO anode exhibits a highly reversible capacity of 460 mA h g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. Outstanding durability and remarkable rate stability are also achieved via the synergistic effects of vacancy transport and the heterostructure between Co0.85Se and rGO. Furthermore, the Na+ insertion/extraction mechanism is systematically investigated using ex situ X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and a series of electrochemical analyses. These analyses enable detailed characterization of the ionic diffusion kinetics and corresponding components and structural changes. Finally, a first-principles approach is employed to determine the diffusion energy barrier of Na+ ions in perfect CoSe and defective Co0.85Se.

We report a systematic determination of the responses of PandaX-II, a dual phase xenon time projection chamber detector, to low energy recoils. The electron recoil (ER) and nuclear recoil (NR) responses are calibrated, respectively, with injected tritiated methane or $^{220}$Rn source, and with $^{241}$Am-Be neutron source, within an energy range from $1-25$ keV (ER) and $4-80$ keV (NR), under the two drift fields of 400 and 317 V/cm. An empirical model is used to fit the light yield and charge yield for both types of recoils. The best fit models can well describe the calibration data. The systematic uncertainties of the fitted models are obtained via statistical comparison against the data., Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures

To summarize the methods of tibial prosthesis rotation alignment in total knee arthroplasty, and provide reference for clinicians to select and further study the methods of tibial prosthesis rotation alignment.The advantages and disadvantages of various tibial prosthesis rotation alignment methods were analyzed and summarized by referring to the relevant literature at home and abroad in recent years.There are many methods for tibial prosthesis rotation alignment, including reference to relevant anatomical landmarks, range of motion (ROM) technique, computer-assisted navigation, and personalized osteotomy. The inner one-third of the tibial tuberosity is a more accurate reference anatomical landmark, but the obesity, severe knee deformity and dysplasia have impacts on the precise placement of the tibial prosthesis. ROM technique do not need to refer to the anatomical landmark of the tibia, and aren't affected by landmark variation. It can be used for severe knee valgus deformity and the landmarks that are difficult to identify. However, it may cause internal rotation of tibial prosthesis. Computer- assisted navigation and personalized osteotomy can achieve more accurate alignment in sagittal, coronal, and rotational alignment of femoral prosthesis. However, due to the lack of reliable anatomical landmarkers related to tibia fixation, it is still controversial whether it can help the alignment of tibial prosthesis rotation.The surgeon should master the methods of rotation and alignment of tibial prosthesis, make preoperative plans, select appropriate alignment methods for different patients, and achieve individualization. Meanwhile, several anatomical landmarkers should be referred to properly during the operation, which can be used to detect the correct placement of tibial prosthesis and avoid large rotation error.通过总结人工全膝关节置换术中胫骨假体旋转对线的方法，为临床医生选择胫骨假体旋转对线方法和进一步研究提供参考。.查阅近年来国内外相关文献，分析总结各种胫骨假体旋转对线方法的优势和不足。.目前有关胫骨假体旋转对线的方法很多，主要包括参考相关解剖标志、ROM（range of motion）技术、计算机辅助导航及个性化截骨等。胫骨结节中内 1/3 是较为精确的参考解剖标志，但易受肥胖、严重膝关节畸形和发育异常等因素干扰，对胫骨假体的精确放置会产生一定影响。ROM 技术无需参考胫骨解剖标志，不受其变异的影响，可用于严重膝关节内外翻畸形及术中解剖标志难以辨识的情况，但存在假体内旋放置的可能性。计算机辅助导航技术及个性化截骨在矢状位、冠状位及股骨假体旋转对线方面均可获得更加精准的对线，但由于缺乏固定可靠的胫骨相关解剖标志，是否有助于胫骨假体旋转对线仍存有争议。.术者应掌握各种胫骨假体旋转对线的方法，做好术前计划，针对不同患者选择合适的对线方法，做到个体化。同时，术中应适当多参照几种解剖标志，可用于检测胫骨假体的放置位置，避免出现较大的旋转误差。.

Homeobox A9 (HOXA9), the expression of which is promoted by mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) and WD-40 repeat protein 5 (WDR5), is a homeodomain-containing transcription factor that plays an essential role in regulating stem cell activity. HOXA9 has been found to inhibit skeletal muscle regeneration and delay recovery after muscle wounding in aged mice, but little is known about its role in denervated/reinnervated muscles. We performed detailed time-dependent expression analyses of HOXA9 and its promoters, MLL1 and WDR5, in rat gastrocnemius muscles after the following three types of sciatic nerve surgeries: nerve transection (denervation), end-to-end repair (repair), and sham operation (sham). Then, the specific mechanisms of HOXA9 were detected in vitro by transfecting primary satellite cells with empty pIRES2-DsRed2, pIRES2-DsRed2-HOXA9, empty pPLK/GFP-Puro, and pPLK/GFP-Puro-HOXA9 small hairpin RNA (shRNA) plasmids. We found, for the first time, that HOXA9 protein expression simultaneously increased with increasing denervated muscle atrophy severity and that upregulated MLL1 and WDR5 expression was partly associated with denervation. Indeed, in vitro experiments revealed that HOXA9 inhibited myogenic differentiation, affected the best known atrophic signaling pathways, and promoted apoptosis but did not eliminate the differentiation potential of primary satellite cells. HOXA9 may promote denervated muscle atrophy by regulating the activity of satellite cells.

In this work, we propose a p-harmonic Mumford–Shah (MS) functional with adaptive variable exponent 1 ≤ p(x) ≤ 2 according to image gray feature, which provides a model for image segmentation and smoothing. The paper analyzes the physical characteristics of the related p-harmonic equation in local coordinates and explains that diffusion behavior of p-harmonic is superior to that of anisotropic diffusion and isotropic diffusion in essence. Thus the proposed model is more suitable for segmentation and smoothing of noisy images with intensity inhomogeneities while simultaneously preserving edges than the piecewise smooth MS (PSMS) model. Then effective numerical scheme is constructed to handle its computation using level set method. The model is finally applied on a wide variety of image segmentation and smoothing. All these results show that the proposed model is effective.