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The Pb isotope compositions of galena in hydrothermal deposits obtained by drillings from two hydrothermal fields in the middle Okinawa Trough were studied. One of the study fields was the Iheya North field located on a volcanic complex and the other was the Izena field located in the sediment-filled caldera structure. LA-MC-ICP-MS was applied to directly measure Pb isotope compositions in individual galena grains which highlighted variations not only in regional scale, but also in microscopic scale so that changes of Pb isotope compositions within a galena grain can be tracked. Homogeneous Pb isotope compositions were found within the same hydrothermal site, irrespective of the mineral assemblage, texture and sampling depth beneath the seafloor. In contrast, the isotope compositions varied significantly between the two hydrothermal fields. The Pb isotope composition from the Iheya North field was isotopically close to the volcanic rocks of the Okinawa Trough, whereas that from the Izena field was more radiogenic with values intermediate between sediments and volcanic rocks of the Okinawa Trough. Within the Iheya North field, intra-field variation of Pb isotope compositions was recognized between two active sites 2.5 km apart from each other. The intra-field variation was recognized also in the Izena field. The sub-seafloor massive sulfide layer has a more sediment-like Pb isotope composition, compared to the inactive sulfide mound. These results illustrate that the Pb-mineralizing hydrothermal fluids originate from their local host rocks with/without sediment and that the isotope compositions of the galena grains reflect their metal sources; either the volcanic rocks and/or the sediments via water-rock interactions.