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The patents policy about block chain technology are widely focused by many country,In this paper, two aspect about block-chain patent application has been analyzed in order to enhance the possibility of authorization, one is patent application description which should be made the detailed improvements and the other is the claims which should record the related technical features, algorithms and methods. and the conclusion is that block chain patent applications, especially involving encrypted digital currencies is examined strictly than common technology,especially involving digital currencies.

To enhance the possibility of patent entitled of artificial intelligence-related inventions, firstly, patent applicants should concentrate on their construction of the claims to indicate what technical problems the invention are solving or identify the specific improvements made by the claims; secondly, the claims should be narrowly focused and provide technical solutions to technical problems, and each of the technical problems and technical solutions should be described in specification. In order to stimulate the innovation of artificial intelligence-related technologies, many countries have revised the patent examination guidelines in recent years. Patent offices in the United States, China, and Japan are the most important patent offices for artificial patent applications in the world. Japan has the loosest provision on the object. Both China and Japan have authorizations for pure algorithm patents. The United States has the strictest on the object of patent eligibility before 2019, but the newly revised guide has significantly relaxed the scope of the object.

In order to increase the possibility of patent entitled of artificial intelligence related inventions at the European Patent Office, applications should focus on what technical problems the invention are solving or identify the specific technical improvements. From the perspective of patent analysis, European artificial intelligence technology is leading the world and in this field, the European Patent Office is one of the most important intellectual property offices, and its legislation and practice of patent eligibility examination for artificial intelligence related Inventions have an important impact on the world. the European Patent Office takes the position in the Guidelines that artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies are based on mathematical methods and are therefore generally excluded from patent eligibility unless linked to a technical application. The updated Guidelines did not make substantial changes to the "technical " requirements of the patent eligible subject, but only further clarified and refined it.

To stimulate the incentives for AI-related innovations, China revised its Examination Guidelines for Patents, which came into force from 2017. The updated guidelines stipulate that if a invention relating to computer program or business model includes a technical feature, it should not be excluded from being patent eligible. Four types of claims, which are method, program module, computer system and storage media, are provided to protect the invention patent application on the computer program processing flow based on the amendment. Since artificial intelligence related inventions include methods for implementing mental steps using computers and devices designed to automate mental activities, the implicit requirements for judging patent eligibility may be inconsistent with the nature of artificial intelligence technology. In order to enhance the possibility of patent entitled of artificial intelligence related inventions, patent applicants should concentrate on their construction of the claims to indicate what technical problems the invention are solving or identify the specific improvements made by the claims.

To increase the possibility of patent entitled of artificial intelligence related inventions at the Japanese patent office, this paper analyzes the Japanese patent act and patent examination guidelines. The approach for assessing whether a computer related invention belongs to a eligible subject-matter includes two steps. The first step is whether a computer related invention meets the definition of an "invention" that is "creation of a technical idea utilizing the laws of nature" . The second step is whether a computer related invention meets "idea based on the standpoint of software" . From the perspective of patent analysis, Japan's artificial intelligence technology is leading the world, second only to the United States. In this field, the Japanese patent office is one of the most important intellectual property offices, and its legislation and practice of patent eligibility review for artificial intelligence related inventions have an important impact on the world.

The artificial intelligence technology has brought unprecedented challenges to today's ethical standards, legal rules, social order and public management systems. In terms of Patent law, the main challenge is the patent eligibility of the artificial intelligence invention. Since inventions in the field of artificial intelligence include methods for implementing mental steps using computers and devices designed to automate mental steps, the implicit requirements for judging patent eligibility may be inconsistent with the nature of artificial intelligence technology. However, due to the importance of artificial intelligence to social development, many countries have begun to revise patent examination guidelines related patent-eligibility criteria to address the challenges of artificial intelligence.

The artificial intelligence revolution has brought unprecedented challenges to today's ethical standards, legal rules, social order and public management systems. In terms of Patent law, the main challenge is the patent eligibility of the artificial intelligence invention. Computer technology is the most important technology in the field of artificial intelligence. However, since the 2014 Alice case, the US courts and USPTO have tended to deemed computer-related inventions that directed to abstract ideas that cannot meet the requirement of patent eligibility. In order to increase the possibility of patent entitled of artificial intelligence related inventions, patent applicants should should focus their construction of the claims to manifest what technical problems the invention are solving or identify the specific improvements that the claims are making.

Nitrogen availability and illumination intensity are two key factors which affect rice growth. However, their influences on total nitrogen accumulation, photosynthetic rate, root morphologies, and yields are not fully understood. We conducted two field experiments to (1) evaluate the effects of shading under different N treatments on photosynthetic parameters, root morphologies, total nutrient accumulation, and grain yields of rice; and (2) elucidate the relationship between total nutrient accumulation and root morphologies under different shading conditions and nitrogen treatments. Three nitrogen rates, three shading treatments, and three different rice cultivars were used in two field experiments. Double shading during the grain-filling stage decreased total nutrient accumulation, altered root morphological characteristics, and decreased yields in rice. There were also significant interaction effects between nitrogen and shading on photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and total root length, root superficial area, and root volume. Significant interactions were found among cultivars and shading for photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate. Correlation analysis revealed that total nitrogen accumulation (TNA) and potassium accumulation (TKA) were significantly positively correlated with total root length, root superficial area, and root volume. N application could alleviate the detrimental effects of shading on total nutrient accumulation and grain yield in rice.