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Abstract Hydrogen gas is recently proven to have anti‐oxidative and anti‐inflammation effects on ischemia‐reperfusion injury. However, the efficacy of hydrogen therapy is limited by the efficiency of hydrogen storage, targeted delivery, and controlled release. In this study, H2‐PFOB nanoemulsions (NEs) is developed with high hydrogen loading capacity for targeted ischemic myocardium precision therapy. The hydrogen‐carrying capacity of H2‐PFOB NEs is determined by gas chromatography and microelectrode methods. Positive uptake of H2‐PFOB NEs in ischemia‐reperfusion myocardium and the influence of hydrogen on 19F‐MR signal are quantitatively visualized using a 9.4T MR imaging system. The biological therapeutic effects of H2‐PFOB NEs are examined on a myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury mouse model. The results illustrated that the developed H2‐PFOB NEs can efficaciously achieve specific infiltration into ischemic myocardium and exhibit excellent antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties on myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury, which can be dynamically visualized by 19F‐MR imaging system. Moreover, hydrogen burst release induced by low‐intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) irradiation further promotes the therapeutic effect of H2‐PFOB NEs with a favorable biosafety profile. In this study, the potential therapeutic effects of H2‐PFOB NEs is fully unfolded, which may hold great potential for future hydrogen‐based precision therapeutic applications tailored to ischemia‐reperfusion injury.

Hydrogen gas is recently proven to have anti-oxidative and anti-inflammation effects on ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the efficacy of hydrogen therapy is limited by the efficiency of hydrogen storage, targeted delivery, and controlled release. In this study, H2-PFOB nanoemulsions (NEs) is developed with high hydrogen loading capacity for targeted ischemic myocardium precision therapy. The hydrogen-carrying capacity of H2-PFOB NEs is determined by gas chromatography and microelectrode methods. Positive uptake of H2-PFOB NEs in ischemia-reperfusion myocardium and the influence of hydrogen on 19F-MR signal are quantitatively visualized using a 9.4T MR imaging system. The biological therapeutic effects of H2-PFOB NEs are examined on a myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury mouse model. The results illustrated that the developed H2-PFOB NEs can efficaciously achieve specific infiltration into ischemic myocardium and exhibit excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, which can be dynamically visualized by 19F-MR imaging system. Moreover, hydrogen burst release induced by low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) irradiation further promotes the therapeutic effect of H2-PFOB NEs with a favorable biosafety profile. In this study, the potential therapeutic effects of H2-PFOB NEs is fully unfolded, which may hold great potential for future hydrogen-based precision therapeutic applications tailored to ischemia-reperfusion injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Frogs are critical economic animals essential to agricultural ecosystem equilibrium. However, Meningitis-like Infectious Disease (MID) often affects them in agricultural settings. While frog-associated microbiota contribute to elemental cycling and immunity, the effects of frog sex and health on gut bacteria remain understudied, and the relationship between frog habitat and soil microbes is unclear. We aimed to determine how frog sex, health status and habitat influence symbiotic bacteria and community assembly mechanism to provide guidance for sustainable frog farming and conservation. Results We employed 16S rRNA sequencing to investigate gut microbiota differences in relation to frog sex and health status. We also compared symbiotic communities in frog-aggregation, native and soybean soil on the farm. Results showed that gut bacterial β-diversity and taxonomy were markedly influenced by frog sex and health. Healthy frogs had more robust gut bacterial metabolism than frogs infected with MID. Cooccurrence network analysis revealed that healthy female frogs had more complex microbial network structure than males; however, diseased males showed the greatest network complexity. The assembly mechanism of gut bacteria in male frogs was dominated by deterministic processes, whereas in female frogs it was dominated by stochastic processes. Among symbiotic bacteria in frog habitat soils, deterministic processes predominantly shaped the community assembly of soybean soil. In particular, soybean soil was enriched in pathogens and nitrogen functions, whereas frog-aggregation soil was markedly increased in sulphur respiration and hydrocarbon degradation. Conclusion Our study reveals that sex mainly alters the interaction network and assembly mechanism of frog intestinal bacteria; MID infection significantly inhibits the metabolic functions of intestinal bacteria. Furthermore, diverse frog habitat soils could shape more symbiotic bacteria to benefit frog farming. Our findings provide new horizons for symbiotic bacteria among frogs, which could contribute to sustainable agriculture and ecological balance.

Purpose : To assess the effects of orthodontic treatment on the changes of Porphyromonas gingivalis ( P.g ) and gingipains as well as gingival inflammation. Materials and methods : A total of 105 patients who had healthy gingivae and were treated as research subjects, the gingival crevicular fluid of whom was all collected before treatment and in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 6th months after wearing an appliance. Then, the 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was employed to detect the levels of P.g , Lys-gingipain (Kgp) and Arg-gingipain (Rgp) in the specimens. It was followed by a statistical analysis of the data via the SPSS 23.0 software package. Results : In P.g detection, the 16S rDNA PCR technique presented specific advantages and high sensitivity. The positive detection rate of P.g in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd month of treatment ( p < .05), that of Kgp in P.g -positive patients in the 2nd and 3rd months of treatment ( p < .05), and that of Rgp in P.g -positive patients in the 2nd and 3rd months of treatment ( p < .05) were higher than the pre-treatment results. Compared with gingival index (GI)-0 patients, GI-1 patients exhibited higher positive detection rates of P.g and Kgp and Rgp, which were further found to be positively correlated with the treatment duration and GI ( p < .05). Conclusion : In the early stage of orthodontic treatment, the levels of P.g , Kgp and Rgp rise after wearing the appliance, inducing gingival inflammation.

Iron is among the most abundant elements in the soil of paddy fields, and its valence state and partitioning can be transformed by flooding and drainage alternations. However, little is known about the function of soil microbes that interact with Fe(II). In this study, sandy and loamy soils originating from rice fields were treated with Fe(II) at low and high concentrations. The findings demonstrate that additional Fe(II) has various effects on the soil’s microbial community structure and metabolic pathways. We conclude that Fe(II) at high concentrations reduced bacterial abundance and diversity in two textured paddy soils, yet the abundance in loamy soils was higher than it was in sandy soil. Additionally, in environments with high Fe(II) levels, the relative abundance of both anaerobic and chemoautotrophic bacteria increased. The Fe(II) concentration was positively correlated with total reduced substances but negatively correlated with redox potential and pH. Co-occurrence networks revealed that Fe(II) significantly promoted interactions with the most anaerobic and chemoautotrophic bacteria. In addition, adding Fe(II) greatly increased the number of more complex bacterial networks, and an increase in the number of mutually beneficial taxa occurred. We found that Fe(II) promoted the methane pathway, the Calvin cycle, and nitrate reduction to small but significant extents. These pathways involve the growth and interrelation of autotrophic and anaerobic bacteria. These results suggest that changes in the bacterial community structure occur in many dry–wet alternating environments.

BACKGROUND:Fixed orthodontic treatment is the most common method for malocclusion but has the potential risk of periodontal complication with unclear outcomes of whether microbiologic and clinical changes could be reversible in adolescents after orthodontic therapy. METHODS:Twenty adolescents with orthodontic treatment were enrolled in the study as the case group at end of the therapy, while 19 periodontally healthy adolescents were involved in the control group. At baseline (T0), clinical parameters including gingival index, probing depth and sulcus bleeding index were tested, and subgingival plaque samples were collected from the lower incisors. The counts of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, T. forsythia and total bacteria were determined by real-time PCR. All parameters were reassessed after 1 month (T1) and 3 months (T2) in the case group and compared with that of the controls. RESULTS:At baseline (T0), clinical parameters (including GI, PD, SBI) of the test sites in the case group were significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05), while PD and the amount of P.intermedia were still significantly higher compared with that of the control group (P

The placement of fixed orthodontic appliances may alter the composition of oral microbiota and has the potential risk of periodontal complication. Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriae play a critical role in colonization of P. gingivalis in subgingival regions. In this study, we investigated the association between the prevalence of P. gingivalis-specific fimA genotypes and periodontal health status in adolescent orthodontic patients, to identify the pathogencity of P. gingivalis during orthodontic therapy.Sixty-one adolescent orthodontic patients were enrolled in the case group, while the control group consisted of 56 periodontally healthy adolescents. At baseline (T0), clinical parameter (gingival index) was tested, and subgingival plaque samples were obtained from the lower incisors. The incidences of P. gingivalis and fimA genotypes were detected by polymerase chain reaction. All parameters were reassessed after 1 month (T1), 2 months (T2), 3 months (T3), and 6 months (T4) in the case group and then compared with those of the controls.Both microbiological and clinical parameters from orthodontic patients started to increase after placement of fixed appliances. Maximum values were reached at 3 months after placement and followed by their decreases at six months. However, the microbiological and clinical parameters in the case group were significantly higher than those of the control group. The GI of fimA II, IV-positive samples was significantly higher than that of negative samples.P. gingivalis carrying fimA II or IV was closely related to orthodontic gingivitis. In addition, proper oral hygiene control could lead to little increase in dental plaque accumulation, and exert a beneficial effect to periodontal tissues.

Fusobacterium nucleatum is one of the most abundant gram-negative bacilli colonizing the subgingival plaque and closely associated with periodontal disease. However it is unclear whether F. nucleatum is involved in gingival inflammation under orthodontic appliance. A novel adhesin, FadA, which is unique to oral Fusobacteria, is required for F. nucleatum binding and invasion to epithelial cells and thus may play an important role in colonization of Fusobacterium in the host. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of F. nucleatum and its virulence factor FadA adhesion gene (fadA) in 169 subgingival biofilm samples from 55 cases of gingivitis patients with orthodontic appliances, 49 cases of gingivitis patients without orthodontic treatment, 35 cases of periodontitis patients and 30 cases of periodontally healthy people via PCR. The correlations between the F. nucleatum/fadA and gingivitis index(GI)was also analyzed. The detection rate of F. nucleatum/fadA in periodontitis group and non-orthodontic gingivitis group was higher than the other two groups (p

Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered as a major etiological agent in periodontal diseases and implied to result in gingival inflammation under orthodontic appliance. rag locus is a pathogenicity island found in Porphyromonas gingivalis. Four rag locus variants are different in pathogenicity of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Moreover, there are different racial and geographic differences in distribution of rag locus genotypes. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and rag locus genotypes in 102 gingival crevicular fluid samples from 57 cases of gingivitis patients with orthodontic appliances, 25 cases of periodontitis patients and 20 cases of periodontally healthy people through a 16S rRNA-based PCR and a multiplex PCR. The correlations between Porphyromona.gingivalis/rag locus and clinical indices were analyzed. The prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and rag locus genes in periodontitis group was the highest among three groups and higher in orthodontic gingivitis than healthy people (p