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Treating the elder people in an inhumane way is termed as elder abuse. Caregiver Abuse Screen (CASE) is a measure of elder abuse that needed to be translated in the Urdu language for its validation for the Pakistani population owing to its brevity and sound psychometric properties. For Urdu translation, the standard back-translation procedure was adopted. In a purposive dyadic sample of primary caregivers (N = 500; men = 128 and women = 372) of older adults (men = 263 and women = 237) from Lahore and Sargodha districts, the CFA of Urdu Caregiver Abuse Screen (UCASE) revealed a single factor solution with 8 indicators, which demonstrated configural, metric, and scalar invariance as well as comparable latent mean scores across both genders. The caregivers' UCASE score had a significant positive relationship with depression and a non-significant relationship with the accommodation scores of the older adults, which provided evidence for the convergent and discriminant validities, respectively. Evidence of the concurrent validity was established as the caregivers who acknowledged to be abusive/neglectful scored significantly higher on UCASE as compared to the caregivers who reported not to be abusive/neglectful. Furthermore, the caregivers of the ill older adults scored significantly higher on UCASE as compared to the caregivers of healthy older adults. These pieces of evidence suggest that the UCASE is a reliable and valid screening tool for the caregiver abuse for both men and women., Author(s): Anam Khan [sup.1] , Adnan Adil [sup.1] , Sadaf Ameer [sup.1] , Sultan Shujja [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.412782.a, 0000 0004 0609 4693, Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, [...]

The current study assumed that perceived ex-partner rejection is likely to associate with increased symptoms of psychological distress among remarried women who had been previously divorced. Additionally, emotional intelligence may act as moderator between ex-partner rejection and psychological distress, and length of time between divorce and remarriage may play a role in the amount of psychological distress, a woman experiences. In this regard, 99 remarried women, who have been previously divorced, were recruited using purposive sampling technique. Separate hierarchical regressions revealed that perceived ex-spousal rejection significantly and positively predicted psychological distress, however, EI did not moderate between ex-partner rejection and psychological distress. Results further demonstrated no significant difference in level of psychological distress between group of women who remarried within 2 years of divorce, and those who remarried after 2 years of divorce. Implications for relationship researchers and mental health professionals are discussed., Author(s): Sultan Shujja [sup.1] , Ansa Akram [sup.2] , Jenny Holzapfel [sup.3] , Ashley K. Randall [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.412782.a, 0000 0004 0609 4693, Department of Psychology, University of [...]

For married individuals living in Pakistan, stress within their relationship has emerged as a major source of marital conflicts and even relationship dissolution. However, research based on the systemic transactional model of dyadic coping (DC) suggests partners’ use of coping strategies may help in buffering these devastating effects of stress. The original German version of the Dyadic Coping Inventory (DCI) is a widely used self-report measure that has been translated in various languages, however, has not been validated for use with individuals living in Pakistan who speak Urdu. The purpose of the present study was to translate and validate the DCI into Urdu for use with married individuals living in Pakistan. Data were collected from 538 Pakistani married adults. Findings supported the original factor structure of the German and English version of the DCI. As such, results supported the 33-items DCI-Urdu as a valid and reliable measure to assess DC behaviors in Pakistani married individuals. Further, convergent and discriminant validity and measurement invariance (MI) across gender for the DCI-Urdu were consistent with that of DCI-English. A validated measure of the DCI in Urdu provides new directions for researchers and clinicians working with couples in Pakistan.

Copyright of BPA - Applied Psychology Bulletin (Bollettino di Psicologia Applicata) is the property of Giunti O.S. Organizzazioni Speciali and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A substantial body of research supports a positive association between interpersonal gratitude and relationship satisfaction in couples; however, dyadic coping‐based gratitude (DC‐G) has not been investigated from a dyadic stress and coping perspective. The current study aimed to investigate the mediating role of DC‐G between trait affectivity and relationship satisfaction in couples. We collected data from both members of dyads (N = 300 married couples) for the study variables as a pre‐requisite for conducting dyadic data analysis using an actor–partner interdependent mediation model (APIMeM). The findings suggest that husbands' positive affect significantly predicted wives' relationship satisfaction via DC‐G (actor–partner effect). However, the mediating effect of DC‐G appeared to be stronger for the actor–actor and partner–partner effects compared with the cross‐partner effect, which supports the actor‐only effect. Further, wives' DC‐G mediated between husbands' negative affect and wives' relationship satisfaction, suggesting a mediating effect of DC‐G for wives but not for husbands. The implications are discussed within the context of couples' relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chief objective of the study was to investigate the mediating role of Tawakkul with perceived social competence between locus of control and flourishing in a purposive sample of 300 Muslim adults. Urdu versions of Tawakkul Scale, Diener Flourishing Scale, Perceived Social Competence Scale II and Multidimensional Locus of Control Scale were used to measure the focal variables. Tawakkul had moderate to strong positive relations with perceived social competence, flourishing and internal locus of control and a weak positive relationship with an external locus of control. Path analysis revealed that Tawakkul mediated the relationships between perceived social competence, flourishing and locus of control. Additionally, perceived social competence mediated the relationships between locus of control, Tawakkul and flourishing. Serial mediation indicated that locus of control and flourishing were mediated by perceived social competence and Tawakkul. The study's implications and future research recommendations are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of BPA - Applied Psychology Bulletin (Bollettino di Psicologia Applicata) is the property of Giunti O.S. Organizzazioni Speciali and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This cross-sectional study addressed the question of how peer rejection sensitivity may contribute to the relationship between teacher rejection sensitivity and psychological maladjustment among adolescents. Data were collected through Urdu version of Children Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (CRSQ; Shujja et al., 2017) and Personality Assessment Questionnaire (PAQ; Naz & Kausar, 2013) from the conveniently drawn sample including boys (n =140) and girls (n = 160) of 14-18 years. Moderation analysis was carried out and results revealed that peers' angry reaction to ambiguously intentioned rejection positively moderated the relationship between teachers' angry reaction to ambiguously intentioned rejection and psychological maladjustment. It means that that the nature of relationship between teachers' angry reaction to ambiguously intentioned rejection and psychological maladjustment becomes positive when peers' angry reaction to ambiguously intentioned rejection is low. Partially inconsistent with the existing literature, girls were high on peer and teacher rejection sensitivity but low on psychological maladjustment compared to boys. Findings were discussed within indigenous perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study dealt with girls' perception about step and real parental rejection and social competence in determining their psychological maladjustment. The sample comprised of 100 girls living with at least one stepparent (mother or father) within two parent families. Urdu translated versions of Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire-Child Version (Malik, 2012), Social Competence Scale for Children (Shujja & Malik, 2011), and Personality Assessment Questionnaire (Naz & Kausar, 2011) were used to assess study variables. Findings revealed that girls' perception about step and real parental rejection was significantly correlated with their psychological maladjustment. Social competence was associated with perceived parental rejection among girls in stepmother–real father families only. It was also observed that girls living in stepmother–real father families were more socially competent than their counterparts living in stepfather–real mother families were. Findings further revealed that for girls belonging to stepfather–real mother families, perceived maternal as well as stepfather rejection predicted their psychological maladjustment. However, in stepmother–real father families, perceived stepmother rejection was the only significant predictor of girls' psychological maladjustment. Findings have been discussed within indigenous cultural context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study investigated mediating role of social competence between perceived stepmothers' rejection and psychological maladjustment in stepdaughters living in stepfamilies. For this purpose, sample was drawn from different private and public schools of Lahore city through purposive sampling technique. The respondents (N = 141) exclusively belonged to stepmother families and their age ranged from 10-14 years (M = 12.34, SD = 1.01). Stepdaughters perceived their stepmothers less rejecting and showed lower level of psychological maladjustment. Baron and Kenny (1986) approach to test mediation revealed that social competence partially mediated between stepdaughters' perceived stepmother rejection and psychological maladjustment after controlling the effect of demographics. Findings are discussed in cultural context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within cultural perspective, it was aimed to translate Children Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (CRSQ; Downey, Lebolt, Rincón, & Freitas., 1998) into native language (Urdu) in order to assess the sensitivity level of children and adolescents pertaining to peer and teacher rejection. This questionnaire has strong theoretical grounds and sound psychometric properties. The standardized back translation procedure was followed to make the translation authentic and final translated version was administered on conveniently drawn sample (N = 313) with age range 14-18 years (M = 16.46, SD = 1.24) from four cities of Punjab. In order to evaluate psychometric properties of CRSQ (Urdu translation), exploratory factor analysis was conducted to explore factor structure within cultural perspective. A large number of items were exclusively loaded in single factor except few items that have been discussed with reference to cultural and situational context. Besides, three subscales were significantly correlated and alpha reliability coefficients reflected significant internal consistency ranging from .74-.85. Convergent and discriminant validity were also computed along with gender differences on three scales of CRSQ (Urdu). Findings have been discussed within cultural context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was conducted to develop a valid and reliable indigenous scale to measure social competence in adolescents. Keeping the cultural specificity of social competence in view, focus groups were conducted with teachers, expert psychologists, and parents. After careful scrutiny of constructs generated through this practice, researchers identified common sub-constructs covering social competence to optimal extent which included conflict management, individuality, self-efficacy, social adaptability, resolving identity crisis, acceptance of social norm. Similarly, behaviours were generated through separate focus groups conduced with school and college teachers, parents, and adolescents. The verbatim obtained from each focus group was transcribed and after eliminating repeated, culturally irrelevant, and age-wise inappropriate behaviours, 73 behaviours were finalized. These were, then, transformed into statements and drafted using response format Never (1), Sometime (2), Often (3) and Always (4). Psychometric properties were determined by administering finalized items pool on conveniently drawn sample (N = 398) from four cites of Punjab. Principle component factor analysis with varimax rotation, provided six exclusive factors i.e., self-efficacy, sociability, adaptability, leadership, selfconfidence and social initiative. Some of them were consistent with empirically generated constructs while others had theoretical relevance. The final scale contained 53 items with statistically derived six exclusive factors with recommended alpha coefficient ranges (.60-.87) (Peterson, 1994), significant inter-correlations of sub-scales with overall social competence, and among sub-scales. These factors have been discussed in terms of significance of the scale and its cultural relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current study was aimed to find overall prevalence of bullying, victimization and fighting behavior among 836 sixth graders (M = 12, SD= 1.20) and specifically in context of socio-economic status, type of schools and, gender in Pakistan. Data were collected from 16 private and public schools using Illinois Bullying Scale (Urdu translation) along with demographic form. Findings revealed 19.6% - 24.1% prevalence among sixth graders generally and 20.9% - 21.8% among children of low socio-economic status and, 22.7% - 23.6% among average socio-economic status specifically. Furthermore, prevalence among private and public school children ranged from 20.4% - 23.8% and 19.1% - 24.9% respectively. Children of public schools were found more involved in bullying, fighting and victimizing others as compared to private school children. Gender-wise prevalence has been found as 22%- 24.9% in boys and 22% in girls. Boys were engaged in more bullying, victimization and fighting than girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigated relationship between social competence and academic achievement in high and low achievers children. Sample comprised 204 children; 107 high achievers and 97 low achievers from 4th to 8th grades with age ranged of 9 to 13 years. Children's percentage of marks obtained in their final examination of pervious grades was taken as indicator of academic achievement which was taken from school's records. An indigenously developed Social Competence Scale for Children (SCSC) and demographic form were used. Data was collected in small groups of 10-15 students. Results showed that social competence and school systems (public vs private) were significant predictors of academic achievement. High achievers and low achievers showed significant differences on overall social competence. MANOVA showed significant effect of gender for social competence and school types on GPA. Children from government schools were score higher on social competence than children of private schools but lower in overall academic achievement. Both boys and girls of high achievers' group have significant differences on social competence with low achievers' group. Moreover, high achievers and low achievers showed significant difference on social skills, obedience, and antisocial behaviors. The results were discussed in the light of Pakistani cultural context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research was conducted to develop an indigenous scale to measure peer pressure for adolescents (14-18 years). Behaviors exhibited due to peer pressure were identified using theoretical and empirical methods. During behaviors generation phase, 161 behaviors were generated with the help of existing literature, experts, university students, adolescents. A team of researchers selected behaviors representing peer pressure after careful scrutiny. Repeated, overlapping, age-wise inappropriate behaviors were discarded and 58 behaviors were transformed into items by researchers. The response format selected for Peer Pressure Assessment Scale (PPAS) was: Never (1), Sometimes (2), Seldom (3) and Always (4). For empirical evaluation, sample comprising 207 adolescents (118 girls and 89 boys) was conveniently drawn from government and private schools and colleges of Sargodha. Principal component factor analysis with varimax rotation provided two factors solution and 29 items were finally retained using .4 factor loading criterion for Peer Pressure Assessment Scale (PPAS) with two subscales; Destructive influence of peer pressure (22 items) and Constructive influence of peer pressure (7items) respectively. Item analysis and alpha reliability revealed high internal consistency for PPAS (α=.84) and its subscales. Initial Scoring procedure was devised by analyzing percentile scores and discriminated among high, moderate and low peer pressure. There was no gender difference in experiencing peer pressure that is why no separate cutoff scores were determined. Findings are discussed in the light of indigenous cultural knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study translated Illinois Bullying Scale (BIBS) for Pakistani children and adolescents of 8-18 years. Three bilingual experts translated the scale by keeping in view the true psychological sense. Sample comprised of 536 students (268 boys and 266 girls) with mean age 13.5 years (SD = 3.1). Statistical analyses revealed that Urdu translation of IBS was highly reliable (α = .88) and three subscales (Victimization, Bully and Fight) significantly correlated with each other. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) supported the original exploratory factor analysis after excluding one item which did not fulfill the factor loading criterion. IBS was negatively correlated (r = -.39, p < .01) with Antisocial Behavior Scale (Shujja & Malik, in press) but non-significantly correlated with Raven Standard Progressive Matrices (Raven, 1956). The scale is a contribution towards measuring bullying and victimization in Pakistani children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An indigenous measure namely Social Competence Scale for Children (SCSC) was developed for children with age range of 9-13 years. Specific constructs of social competence were identified with relation to the Pakistani cultural context while using both theoretical and empirical methods. Initially, a pool of 103 items was generated with the help of preexisting literature, experts, university students, parents, teachers and children. Two hundred children; 100 boys and 100 girls were taken from 8 private and government schools in Lahore and Sargodha. Principle component factor analysis provided six factors comprising of 40 items; selection criterion was factor loadings of .35 and above. Factors were listed as Self-control, Empathy and Helping Behavior, Social Skills and Obedience, Antisocial behavior, Assertiveness and Communication. Item analysis and Cronbach’s alpha revealed significantly high internal consistency for SCSC and its 6 subscales. Final SCSC comprised of 40 items; 24 positive and 16 negative statements encompassing social competence. Scoring procedure was devised by analyzing percentile scores, three categories were identified in terms of low, moderate and high social competence to differentiate among groups. The results are discussed in particular to Pakistani socio-cultural context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigated the relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological adjustment in nurses serving in emergency and non-emergency wards of private and government hospitals. Sample comprised of nurses (N=200) with the age range 20-30 years (M= 25.6, SD=3.4). EQ-i 125 (Bar-On, 1997) and Psychological Adjustment Scale (Sabir, 1999) were administered on designated sample to measure emotional intelligence and psychological adjustment respectively. A demographic form was used to collect data on other variables i.e., wards, hospitals, professional experience. Findings indicated the positive correlation between emotional intelligence and psychological adjustment of nurses. Simple regression analysis indicated that psychological adjustment, hospitals (private/government) and professional experience emerged as significant predictor of EQ while wards (emergency/nonemergency) were neither correlated with other variables of interest nor significantly predicted EQ. In addition, nurses of private hospital were more emotionally intelligent and psychologically adjusted than their counterparts in government hospitals. Nurses with low experience(less than 5 years) were found to be more emotionally intelligent and psychological adjustment compared to nurses with high experience (greater than 5 years). Findings have been discussed with reference to Pakistani cultural and social context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research examined the role of perceived authentic leadership (AL), work overload (job demand), and autonomy on the job (job resource) in strain and motivational paths of the JD-R model. The sample of the present study was recruited through purposive sampling technique and it comprised 500 university teachers from Islamabad and the Punjab province. Decision Authority Subscale of Job Content Questionnaire (Karasek, 1985), Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (Walumbwa, Avolio, Gardner, Wernsing, & Peterson, 2008), Quantitative overload subscale of Role Overload Scale (Dekker & Barling, 1995), Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale (Williams & Anderson, 1991), Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educator Survey (Maslach, Jackson, & Leiter 1996), In-Role Performance Scale (William & Anderson, 1991), and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (Schaufeli & Bakker, 2003) were used in the current research. Findings of structured equation modeling indicated that perceived AL positively predicted job autonomy, in-role performance, work engagement (WE), and extra-job execution, and contrarily anticipated job over-burden and burnout. Employment self-rule decidedly anticipated extra-job execution and WE and adversely anticipated burnout. Burnout was the negative predictor of in-role performance as well as extra-role performance. Burnout suppressed the negative effect of role overload on in-role performance. Job autonomy and role overload mediated the relationships of perceived AL with extra-role performance, burnout, and WE; and burnout mediated the relationships of perceived AL with in-job and extra-job execution. Implications of the results and proposals for future investigations have been reflected upon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the current study was to examine predictive relationship pattern between emotional intelligence (EI), and career decision making. Sample of the study comprised of (N = 203) university undergraduates. EI, its facets and career decision making were operationalized through Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (Wong & Law, 2002) and Career Decision Profile (Jones & Lohmann, 1998) respectively. Correlational analysis revealed that emotional intelligence was positively correlated with career decision making. More specifically, the constructs of EI most related to career decision making were examined. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that among EI factors self-emotional appraisal, and utilization of emotions were found significantly correlated with career decision making. Finally linear regression yielded overall EI as significant positive predictor of career decision making. Limitations and suggestions of the current study have been discussed for future research endeavors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]