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Solid waste management (SWM) is one of the most neglected aspects and becoming a challenge for India as well as other developing nations’ environment. India is one of the world’s large and fastest-growing economy. Based on the trends in different nations like the US, China and European countries, it is clear that a developing economy of the nation and population of the country is also playing a vital role in the increasing rate of solid waste generation. Unsegregated waste is the root cause of the inefficient municipal solid waste management (MSWM) systems in India. The existing approach to managing the MSW such as collection, transportation and treatment results in poor utilization of resources. This review paper addresses the current status of MSWM in India. In this paper, various issues and challenges to obtain 100 % source segregated municipal solid waste are also discussed through different cases of urban areas. A way forward through an overview of the municipal waste management policies and practices adopted is being presented in the paper.

Objective The purpose of this study was to study the role of dermoscopy in augmenting the diagnosis of various common dermatoses. Methods Six clinicians with different levels of expertise (< one year or inexperienced, 1-5 years or moderately experienced, >5 years or expert) were administered questionnaires in form of clinical and dermoscopic images (with or without history), of common dermatoses. The questionnaires were divided into 5 categories: clinical image (CI), dermoscopic image (DI), clinical image with history (CIH), dermoscopic image with history (DIH) and clinical image, dermoscopic image with history (CDH). The correct responses in each of the sections were analyzed with respect to the diseases and the level of expertise. Results The comparison of correct responses with respect to expertise revealed that the responses of expert, moderately experienced and inexperienced clinicians were 100%, 95.1% and 49.1% respectively which was statistically significant. The percentage of correct responses was higher with clinical images as compared to dermoscopic image. The addition of dermoscopy to clinical image and history (CIH) increased the percentage of correct responses only marginally by 3.03%. Comparison of correct responses with respect to various dermatoses showed that DI when used for diagnosis fared poorly when compared with CI though it was not found to be statistically significant. Conclusion Dermoscopy is an useful tool in dermatological diagnosis which is evolving in terms of its application and user adaptability. The study showed that Clinical examination and history taking is still invaluable and can suffice for the diagnosis of many common dermatological conditions and dermoscopy does not significantly augment the clinical diagnosis in common dermatological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractLet k be a field of characteristic zero. If c1,c2∈k∖{0},s,t≥1 and u≥0, then it is shown that the k-derivations ∂x+xu(c1xtys+c2)∂y and ∂x+xu(c1xt+c2ys+1)∂y of k[x, y] are simple. We also give a necessary and sufficient condition for the k-derivation yr∂x+(c1xt1ys1+c2xt2ys2)∂y, where r,t1,s1,t2,s2≥0 and c1,c2∈k, of k[x, y] to be simple. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study pivoted on the numerical simulation of magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid flow through the irregular boundary over the Riga plate with heat radiation, suction/injection. The governing equations of continuity, momentum, and energy are constructed to be nonlinear in nature, based on the current problem. The combination of Quasilinear technique with finite difference method using irregular boundaries has been used to solve the governing equations. The velocity profile is enhanced for incremented values of Hartman number. The thermal radiation parameter due to Rosseland approximations is enhanced for temperature and concentration profiles whereas it declines the heat transfer and mass transfer profiles. Temperature, concentration, and heat transfer rates increase for augmented magnetic parameter values, but velocity and skin friction coefficient profiles show the opposite behaviour. The enhanced values of Biot number along with suction/injection parameter reduces the values of skin friction coefficient. The radiation parameter helps to drop the energy rate in the fluid flow as it reduced the skin friction coefficient values. The upsurged values of the thermal radiation parameter along with electromagnetic parameter decreases the values of the Nusselt number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a case of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) in a young woman with cutaneous, ocular, renal, and gastrointestinal involvement. The patient presented with recurrent cutaneous lesions, joint pains, and eye redness, leading to a diagnosis of GPA based on clinical and histological findings. Despite initial treatment with steroids and azathioprine, the patient developed severe gastrointestinal complications, highlighting the importance of recognizing and managing GI involvement in GPA to prevent serious outcomes. The article emphasizes the need for a high index of suspicion and prompt therapy in such cases to avoid potential morbidity and mortality. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to vascular complications. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes. Videocapillaroscope has been the predominant tool for nailfold capillary analysis. We aimed at using the commonly available handheld dermatoscope and observed changes in the nailfold capillaries as a part of evaluating diabetic microvascular involvement. Materials and methods A cross-sectional observational study involving 262 patients of diabetes mellitus and 150 controls was conducted for nailfold capillaroscopic changes using a hand-held dermatoscope over a period of 1 year. Results All the capillaroscopic variables like tortuosity, increased capillary density, neoangiogenesis, microhaemorrhages, avascular areas, crossing and meandering capillaries and receding capillaries were significantly more among diabetic than healthy controls. Patients with diabetic retinopathy had significant nailfold capillaroscopic features as compared to patients without DR (P value < 0.001). Neoangiogenesis, receding capillaries and avascular area were significantly higher in proliferative DR as against nonproliferative DR (P < 0.001). A positive association was found between the duration of DM and HbA1c values and NFC features. A decrease in the visualisation of NFC features were noted with increasing skin tone. The difference was significantly more between Fitzpatrick skin phototypes 4 and 5. Limitations The study was limited by its qualitative nature of accessing parameters as precise quantitative assessment of various findings cannot be done by a hand-held dermatoscope. Conclusion Nailfold capillaroscopy is a quick, cost-effective screening tool for identifying patients at high risk of DR in patients with skin of colour. NFC findings may mirror DR changes. The qualitative findings of NFC using a hand-held dermatoscope were comparable to other modes of nailfold capillaroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Aswath. Rajan, Varadraj. Pai, Pankaj. Shukla Sir, The Prototheca species are achlorophyllic algae that do not possess chloroplast or pyrenoids and behave as saprophytes.[1] They can infect both humans [...]

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in early infancy arises more commonly as congenital infection or less commonly is acquired postnatally, although exact differentiation between both categories could be difficult. We hereby describe the case of severe CMV infection in a 2‑month‑old infant who was born prematurely of a twin pregnancy at 29.4 weeks. The baby presented with an array of skin manifestations comprising target lesions, papulovesicles, ulcers, and crusting along with systemic involvement (bronchopneumonia). We report this case to highlight the various unusual cutaneous manifestations of CMV infection in infancy and to raise the awareness among clinicians for the early diagnosis and prompt treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two integral transforms involving Gaussian hypergeometric functions in the Kernel, which are generalization of classical Riemann-Liouville and Erdeyi-Kober fractional integral are considered and Applied on the Bessel functions of the first kind and thus two main results are derived, which are given in the form of two theorems. These two main results are obtained in terms of generalized wright functions, which are also expressed in terms of generalized hypergeometric functions, Corollaries & special cases are also considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Harshal. Ranglani, Varadraj. Pai, Pankaj. Shukla Sir, Cutaneous metastases from internal malignancies account for approximately 5% of all metastases.[1] Metastases to the skin from primary cancers of the upper [...]

Byline: Varadraj. Pai, Diksha. Phadke, Pankaj. Shukla, Krupeksha. Naik Background: Acitretin is a widely used systemic retinoid in the treatment of psoriasis. Dosage of acitretin in not weight adjusted due [...]

The objective of the present investigation is to provide a theoretical analysis of the flow of an incompressible couple stress fluid through a Reiner–Rivlin liquid which is covered by a permeable medium. On the surface of the sphere, the boundary conditions, such as nil couple stress condition, impenetrability condition, continuity of velocities, and continuity of stresses, are applied. This research aims to analyze the flow behavior which has been evaluated under the influence of dimensionless parameter, couple stress parameter, and parameter impacting viscosity. The essential components that influenced the couple stress parameter in relation to couple stress viscosity are physically interpreted and presented. The analysis concludes with a graphical representation of flow pattern and drag under the effects of the couple stress parameter, couple stress viscosity ratio, permeability parameter, etc. The findings demonstrate that the Reiner–Rivlin liquid parameter (S) has an increasing function in the non-dimensional drag case but a decreasing function in the pressure case. Moreover, the stress viscosity of the couple is a significant component that impacts the drag and the pressure. Also, the streamline pattern shows that the couple stress fluid was completely penetrated by the Reiner–Rivlin liquid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]