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The Better Neighborhoods, Same Neighbors project is a multi-year grant of $28.2 million with the City of Oakland, University of San Francisco and community based organizations to address climate resiliency alongside economic and social empowerment in East Oakland. he Better Neighborhoods Same Neighbors project is supported by California Strategic Growth Council's Transformative Climate Commu­nities Program with funds from California Climate Investments- Cap-and-Trade Dollars at Work. This repository holds evaluation resources for the grant.

Annual reports provided to the California Strategic Growth Council (SGC) and the the California Air Resources Board

The author conducted this constructivist grounded theory study to describe perceptions, behaviors, and communication that hospice caring triads engage in while managing cancer pain, specifically how these social processes can be assessed and used to improve poorly-controlled pain. Three hospice caring triads comprised of patients, family caregivers, and nurses along with one nurse-patient dyad, were recruited into this longitudinal qualitative study. Each group was observed during nursing visits. Triad and dyad members were individually interviewed. Nurses participated in a focus group and survey. The author used constant comparative methods of data analysis, including line-by-line gerund coding, theoretical codes from cancer pain assessment standards, theoretical sampling of early codes, memo writing, and concept-mapping to raise codes into concepts and domains for a theoretical framework. Study trustworthiness included appropriate methodology to answer research questions, prolonged and repeated participant engagement, triangulation of content across participants, reflexive memos, and use of multiple data sources. Results were presented in a triadic case study comparing and contrasting the two cancer pain social processes domains related to pain control: Controlling Cancer Pain and Proximity. The first domain included perceptions of pain control, goals, and efficacy. The second domain included physical and emotional distance between triad members, presence of communication, and level of agreement. When triads were compared, one triad with close emotional and physical proximity had a shared perception of pain meaning and goals for control, and effective communication for pain management behaviors. The other triads had more physical and emotional distance, communication that was vague, and differing perceptions of pain control, pain meaning, or control goals. An important difference for these other triads was a lack of agreement about pain perception and pain severity, as well as vague communication about pain perception, with subsequent impact on pain goals. Controlling Cancer Pain and Proximity social processes are inextricable with cancer pain management for hospice caring triads. Assessment tools for proximity-related social processes which measure closeness, communication, and agreement among hospice caring triad members should be developed and tested for improving cases of poorly controlled pain. Development and testing of simple open-ended functional goal assessments is needed.

AimsThe ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted and delayed medical and surgical examinations where attendance is required in person. Our article aims to outline the validity of online assessment, the range of benefits to both candidate and assessor, and the challenges to its implementation. In addition, we propose pragmatic suggestions for its introduction into medical assessment.MethodsWe reviewed the literature concerning the present status of online medical and surgical assessment to establish the perceived benefits, limitations, and potential problems with this method of assessment.ResultsGlobal experience with online, remote virtual examination has been largely successful with many benefits conferred to the trainee, and both an economic and logistical advantage conferred to the assessor or organization. Advances in online examination software and remote proctoring are overcoming practical caveats including candidate authentication, cheating prevention, cybersecurity, and IT failure.ConclusionVirtual assessment provides benefits to both trainee and assessor in medical and surgical examinations and may also result in cost savings. Virtual assessment is likely to be increasingly used in the post-COVID world and we present recommendations for the continued adoption of virtual examination. It is, however, currently unable to completely replace clinical assessment of trainees. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(2):111–118.