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Radiative cooling has attracted considerable attention due to its tremendous potential in exploiting the cold reservoir of deep sky. However, overcooling always occurs in the conventional static radiative coolers because they operate only in the cooling mode in both hot and cold. Therefore, a dynamic radiative cooler based on phase change materials is highly desired. Nevertheless, the practical outdoor phase-change-based dynamic radiative cooling has not yet been experimentally demonstrated. To satisfy the stringent requirement of the phase-change-based radiative cooler in outdoor weather conditions, we engineered the phase-change material (VO

Electrochromic devices (ECDs) can regulate the indoor solar radiation by adjusting optical transmissive properties, showing great commercial potential and important social value of green energy saving. However, the unsafety and high cost of Li+ based electrolyte hinder the large-scale and industrialized production of ECDs. Other metal ions have been used as electrolyte ions, but they are rarely reported in all solid state ECDs. In this study, MgF2 film is used as the solid electrolyte to construct all solid state ECD with the structure of glass/ITO/WO3/MgF2/NiO/ITO. The ECD shows the large optical modulation (∼83% at 820 nm, with 100 s durations) and fast response (19.2 s for bleaching and 8.3 s for coloring, with 25 s durations). Moreover, the ECD achieves the extreme transmittance value of colored states Tc ≈ 0%, which can give an absolute private state. This work not only indicates that MgF2 film can be an alternative to Li+ based electrolyte in all solid state ECDs, but also broadens the applications of all solid state EC smart windows to private buildings.

In this work, the effect of coagulation bath temperature in different solvent systems [1,4-butyrolactone (GBL)/N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC)] on the structure and dielectric properties of polyimide (PI) films was investigated for the first time. The solubility parameter was introduced to explain the formation process of porous PI films. The results showed that the changed tendency of the dielectric constant versus temperature is opposite for the single-solvent system and cosolvent system. For a single DMAC and GBL solvent, the dielectric constants of the films decreased with increasing temperature. In contrast, the dielectric constants increased with the increase in temperature for the GBL/DMAC cosolvent system. Moreover, the measured porosities were applied to estimate the dielectric constants of the PI films. This showed that the porosity increased with increasing temperature for a single-solvent system, while it decreased for a cosolvent system. Scanning electron microscopy images suggested that the variation trends are derived from the different influences of the temperature on the structure and morphology. Thus, this study reveals the effect of coagulation bath temperature on the structure and dielectric properties of porous PI films and provides the guidance for the design and optimization of architectures for high-performance porous films.

Dynamic thermal management materials attract fast-increasing interest due to their adaptability to changing environments and greater energy savings as compared to static materials. However, the high transition temperature and the low emittance tunability of the vanadium dioxide (VO

Vanadium dioxide is a well-known phase-change material on account of its unique changes of optical property, which has seen a great increase in its implementation for the regulation of thermal radiance. However, the fabrication of VO2 needs strict conditions for its narrow sliver in the phase diagram. In this paper, in situ preparation of VO2 films by high-power impulse magnetron sputtering is proposed, in which ionized flux density is used to direct the crystal growth. Besides, the surface structure and thermochromic behaviors of the deposited films are studied in detail. Furthermore, simulations are carried out for the sake of optimizing the thickness of VO2 films with the largest emissivity modulation ability, and the experimental result reveals that their tuning range reaches up to 0.32. It is believed that our work will find wide applications not only in fundamental material science but also in thermal radiance regulation.

The unsafe deposition process and slow deposition rate of the electrolyte layers are the main obstacles for electrochromic devices (ECDs) toward commercial application. In this work, an ECD with a structure of glass/ITO/WO3/LiF/NiO/ITO has been prepared by electron beam and resistance evaporation methods. The LiF electrolyte is deposited by resistance evaporation with the LiF particles and shows promising potential as the Li+ based electrolyte in ECDs owing to its high transparency and good ionic conductivity. The ECD shows a fast response (4.0 s for bleaching and 9.6 s for coloring), large optical transmittance modulations (∼58.9% at 625 nm, 100 s for coloring), good stability and high coloration efficiency (88.5 cm2 C-1). This work not only indicates that LiF can be used as a Li+ based electrolyte in an ECD, but also paves a new way to fast and safe preparation of ECDs with high performance.

Flexible polyaniline films doped by H2SO4–HClO4 multiple acids were synthesized, and for the first time, their electrochromic mechanism was studied via optical characterizations from the aspects of polarons and roughness. The electrochromic device based on the doped polyaniline films as the active material exhibits Δe of 0.47 in 8–14 μm and reflectivity higher than 80% in 250–400 nm, which can be integrated with the white snow environment in the UV-vis-infrared spectroscopy due to the sunlight scatter from the abundant micropores. In addition, the device exhibits a superior fast electrochromic behavior and stability of more than 200 cycles without compromising its performance. More importantly, the finite-element method and experimental results demonstrate that the device can achieve thermal management upon flat and twisted configuration. The flexible device shows promise for a broad range of potential applications in optical and thermal regulation systems.

Daytime radiative cooling has attracted considerable attention recently due to its tremendous potential for passively exploiting the coldness of the universe as clean and renewable energy. Many advanced materials with novel photonic micro/nanostructures have already been developed to enable highly efficient daytime radiative coolers, among which the flexible hierarchical porous coatings (HPCs) are a more distinguished category. However, it is still hard to precisely control the size distribution of the randomized pores within the HPCs, usually resulting in a deficient solar reflection at the near-infrared optical regime under diverse fabrication conditions of the coatings. We report here a three-phase (i.e., air pore-phase, microsphere-phase, and polymer-phase) self-assembled hybrid porous composite coating, which dramatically increases the average solar reflectance and yields remarkable temperature drops of ∼10 and ∼ 30 °C compared to the ambient circumstance and black paint, respectively, according to the rooftop measurements. Mie theory and Monte Carlo simulations reveal the origin of the low reflectivity of as-prepared two-phase porous HPCs, and the optical cooling improvement of the three-phase porous composite coatings is attributed to the newly generated interfaces possessing the high scattering efficiency between the hierarchical pores and silica microspheres hybridized with appropriate mass fractions. As a result, the hybrid porous composite approach enhances the whole performance of the coatings, which provides a promising alternative to the flexible daytime radiative cooler.

Radiative cooling, as a passive way to dissipate heat into outer space without any extra energy, has attracted considerable attention recently. However, the metal reflector of the conventional cool...

Although the properties of electrochromic materials (ECMs) have been enhanced using fabricated porous materials, the effect of materials porosity on such an enhancement remains unclear. Here, we report a novel ECMs with an adjustable pore hierarchy based on quasi-amorphous and ordered arrays of SiO2@Fc(COCH3)2. ECMs with different pore systems were generated by modifying Fc(COCH3)2 concentration and self-assembly temperature. The composition and core-shell structure of the SiO2@Fc(COCH3)2 nanospheres were confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and EDX mapping. The influence of adjustable pore system on the electrochemical behavior was studied. Experimental results showed that the current density of the redox couple peaks of the quasi-amorphous porous SiO2@Fc(COCH3)2 films are considerably lower than those of the ordered porous films but are higher than those of the dense Fc(COCH3)2 films. At 550 nm, the transmittance variation of the quasi-amorphous porous SiO2@Fc(COCH3)2 film is 19%, whereas that of the ordered porous film is 35%. The coloration and bleaching times of the quasi-amorphous porous SiO2@Fc(COCH3)2 film are 17.1 s and 4.5 s, respectively, whereas those of the ordered porous film are only 16.5 s and 3.5 s, respectively. Furthermore, the porosities of the films are solved numerically by the finite-element method. For the ordered porous SiO2@Fc(COCH3)2 film, the porosity is 0.26, while the quasi-amorphous film became larger (0.31–0.41). This work is the first step in combining ferrocene derivative and colloidal crystal porous structures to develop a green, simple and efficient electrochromic process.

In this study, monolayer hollow spherical tungsten oxide (WO3) films have been prepared for the first time by magnetron sputtering combined with the colloidal crystal template method. Due to the large specific surface area, short ion diffusion distances, and weak scattering of the monolayer hollow structure, the hollow spherical WO3 film exhibits excellent electrochromic performance. This includes high transmittance modulation in the near-infrared spectral range (78.8% at λ = 1000 nm), fast switching response time (2.41 s for coloration and 1.28 s for bleaching), and high coloring efficiency (102.9 cm2 C−1) at 1000 nm. The results show that the hollow spherical WO3 film can effectively regulate incident light, especially in the near infrared band, which is not visible but has significant thermal effects.

Adaptive infrared (IR) electrochromic devices driven by electrical energy have considerable potential use in intelligent IR thermal management application in the future. Polyaniline (PANI) is regarded as an ideal material for IR electrochromic devices due to its intrinsic IR electrochromic properties. However, despite extensive study focusing on improving the IR electrochromic properties of PANI, few experiments have been performed for in-depth study of the IR electrochromic mechanism of PANI or to improve its variable IR emissivity efficiency. Herein, an HClO4-doped PANI porous film with excellent IR regulation ability was fabricated via in situ electrochemical deposition on an Au/microporous substrate, and the IR electrochromic mechanism of the PANI film was further elucidated. A combination of Raman spectra, UV-vis spectra, XPS analyses, transmittance curves and emittance curves of the PANI porous film in distinct conjugation states and corresponding dedoping states confirms that the most direct and critical factors for realizing the emissivity modulation of PANI films are the formation and the elimination of polarons and bipolarons delocalized on PANI chains. The key factor to achieve large amplitude emissivity modulation of PANI films is fully and effectively regulating the transformations between the various states of PANI. In addition, an IR electrochromic device was fabricated through assembly with HClO4-doped PANI porous films. The device can realize modulation of the emittance variation from 0.735 to 0.316 (Δe = 0.419) and of the radiation energy variation from 273.503 to 117.661 W m−2 (ΔP = 155.842 W m−2) in the wavelength range of 2.5 to 25 μm. Furthermore, the device assembled with nanoporous PE possesses lower α(s) and excellent IR control capability. Also, this study shows that the device can change its color by electrical control in a thermal imaging system; these demonstrations suggest its potential for the future development of intelligent IR thermal management applications.

Computational modeling is a crucial approach in material-related research for discovering new materials with superior properties. However, the high design flexibility in materials, especially in the realm of metamaterials where the sub-wavelength structure provides an additional degree of freedom in design, poses a formidable computational cost in various real-world applications. With the advent of big data, deep learning (DL) brings revolutionary breakthroughs in many conventional machine learning and pattern recognition tasks such as image classification. The accompanied data-driven modeling paradigm also provides transformative methodology shift in materials science, from trial-and-error routine to intelligent material discovery and analysis. This review systematically summarize the application of DL in material science, based on a model selection perspective for both natural materials and metamaterials. The review aims to uncover the logic behind data-model relation with emphasis on suitable data structures for different scenarios in the material study and the corresponding problem-solving DL model architectures.

Metamaterial absorber/emitter is an important aspect of infrared radiation manipulation. In this paper, we proposed four simple switchable infrared metamaterial absorbers/emitters with Ag/VO 2 disks on the Ag plane employing triangle, square, hexagon, and circle unit cells. The spectral absorption peaks whose intensities are above 0.99 occur at ~4 μ m after structure optimization when VO 2 is in insulating state and disappear when VO 2 becomes metallic state. The simulated electromagnetic field reveals that the spectral absorption peaks are attributed to the excitation of magnetic polariton within the insulating VO 2 spacer layer, whose values exceed 1.59 orders of magnitude higher than the incident magnetic field. Longer resonant wavelength would be excited in square arrays because its configuration is a better carrier of charges at the same spans. For absorption stability, the absorbers/emitters with square and circular structures do not have any change with the polarization angles changing from 0° to 90°, due to the high rotational symmetric structure. And four absorbers/emitters reveal similar shifts and attenuations under different incident angles. We believed that the switchable absorber/emitter demonstrates promising applications in the sensing technology and adaptive infrared system.

As a representative device exploiting both the solar energy and the radiative cooling of deep-sky, the radiative temperature regulator (RTR) could switch between heating and cooling modes self-adaptively at different temperatures. However, the concept of RTR is challenging to be implemented due to the intense parasitic absorption in phase-changing layers. Here, based on the theoretical framework of energy conservation, we quantitatively reveal the intrinsic relationships between solar heating and radiative cooling, especially addressing the fundamental limiting factors, including the parasitic absorption and the spectral emission selectivity, as well as the dynamic responses of the phase-changing device under various operating conditions. The investigation presents more insight into the underlying physics of RTRs and provides feasible architectures for realizing such a kind of new functional device., Comment: 14 Pages, 6 figures, submitted to Photonics Research on 23th Nov. 2020

Metamaterial absorber/emitter is an important aspect of infrared radiation manipulation. In this paper, we proposed four simple switchable infrared metamaterial absorbers/emitters with Ag/VO2 disks on the Ag plane employing triangle, square, hexagon, and circle unit cells. The spectral absorption peaks whose intensities are above 0.99 occur at ~4 μm after structure optimization when VO2 is in insulating state and disappear when VO2 becomes metallic state. The simulated electromagnetic field reveals that the spectral absorption peaks are attributed to the excitation of magnetic polariton within the insulating VO2 spacer layer, whose values exceed 1.59 orders of magnitude higher than the incident magnetic field. Longer resonant wavelength would be excited in square arrays because its configuration is a better carrier of charges at the same spans. For absorption stability, the absorbers/emitters with square and circular structures do not have any change with the polarization angles changing from 0° to 90°, due to the high rotational symmetric structure. And four absorbers/emitters reveal similar shifts and attenuations under different incident angles. We believed that the switchable absorber/emitter demonstrates promising applications in the sensing technology and adaptive infrared system.

Inspired by the curiousness that what happens if the silver ant’s hair is designed to be hollow-core rather than solid-core while maintaining its triangular shape, the thermoregulatory response of both the solid- and hollow-core schemes are investigated comprehensively in a photothermal viewpoint. Optical responses, power balances, and field distributions collectively show that the hollow-core system has many advantages over the solid-core system in terms of selective reflection, omnidirectional absorption capability, and overall cooling performance. The investigation sheds more light on the physics in the hollow-core structures and suggests an alternative biomimetic scheme for thermal management.

A metal layer with high reflectance is widely used as the bottom mirror of smart radiation devices. Reduced solar absorption and enhanced emittance tunability are required for smart radiation devices applied in aerospace. Thus, reducing the absorption in the metal is also necessary. Here, Al films have been prepared by direct current magnetron sputtering on the fused silica substrate. The structure, morphology, and optical properties of the films have been analyzed at various deposition temperatures and deposition times. The spectrum absorption tends to increase with the increase of surface roughness due to the agglomeration and size increase of Al particles, which has been further demonstrated by the simulated results. The optimized Al film exhibits small solar absorption of 0.14 and low emittance of 0.02, which benefits the application for smart radiation devices and solar reflectors.

Several kinds of polyimide (PI) films stemmed out of 4, 4&rsquo, &ndash, diaminodiphenyl ether, as well as various structurally various aromatic dianhydride, were prepared. The films&rsquo, mechanical, dielectric, and dynamic mechanical attributes were put under investigation. According the findings, the PI films&rsquo, performance is significantly different as a result of their diverse structure. PI&rsquo, s dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent of abides by the increasing order below: PMDA-PI&gt, BTDA-PI&gt, BPDA-PI. Moreover, the electric breakdown strength of BTDA-PI (478.90 kV/mm) presents a lot higher value compared to the one PMDA-PI (326.80 kV/mm) and BPDA-PI (357.07 kV/mm). In particular, BTDA-PI film possesses high electric breakdown strength about 478.90 kV/mm. In addition, PI&rsquo, s glass transition temperature (Tg) are, respectively, 276 &deg, C (BTDA-PI), and290 &deg, C (BPDA-PI), as well as 302 &deg, C (PMDA-PI). Therefore, in virtue of their various structures and performances, practical applications of PI films can exert significant role in the electronics and microelectronics industries.

Precise optical and thermal regulatory systems are found in nature, specifically in the microstructures on organisms' surfaces. In fact, the interaction between light and matter through these microstructures is of great significance to the evolution and survival of organisms. Furthermore, the optical regulation by these biological microstructures is engineered owing to natural selection. Herein, the role that microstructures play in enhancing optical performance or creating new optical properties in nature is summarized, with a focus on the regulation mechanisms of the solar and infrared spectra emanating from the microstructures and their role in the field of thermal radiation. The causes of the unique optical phenomena are discussed, focusing on prevailing characteristics such as high absorption, high transmission, adjustable reflection, adjustable absorption, and dynamic infrared radiative design. On this basis, the comprehensive control performance of light and heat integrated by this bioinspired microstructure is introduced in detail and a solution strategy for the development of low-energy, environmentally friendly, intelligent thermal control instruments is discussed. In order to develop such an instrument, a microstructural design foundation is provided.

Vanadium dioxide (VO2)-based thermochromic coatings has attracted considerable attention in the application of smart windows as a result of their intriguing property of metal–insulator transition a...

We present a facile method to prepare W - doped VO2 films with lowered phase transition temperature (Tt), narrowed hysteresis loops width (ΔTt) and excellent cycle stability. The W - doped VO2 films have been obtained by inorganic sol - gel method. And W dopant is introduced by pouring melt V2O5 into ammonium tungstate solution. The properties of the samples are measured by XRD, XPS, SEM and transmittance spectra. The Tt is reduced from 73 °C to 20 °C along with the ΔTt narrowed from 10 °C to 4 °C as W dopant increasing from 0 to 3.2 at%. Besides, no obvious attenuation is observed on crystal structure, variation of transmittance (ΔT2000nm), Tt and ΔTt for W - doped VO2 films after 550 alternate heating and cooling cycles, while the pure VO2 films show obvious degradation. Since the surface morphology has no obvious changes after 550 cycles, it suggests that the W dopant induced distorted crystal structure strengthen the cycle stability of W - doped VO2 films. These encouraging results show great potential and understanding of VO2 films for practical applications.

Tailor-made nanotube arrays possess great potential for developing high-performance optical and electrochemical energy storage devices. Herein, we report a facile ZnO template-assisted hydrolysis method to fabricate aligned NiO nanotube arrays. The obtained NiO nanotubes are large-area and open-ended tube structures with stacked nanoparticle walls, which can shorten the diffusion distance of ions and increase surface area. As an electrochromic material, the aligned NiO nanotube arrays exhibits excellent electrochromic performances, including a larger transmittance modulation (78.5% at 550 nm), fast switching responses (3.92 s for coloration and 3.43 s for bleaching) and high CE (51.8 cm2 C− 1 at 550 nm). Moreover, the aligned NiO nanotube arrays also depict a high stability and durability after 1000 cycles. It is also expected that this synthetic method can be extended to scale-up production of the aligned NiO nanotube arrays.

A bowl-like polyaniline (PANI) film is synthesized by the combination of electrodeposition and monolayer colloidal crystal template (MCCT). The resulting film exhibits an ordered hexagonal close-packed bowl-like arrangement that is made up of macrobowls with a diameter of 450 nm. The unique bowl-like structure endows PANI film with enhanced electrochromic performances due to its increased accessible intercalation sites originating from larger surface areas and shortened diffusion distances of ions resulting from macroporous structure. It is found that the bowl-like PANI film possesses faster switching responses (1.45 s for coloration and 0.62 s for bleaching), larger optical transmittance modulation (52.1% at 740 nm) and higher coloration efficiency (118.2 cm 2 C −1 ) than the dense PANI film prepared without the MCCT. Moreover, the bowl-like film also exhibits IR electrochromic performances in the wavelength range from 2.5–25 μm, which depicts a reflectance modulation ∼ 36.5% at 10 μm. This work provides a promising strategy for constructing other bowl-like polymer electrochromic films.

In this study, dodecylbenzene sulfonate acid (DBSA) doped-polyaniline (PANI) films were synthesized in situ on Au/porous flexible substrate by electrochemical deposition. The emissivity change (△e) data of PANI films show a reversal from positive to negative as the polymerization charge increases. This trend can be explained by using the Drude free electron theory and the Hagen-Rubens approximation at low frequency due to the pseudo-metallic behavior of conducting polymers. The DBSA doped-PANI film was used as an active layer to fabricate an infrared (IR) electrochromic device. The △e of this IR electrochromic device was measured to be 0.183, 0.388, and 0.315 in the wavelength ranges of 3–5 µm, 8–12 µm, and 2.5–25 µm, respectively. IR thermal images visually obtained from an IR thermal imager suggest that the IR electrochromic device possesses regulating capacity of thermal radiation within the operating waveband of the instrument (7.5–14 µm). The IR electrochromic device developed in this work can be potentially used in IR camouflage for military and thermal control for satellite.

Thermal radiation in the mid-infrared region profoundly affects human lives in various fields, including thermal management, imaging, sensing, camouflage, and thermography. Due to their fixed emissivities, radiance features of conventional materials are usually proportional to the quadruplicate of surface temperature, which set the limit, that one type of material can only present a single thermal function. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to design materials for dynamic thermal radiation regulations to fulfill the demands of the age of intelligent machines. Recently, the ability of some smart materials to dynamically regulate thermal radiation has been evaluated. These materials are found to be competent enough for various commands, thereby, providing better alternatives and tremendously promoting the commercial potentials. In this review, the dynamic regulatory mechanisms and recent progress in the evaluation of these smart materials are summarized, including thermochromic materials, electrochromic materials, mechanically and humidity responsive materials, with the potential applications, insufficient problems, and possible strategies highlighted.

With the development of high-frequency and high-speed flexible circuit boards, there are growing demands for low dielectric constant materials with high mechanical and electric breakdown strength. Herein, a novel sandwich structure is successfully fabricated using fluorinated graphene/polyimide (FG/PI) composite film as a dense outer surface layer and porous PI film as the middle layer. The middle porous layer lead to the ultra low dielectric constant. The presence of FG/PI layers resulted in the increase of mechanical and dielectric breakdown performance compared to that of porous PI. Especially, the three-layer FG/ PI film showed a tensile strength of 65.76 MPa, a tensile modulus of 2.96 GPa, a characteristic breakdown strength of 170.49 kV/mm, a dielectric constant of 1.92, and a dielectric loss of less than 0.003. Therefore, the sandwich structure PI film is a highly prospective candidate as flexible circuit substrates for electronics and microelectronics devices.

Si is one of the most important infrared optical materials. However, the high refraction index of Si in the infrared regions leads to large reflection losses, so increasing the infrared transmittance is of great significance to practical application. HfO2 film is widely investigated due to the high-k gate dielectric properties. And it also has excellent optical properties to be used as anti-reflection film for Si. In this study, doubled-sided HfO2 films (HfO2/Si/HfO2) were fabricated as anti-reflection coating on Si substrate to further enhance the infrared transmittance (99%). And the transmittance peak can be regulated by adjusting the thickness of HfO2 film. Besides, the deposition temperature had been optimized by using XRD, XPS, SEM, AFM, and optical measurements. The results indicate good crystallinity and flat surface for the samples. Furthermore, HfO2 films show surface hydrophobic properties, which can prevent water in the infrared application. These encouraging results show the HfO2 films have excellent application prospective for the infrared optical systems.

Since oxidation and reduction reactions mainly take place on surfaces, enlarging the specific surface of redox materials is the key to achieving excellent electrochemical performance. In this work, by using silica monolayer colloidal crystal templates (MCCTs), a nanostructured Fc(COCH3)2 film is prepared successfully, and such a nanostructure could exhibit the following unique electrochemical properties: the MCCTs could impede the aggregation tendency of Fc(COCH3)2 and possess high electrochemical activity; Fc(COCH3)2 enlarges the contact area and offers more active sites and faster electronic transmission channels. The structure, optical and electrochemical properties of the nanostructured Fc(COCH3)2 were tested and then compared with those of compact Fc(COCH3)2 films to evaluate the role of the nanoarchitecture. The unique structure design of the Fc(COCH3)2 film enables outstanding performance, showing a large transmittance change (ΔT) of 37% at 550 nm when switched between 0.5 V and -2.5 V, which is approximately ninefold higher than that of the compact Fc(COCH3)2 film (approximately 4%). Response times of coloration and bleaching are found to be only 16.15 s and 5.56 s. Furthermore, the nanostructured Fc(COCH3)2 film shows much better cycling stability than the compact one. The results indicate that the nanostructure could significantly improve the electrochemical performance of the Fc(COCH3)2 film due to the increase in electrochemical active sites and the enhancement of the "D-to-A" redox switch of ferrocene.

A method for measuring the mechanical parameters of viscoelastic polymers by nanoindentation technology was proposed and verified. Through the mechanical response of load-displacement curves at different loading rates, then creep compliances and relaxation modulus were fitted. Polyimide thin film was employed in this research and experiments for five different loading rates were conducted. The fitting load-displacement loading curves obtained by the inversion method were identical to the experimental curves at five different loading rates，confirming the validity of the method. Moreover, with the loading rates increased，the fitting curves were more consistent commensurately with the nanoindentation experiment. DMA experiments were tested, and the generalized Kelvin/ Maxwell model were used for fitting experiment data. Results from DMA tests generally agree well with data from nanoindentation method, thereby verifying the feasibility of the method. The Prony series obtained by the two methods were used to simulate the creep experiments, which further verified the method.