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Introduction: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a well-known complex issue in obstetrics that can lead to significant fetal or neonatal complications, both in the short and long term. This ultrasonographic study was undertaken to compare the growth and development of the normal fetus versus IUGR fetus, during the third trimester of pregnancy in Meghalaya, Northeastern India. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, analytical ultrasonographic study done on pregnant women in the third trimester from May 2021 to October 2022 at North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong. Forty-two pregnant women (twenty-one each from normal and IUGR fetuses) were observed from the 28th week of gestation until delivery. Ultrasonographic fetal biometric parameters (FBPs) such as biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference (AC), femur length, and estimated fetal weight were used to study fetal growth and development. The weight and length of the newborn were recorded. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to identify the association between IUGR and FBPs as well as birth weight and length. Results: Among the FBPs, only AC parameter was statistically associated with IUGR status (P < 0.05). Birth weight and birth length were significantly lower in the IUGR group compared to the normal group (P < 0.001 for both). Conclusions: Among the FBPs, AC may be better suited to compare fetal growth and development between normal and IUGR fetuses during the third trimester of pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was planned to compare the effects of gabapentin and isoflavones in menopausal vasomotor symptoms. Materials and Methods: This prospective comparative study was conducted on 100 patients with complaints of hot flashes, divided into two groups of 50 each. Group I received 900 mg of gabapentin and Group II received 60 mg of isoflavones daily for 3 months. The patients were interviewed to calculate hot flash, global and depression scores and were rescored after 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The primary outcome measure was a change in the hot flash score from baseline. The secondary outcome was an improvement in sleep, depression, and lipid profile. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and Student's t-test. Results: Both groups showed significant improvement in hot flash score at the end of 12 weeks (82% Group I, 74% Group II; P = 0.076). Statistically significant difference was seen at 12 weeks in sleep quality in favor of gabapentin (P = 0.011) and in depression in favor of isoflavones (0.026). Isoflavone had significant improvement in cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides profiles after 12 weeks (P < 0.001, 0.009, 0.024 and <0.001, respectively) as compared to gabapentin. Conclusion: Isoflavone and gabapentin are equally effective in the treatment of hot flashes; however, isoflavones have better response in patients who have associated with complaints of depression and gabapentin is better who have associated sleep disturbance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urinary tract infections in pregnancy are common in the form of cystitis and pyelonephritis. Rarely patients may have pyonephrosis. Some of these patients may respond to antibiotic therapy. However those who do not, can be treated by drainage of pus under USG guided percutaneous nephrostomy. Though invasive procedures are generally avoided in pregnancy, however if required, it should be undertaken judiciously or the primary condition may aggravate which may lead to adverse pregnancy outcome. These cases are being presented to highlight that appropriate intervention in the form of percutaneous nephrostomy, is associated with favorable maternal and fetal outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]