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7 results on '"Shulong Duan"'

1. RNA-Sequencing Analysis of Gene-Expression Profiles in the Dorsal Gland of Alligator sinensis at Different Time Points of Embryonic and Neonatal Development

Author

Haitao Nie, Yuqian Zhang, Shulong Duan, Ying Zhang, Yunlu Xu, Jixiang Zhan, Yue Wen, and Xiaobing Wu

Subjects
Alligator sinesis, dorsal gland, high-throughput RNA sequencing, holocrine secretion, skin glands, Science
Abstract

Significant advances have been made in the morphological observations of the dorsal gland (DG), an oval organ/tissue which lies on both sides of the dorsal midline of the crocodilian. In the current study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to identify the changing patterns of Alligator sinesis DGs at different timepoints from the 31st embryonic day (E31) to the newly hatched 1st day (NH1). A comprehensive transcriptional changes of differentially expression gene (DEGs) involved in the melanogenesis, cholesterol metabolism, and cell apoptosis pathways suggested that the DG might serves as a functional secretory gland in formation, transport and deposition of pigment, and lipids secretion via lysosomal exocytosis. Furthermore, the remarkable immunohistochemical staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-positive signals in the basilar cells, in parallel with the immuno-reactive TdT-mediated dUTP nick-End labeling(TUNEL) within suprabasal cells, provided direct molecular evidence supporting for the speculation that DG serves as a holocrine secretion mode. Finally, subsequent phylogenetic and immunohistochemical analysis for the PITX2, the identified DEGs in the RNA-seq, was helpful to further elucidate the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of candidate genes. In conclusion, the current results are of considerable importance in enriching our understanding of the intrinsic relationship between the skin derivatives and lifestyles of newborn Alligator sinesis.

Published
2022
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2. Historical population decline and habitat loss in a critically endangered species, the Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis)

Author

Tao Pan, Huan Wang, Shulong Duan, Izaz Ali, Peng Yan, Ruiqing Cai, Mingsheng Wang, Jihui Zhang, Huabin Zhang, Baowei Zhang, and Xiaobing Wu

Subjects
Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Habitat loss and degradation are among the leading causes of local extinctions, so it is crucially important to preserve and restore the remaining critical habitat increasingly critical to conserve biodiversity. However, mechanisms driving species extinction often begin with habitat loss and seldom are well understood, which is greatly limits our ability to mitigate their impacts. The Chinese Alligator (Alligator sinensis) is a critically endangered crocodilian, which is narrowly distributed in very small six regions of Anhui province, China. In the present study, we used 9 nuclear microsatellite loci genotyped across the taxon's distribution area to investigate genetic variation and population demography in A. sinensis. The Chinese Alligator showed unusually low levels of genetic diversity (Na, 5.44; Ne, 1.97; He, 0.47) based on 793 individuals. Msvar analyses found recent signals of population decline reflecting a bottleneck (an approximately 9-fold decrease) about 25,000 years ago. Ecological niche modelling indicated that the habitat area has declined (about 8–15 fold) for A. sinensis when compared with that under different historical climatic conditions. Our results indicated that population decline and habitat loss in critically endangered Chinese Alligators may have acted as intrinsic and extrinsic factors that have impacted the current status of A. sinensis. In addition, these two unfavorable factors may have also directly contributed to a reduction in the genetic diversity of A. sinensis. Keywords: Alligator sinensis, Genetic diversity, Population demography, Niche reconstruction

Published
2019
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4. Author response for 'Molecular cloning, characterization, and gene expression behavior of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors from the Chinese alligator ( Alligator sinensis )'

Author

Ali Izaz, Tao Pan, Peng Yan, Lin Wang, Huabin Zhang, En Li, Shulong Duan, and Xiaobing Wu

Subjects
biology, medicine.drug_class, Alligator, Chinese alligator, Molecular cloning, biology.organism_classification, Cell biology, Mineralocorticoid, biology.animal, Gene expression, medicine, Receptor, Glucocorticoid, medicine.drug
Published
2020
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5. Molecular cloning, characterization, and gene expression behavior of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors from the Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis)

Author

Huabin Zhang, Peng Yan, Lin Wang, Shulong Duan, En Li, Tao Pan, Xiaobing Wu, and Ali Izaz

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Models, Molecular, DNA, Complementary, Protein Conformation, Alligator, Chinese alligator, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Mineralocorticoid receptor, Glucocorticoid receptor, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, Rapid amplification of cDNA ends, biology.animal, Gene expression, Genetics, Animals, Amino Acid Sequence, RNA, Messenger, Cloning, Molecular, Gene, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Messenger RNA, Alligators and Crocodiles, biology, Base Sequence, biology.organism_classification, Cell biology, MicroRNAs, 030104 developmental biology, Receptors, Mineralocorticoid, Gene Expression Regulation, Molecular Medicine, Animal Science and Zoology, Female, RNA, Long Noncoding, Developmental Biology
Abstract

The Chinese alligator is an endemic crocodilian species in China. We isolated and obtained the glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor genes coding from the kidney of Alligator sinensis by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene has 2343 base pairs encoding 780 amino acids, while the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) gene is 2958 bp in length encoding 985 amino acids. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the distribution of messenger RNA (mRNA) levels. The maximum mRNA expressions were observed in the ovary and kidney, suggesting that these receptors may be involved in basic cellular functions or stress response of alligators. Besides this, RT-qPCR was performed to analyze the abundance of GR and MR mRNA transcripts in early embryonic development of the Chinese alligator in the kidney, liver, and heart. The mRNA levels of GR and MR at earlier stages in kidney, liver, and heart indicates that they might involve in the transcriptional regulation of early embryos and activate many precise developmental effects in fetal tissues. We also measured the protein expression in the liver embryonic developmental stages and found that the GR and MR proteins were restricted to both the nuclei and cytoplasm. The protein expression levels in the liver at different embryonic developmental stages have extremely prominent differences. Taken together, our results showed the full coding regions of GR and MR, their characteristics, and embryonic developmental mRNA and protein expressions of both genes in A. sinensis. This study could provide the necessary information for further investigating the diverse functions of GR and MR in A. sinensis.

Published
2019

6. Cloning, characterisation and expression profile of kisspeptin1 and the kisspeptin1 receptor in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis of Chinese alligator Alligator sinensis during the reproductive cycle

Author

Shulong Duan, Peng Yan, Renping Wang, Yongkang Zhou, Ruidong Zhang, Xiaobing Wu, Ali Izaz, and Haitao Nie

Subjects
Pituitary gland, China, DNA, Complementary, Alligator, Hypothalamus, Gene Expression, Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, Reproductive technology, Biology, Chinese alligator, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Complementary DNA, biology.animal, Gene expression, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Amino Acid Sequence, RNA, Messenger, Cloning, Molecular, Molecular Biology, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Alligators and Crocodiles, Kisspeptins, Base Sequence, Reproduction, Ovary, biology.organism_classification, Cell biology, Open reading frame, medicine.anatomical_structure, Reproductive Medicine, Pituitary Gland, Animal Science and Zoology, Female, Sequence Alignment, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Developmental Biology, Biotechnology, Receptors, Kisspeptin-1
Abstract

Kisspeptin1 (Kiss1), a product of the Kiss1 gene, plays an important role in the regulation of reproduction in vertebrates by activating the Kiss1 receptor (Kiss1R) and its coexpression with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in GnRH neurons. The purpose of this study was to clone the Kiss1 and Kiss1R genes found in the brain of Alligator sinensis and to explore their relationship with reproduction. The full-length cDNA of Kiss1 is 816bp, the open reading frame (ORF) is 417bp and the gene encodes a 138-amino acid precursor protein. The full-length cDNA of Kiss1R is 2348bp, the ORF is 1086bp and the gene encodes a 361-amino acid protein. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that, except for Kiss1R expression in the hypothalamus, the expression of Kiss1 and Kiss1Rduring the reproductive period of A. sinensis was higher than that in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and ovary during the hibernation period. The changes in GnRH2 mRNA in the hypothalamus were similar to those of GnRH1 and peaked during the reproductive period. This study confirms the existence of Kiss1 and Kiss1R in A. sinensis and the findings strongly suggest that Kiss1 and Kiss1R may participate in the regulation of GnRH secretion in the hypothalamus of alligators during the reproductive period. Furthermore, this is the first report of the full-length cDNA sequences of Kiss1 and Kiss1R in reptiles.

Published
2019

7. Molecular cloning, characterization, mRNA expression changes and nucleocytoplasmic shuttling during kidney embryonic development of SOX9 in Alligator sinensis

Author

Ruiqing Cai, Renjie Duan, Ali Izaz, Xiaobing Wu, Jue Zhou, Shulong Duan, Tiechen Li, Ying Zhang, Hui Wang, Lin Wang, Fengnan Liu, and Yang Lv

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, endocrine system, animal structures, Somatic cell, Organogenesis, Alligator, Active Transport, Cell Nucleus, Molecular cloning, Kidney, RNA Transport, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, stomatognathic system, biology.animal, Complementary DNA, Genetics, medicine, Animals, RNA, Messenger, Cloning, Molecular, Cell Nucleus, Alligators and Crocodiles, Messenger RNA, biology, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, SOX9 Transcription Factor, General Medicine, musculoskeletal system, Cell biology, Open reading frame, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, embryonic structures, Developmental biology
Abstract

SOX9 plays a crucial, extensive and conservative role in the process of somatic tissue development and adult regeneration through the positive self-regulation mediated by SOM across all vertebrates. In this study, we have cloned SOX9 from the kidney of hatchling Alligator sinensis. The full-length of SOX9 cDNA is 3878 bp with an open reading frame encoding 494 amino acids. Amino acid alignment analyses indicated that the SOX9 exhibit highly conserved functional domains. Using the droplet digital PCR, the mRNA abundances of SOX9 during nephrogenesis in A. sinensis showed prominent changes in the embryonic development, suggesting that SOX9 might combines a vital role in the regulation of complex renal development. Interestingly, we detected the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of SOX9 protein using immunofluorescence, implying that nucleocytoplasmic shuttling is critical to the regulation of SOX9 in the renal embryonic development. Collectively, these data provide an important foundation for further studies on renal developmental biology and molecular biology of non-mammalian SOX9. Furthermore, it provides new insights into the phenomenon of SOX9 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling in Alligator sinensis, which is probably of great significance to the development of kidney metanephros embryo.

Published
2020
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