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The paper reports the results of the investigation of the influence of small quantities of impurities (nitrogen, ethane, propane, carbon dioxide, and a small number of higher hydrocarbons) on the thermophysical properties of liquified natural gas (LNG). For the first time the two-phase diagrams, critical temperature, pressure, and non-monotone behavior of thermodynamic properties around critical point were calculated, systematically described, and analyzed for selected LNG mixtures (CH4/N2/C2H6/C3H8) with impurities content not higher than 5%. It was shown that qualitative and quantitative composition of impurities impact the thermodynamic properties differently and can change Tcr and Pcr significantly. Areas of retrograde condensation have been identified for mixtures with a C3H8 concentration greater than 2%. The Widom Area (WA) was introduced to characterize a supercritical region with not negligible non-monotonous variations of thermophysical properties. The calculated WAs for mixtures can be larger or smaller for different thermophysical properties relative to purer methane. The obtained results can be useful for rocket engine design in simulations of trans-critical and supercritical reacting flows, mixing, evaporation, combustion, flame stability, thermo-acoustic instabilities, and heat transfer at typical operating conditions. It is also essential for the design of the cooling system of a rocket engine.

The article focuses on the historical issue surrounding the 1580s plans to transfer the Ecumenical Patriarch Jeremiah II Tranos’ seat to the Rus regions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Due to the changes in the structure of the Constantinople Patriarchate and the fact that the Rus lands were becoming increasingly dependent on the Moscow, Lithuanian and Polish principalities, such a plan allowed for a new context of relations between the Kyiv Metropolitanate and the Constantinople Patriarchate. The unification of the Eastern and Western Churches in the 15th century enabled popes to actively participate in the Kyiv Church’s life. At the end of the 16th century, the functioning of church institutions varied throughout the Christian world. The Roman Catholic and Protestant Churches were planning a missionary invasion of the East, while the Patriarchate of Constantinople and the Kyiv Metropolitanate were becoming increasingly consumed by the institutional crises. The shared aspirations of the Greek Orthodox and Kyiv Churches in the revival of Byzantine Church ecclesiastical, cultural, and political traditions strengthened the institutional ties between the Kyiv Metropolitanate and the Patriarchate of Constantinople. They were defined at the end of the 16th century by the calendar reform and the prospect of establishing a patriarchate in the East Slavic lands, namely in the settlement of the Orthodox Prince Kostiantyn Vasyl Ostrozkyi. The claims of the Ruthenian-Ukrainians to a patriarchate in the Rus lands boosted the formation of the Moscow Patriarchate (1589).

The article describes the facts and examines the Polish-Lithuanian territo¬rial dispute of 1919-1920, which occurred during the time of the formation of independent states in Central and Eastern Europe following World War I. The parade of the newly pro¬claimed states of the Czechoslovak Republic, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Western Ukrainian People's Republic, each of which had territorial claims against its neighbours, created a precedent for a series of frontier military actions. Hungar¬ian-Czechoslovak, Polish-German, Polish-Czechoslovak, Polish-Lithuanian, and Polish-Ukrainian territorial conflicts persisted until 1923, following the signing of the Armistice in 1918. The issue of a territorial dispute between the Second Polish Republic and the Republic of Lithuania over the city of Wilno (Vilnius) and the Vilnius area is explored through the per¬spective of those historical events. Military actions, including a Polish-inspired "insurrec¬tion," continued as a result of a reluctance to follow political agreements and ignore demar¬cation lines. The goal was to construct a federal state that would act as a deterrent to Russian imperial ambitions in Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, and Ukraine. Lithuania, on the other hand, was rather cautious of the idea of forming a state made up of the lands of "Poland-Lithuania-Belarus-Ukraine," even if the borders favoured the Second Polish Republic. Anticipating the dangers of assimilation and the refusal to accept Lithuania without Vilnius, the Lithuanian government seemed uncompromising in its dealings with Poles yet cordial with Russians. As a result, the Polish federalist project failed.

In this study, Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) of a turbulent diffusion flame are conducted to investigate the performance of the Eddy Dissipation Concept in turbulent combustion for space propulsion applications. A 20-bar methane-oxygen diffusion flame is simulated to resemble the conditions encountered in modern rocket combustors. The numerical simulations were conducted using the software EBI-DNS within the OpenFOAM framework. An approach for analysis and validation of the combustion model with DNS is developed. The EDC model presents a good agreement with DNS observations in the most prevalent species. Nevertheless, the EDC struggles to predict the mean chemical production rate of intermediate species. It is found that local adaption of the model constants is essential for maximizing the prediction capabilities. The relationship of these parameters with the Reynolds number and the Damköhler number are mostly in good agreement with the trends proposed in recent research .

The article analyzes the polemical socio-religious thought in Ukraine after the Union of Brest and the Union of the Kyiv Metropolitanate with Rome, aimed at finding the lost Orthodox tradition and reviving the idea of “God’s protection” of the city of Kyiv in the Rus Orthodox intellectual tradition of the early 17th century. After-union period in Ukrainian realities is characterized as crisis in the sense of decline of religious life, Rus bourgeoisie and fraternal movement and deviation from the policy of support of the Orthodox princely families. The entire plan of church reform, cultural and national revival of the “Commonwealth of the Rus People” was undermined in its foundations. Therefore, the intellectual religious thought of the early 17th century took into account the memory of the “good old days”, when national (regional) identity based on the Orthodox tradition was searched. However, from the point of view of the continued existence of the Orthodox Church, the defeat was only partial, as Konstiantyn Ostrozkyi and his supporters among the nobility, clergy and burghers managed to preserve the Orthodox church structure. The Cossacks demanded a rethinking of this new reality by intellectuals of the post-Brest era and Ukrainian polemicists were forced to look for an independent base for their socio-religious thought. Completely accepting neither the specific Byzantine coverage of the principles of religious-ecclesiastical ethos, nor Catholic, nor Moscow with its self-confident dogmatism and limited polemics with other confessional world, Rus intellectuals had to delve into the very foundations of a particular ideology and reconsider its value from a domestic and ecclesiastical-legal point of view. There were no winners or losers in this verbal duel. The way out of the crisis was understood by Petro Mohyla, who was ready to recognize the primacy of the Pope in order to preserve the internal independence of the Church.

The article analyzes the polemical socio-religious thought in Ukraine after the Union of Brest and the Union of the Kyiv Metropolitanate with Rome, aimed at finding the lost Orthodox tradition and reviving the idea of “God’s protection” of the city of Kyiv in the Russian Orthodox intellectual tradition of the early 17th century. After-union period in Ukrainian realities is characterized as crisis in the sense of decline of religious life, Russian bourgeoisie and fraternal movement and deviation from the policy of support of the Orthodox princely families. The entire plan of church reform, cultural and national revival of the “Commonwealth of the Russian People” was undermined in its foundations. Therefore, the intellectual religious thought of the early 17th century took into account the memory of the “good old days”, when national (regional) identity based on the Orthodox tradition was searched. However, from the point of view of the continued existence of the Orthodox Church, the defeat was only partial, as K. Ostrozkyi and his supporters among the nobility, clergy and burghers managed to preserve the Orthodox Church structure. The Cossacks demanded a rethinking of this new reality by intellectuals of the post-Brest era and Ukrainian polemicists were forced to look for an independent base for their socio-religious thought. The way out of the crisis was understood by Petro Mohyla, who was ready to recognize the primacy of the Pope in order to preserve the internal independence of the Church.

The article deals with the interaction of fluid flow in the «blood capillary - tissue - lymphatic capillary» system. On the one hand, the mutual influence of the components involved in the system is an important basis for maintaining homeostasis from the point of view of physiologically occurring processes, and changes in their structural and functional properties can be a triggering factor for impaired fluid balance, the appearance and development of a number of pathological processes, syndromes and diseases. The paper presents a mathematical model of metabolic processes that occur at the microcirculatory level and include the following interrelated processes: blood flow in the capillaries, fluid movement in the interstitium, metabolism between interstitial fluid and tissue cells, drainage into lymphatic capillaries. An approach is used to take into account the mutual influence of blood flow in the blood capillary and interstitial fluid in the tissue. The analysis of the solution results is carried out, the effect of various microcirculation parameters on the intensity of metabolic processes is investigated, and the most significant parameters are identified.

The article is devoted to the phenomena of secularization in contemporary European and Ukrainian culture. The author considers about a notion “modern world” and its valuable content. Such criteria of secularization as public institutions, relevant practice and public space are recognized in the article. The author provides the evidence in favor of modern world secularity on faith problems in society. The author states that condition of spiritual experience and spiritual search can confirm or deny secularity of the modern world. The “place of fulness” location on which “the person is oriented morally or spiritually” as a criterion of faith and disbelief is determined in the article. It is concluded that postmodern period is the time of “multiple modernities” which does not deny religion but creates new conditions of faith.

In the article the Ukrainian post union social and religious opinion is focused on defense of the Orthodox faith from the pressure of Western confessions. It is emphasized on the development of Ukrainian polemicist ideas, relied on the principles of the Eastern Church, ideas that had no analogues in specific-Byzantine, neither Catholic nor a Moscow tradition. It is analyzed the articles of such authors as: S. Orihovski, V. Zagorovski, V. Tiapynski, s. Klenovych, I.Vyshynski, H. Smotrytski, S.Pekalida, Z. Kopystenski, M.Smotrytski, S. Kososov, P. Mogola.

Arc welding of joints of carbon steels 20–100 mm thick can be performed both by consumable and nonconsumable electrode, using shielding gases or flux. In order to increase the efficiency of welding operations, multilayer narrow-gap welding (NGW) with filler wire feeding can be used for metals of medium and large thicknesses. This study deals with application of tungsten electrode NGW process with and without superposition of a controlling magnetic field for welding samples from steel 20 of 40 mm thickness. results of investigations of the macro- and microstructure and microhardness of the welded joints are given. It was found that application of an external controlling magnetic field for NGW of steel 20 joints ensures a higher quality of the welded joints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the social media analysis, as an important tool of the mass media in the youth non-governmental organizations activity. The article is about special popularity of social media among youth because of the rapid information technologies development. The author emphasizes that social media is a main online channel of communication among young generation, that should be taken into the consideration during the external communication creation. Youth organizations often use social media for target audience involvement, information dissimilation and exchange, service promotion and online dialogue. The author analyses different social media tools, such as: blogs, microblogs (Twitter), social networking sites (Facebook, VKontakte), video-sharing websites (YouTube) and others. All these tools are easy in use, do not need any special skills and resources, they are low-cost as well. The author considers that it would be useful to include the organization’s Internet addresses on all social media websites and in traditional media publications, to make it as easy as possible for customers to find the youth non-governmental organizations they are looking for among the broad range of social media communities and services.

The problems of strategy formation of the Polish government, which was in emigration, during the Second World War in the period of the eastern front approaching to the Polish borders, are found out in the article. The author confirms that the success of the Red Army made London government to rise a question about the Polish eastern border and legitimacy of London government on the liberated territories. Both questions did not have the solution in the way of traditional Polish policy. Joseph Stalin expected concession in the issue of the eastern border instead of loyalty to the London government. But Polish government did not accept accomplished facts. The ambassadors Stanislav Kot, later Tadeush Romer negotiated and insisted on returning of the western Ukrainian and Byelorussian lands. They proposed military cooperation with the Polish Home Army, which supposed to be strong enough for diversionary acts. After the battle of Stalingrad victory and that resonance, which it had made in the world, Stalin refused from such cooperation, he thought that Poland was too weak partner. Stalin continued the escalation of the relations, he consciously stopped all diplomatic relations, flatly refused to continue discussion about borders and changed the way of discussion about the legitimacy of the authentic authority in Poland.