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Biomass is a promising resource for the production of renewable energy, liquid fuels, and chemicals. Microwave pyrolysis is one of the directions of multifunctional conversion of raw materials. In the present work, the effect of microwave power on the characteristics of sawdust pyrolysis is studied. With an increase in power, the maximum yield of combustible gases increased, and a large proportion of the total pyrolysis time included the useful time for the release of gases. An increase in power affected the yield of individual gases non-linearly and on a different scale. The average yield of CO and CO2 remained practically unchanged when the microwave power was increased from 840 to 1760 W. However, with a further increase in power to 2200 W, there was a significant increase in the average yield of CO and CO2 (2.5 and 1.4 times, respectively). An increase in power by 2.6 times contributed to an increase in the average yield of CH4 by 5 times and H2 by 3.8 times. The increased power of microwaves contributed to the degassing of wood and intensification of secondary pyrolysis reactions, which resulted in a decrease in the mass of the solid residue by 5.3 times and a decrease in the liquid product yield by 2.7 times. A comprehensive analysis using MCDA showed that an increase in energy costs with an increase in microwave power is integrally compensated by an improvement in pyrolysis performance. So, when the power was varied from 840 W to 2200 W, the pyrolysis efficiency indicator increased by 1.3–2.2 times, considering the growth in energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]