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The present study reports the synthesis of multifunctional silver nanoparticles using citral–tryptamine (CT@AgNPs). In this approach, synthesis of citral–tryptamine-based Schiff base (CT) was characterized using various spectral studies such as NMR, FT-IR, and LCMS. The various biological properties were investigated using ADME, Bioactive, and molecular docking analysis of CT compound. Interaction and binding affinities toward protein IDs 6SJA and 3DAQ were significant. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by reduction method using CT compound and confirmed by XRD, EDX, SEM, and DLS analysis. Herein, CT@AgNPs have an average diameter of 52 nm. The silver nanoparticle exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); the MIC value is 15 ± 0.50 µg/mL. These nanoparticles showed remarkable toxic effect against SiHa cervical cancer cell line, and obtained IC50 value is 100 µg/mL. Additionally, we propound the rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective electrochemical approach for detection of nitrite with linear dynamic range of 0.4 to 4.0 mM with a lower detection limit of 0.4 mM. These results advocate promising antibacterial and anticancer properties of CT@AgNPs for futuristic therapeutics and sensor application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical cancer remains a significant health challenge for women worldwide, with a disproportionate impact on developing regions like sub-Saharan Africa. Taking advantage of recent advancements in developing suitable preclinical models to study cell proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression, we used RNA sequencing to compare the transcriptomic profiles of SiHa cervical cancer cells grown in 3D versus 2D culture systems. Pathway analysis of 3D cultures revealed upregulation of immune activation, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling pathways. The high expression of cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and immediate early genes, suggests that 3D cultures replicate the tumor microenvironment better than 2D monolayer cultures. HPV gene expression analysis further demonstrated higher expression levels of HPV16 E1, E2, E6, and E7 genes in 3D versus 2D cultures. Further, by using a set of linear models, we identified 79 significantly differentially expressed genes in 3D culture compared to 2D culture conditions, independent of HPV16 viral gene effects. We subsequently validated five of these genes at the protein level in both the SiHa cell line and a newly developed, patient-derived cervical cancer cell line. In addition, correlation analysis identified 26 human genes positively correlated with viral genes across 2D and 3D culture conditions. The top five 3D versus 2D differentially expressed and HPV-correlated genes were validated via qRT-PCR in our patient derived cell line. Altogether, these findings suggest that 3D cultures provide superior model systems to explore mechanisms of immune evasion, cancer progression and antiviral therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical cancer remains a significant health challenge for women worldwide, with a disproportionate impact on developing regions like sub-Saharan Africa. Taking advantage of recent advancements in developing suitable preclinical models to study cell proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression, we used RNA sequencing to compare the transcriptomic profiles of SiHa cervical cancer cells grown in 3D versus 2D culture systems. Pathway analysis of 3D cultures revealed upregulation of immune activation, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling pathways. The high expression of cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and immediate early genes, suggests that 3D cultures replicate the tumor microenvironment better than 2D monolayer cultures. HPV gene expression analysis further demonstrated higher expression levels of HPV16 E1, E2, E6, and E7 genes in 3D versus 2D cultures. Further, by using a set of linear models, we identified 79 significantly differentially expressed genes in 3D culture compared to 2D culture conditions, independent of HPV16 viral gene effects. We subsequently validated five of these genes at the protein level in both the SiHa cell line and a newly developed, patient-derived cervical cancer cell line. In addition, correlation analysis identified 26 human genes positively correlated with viral genes across 2D and 3D culture conditions. The top five 3D versus 2D differentially expressed and HPV-correlated genes were validated via qRT-PCR in our patient derived cell line. Altogether, these findings suggest that 3D cultures provide superior model systems to explore mechanisms of immune evasion, cancer progression and antiviral therapeutics.

Cervical cancer is the most prevalent reproductive malignancy that affects the female reproductive system. A myriad of anti-cancer compounds has been used for its treatment, but the increasing mortality rates are still devastating. Currently, organic metal complexes are gaining popularity due to their anti-cancer attributes. Therefore, the current work was designed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of non-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (N-MWCNT) and functionalized MWCNTs (F-MWCNT) against cervical cancer. Initially, N-MWCNTs and F-MWCNTs were structurally characterized by various parameters, including FTIR, XRD, TEM, SEM, AFM, and EDAX. Our comparative study revealed that F-MWCNTs have a larger surface area and the presence of OH and COOH as functional groups, which are uniformly distributed in the tubular and crystalline structure. Furthermore, the MTT assay revealed IC50 values of 47.70 µg/ml and 61.94 µg/ml of N- MWCNTs and F-MWCNT, respectively; in that relation, our immunoblot results show upregulation of BAX and downregulation of BCL-2 in either of the cases, with N-MWCNT having 2.92 and 0.45 folds in comparison to 2.68 and 0.41 folds of F-MWCNT. Our results revealed that both materials inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Still, the effect of N-MWCNTs was more prominent as compared to F-MWCNTs. The overall conclusions of this study indicated that doses of F-MWCNTs could be explored for the safe drug delivery vehicle used as an effective biocompatible nanoformulation agent and this will open a new door for cervical cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3-Dimensional (3D) cultures of cancer cell lines exhibit unique morphologies, a feature that can be utilized for understanding several aspects of solid tumors. This study aims to investigate the morphology and morphometrics of agarose hydrogel-induced 3D aggregates of SiHa cell line. Floating 3D aggregates of SiHa cells were obtained using liquid overlay technique on 1 % agarose hydrogel. The aggregates were monitored daily for its progressive growth and morphology, and documented. The morphometric analysis of the multicellular 3D spheroids were performed on cultures in the late exponential/log phase (the 93rd hour in culture). The morphology exhibited by the 3D aggregates at this stage was "grape-like". Three morphometric parameters viz. average area, average number, and average roundness of aggregates, were determined and was found that the compactness of the aggregates was the maximum on Day 5 post-seeding. Additionally, the aggregates exhibited multi-acinar structures and extracellular matrix, characteristic of tumour progression. Establishing the morphological parameters of SiHa is an approach to better understand the characteristics of 3D aggregates. Such analysis has a direct bearing on translational benefits towards solid tumour research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cost-effective mass production of pristine graphene nanosheet is still an important challenge to harness its maximum potential in medical sciences. Here, we have used a binary solvent mixture of low dielectric constant (1,2,4- trichlorobenzene,ε = 2.24 and benzylamine,ε = 4.6) to produce a high quantity (0.6 mg/ml) of graphene under ultrasonication without compromising its quality. Obtained sample were characterized through XRD, UV-Vis, Raman, FT-IR, TEM-SAED, and cytopotency was evaluated on SiHa cell line. IG/I2D < 1.0 (~0.39) was achieved on more than 250 μm² area, indicating the uniformity and obtained ID/IG ratio was 1.21. No toxicity was found in the case of 24 hr on the SiHa cell line. EC50 computation was 84.90 μg /ml for 48 hr and 62.03 μg /ml for 72 hr. Exfoliated graphene remained stable in binary solvent even after 1 year. The proposed experiment and obtained data can be powerful tools to explore the synergic effect of binary solvent exfoliation in combination to establish graphene as a biomaterial for neuronal network, tissue engineering, drug delivery, and regenerative medicines, to name a few. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Mexico, Solanum rostratum has been employed for the treatment of several diseases, including uterine cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic activities of S. rostratum Dunal extracts on the breast and uterine cancer cell lines, MDA and SiHa, respectively. The methanolic, ethyl acetate, and hexane extracts of the aerial parts of S. rostratum were tested for phenol concentration, antioxidant activity, and anti-carcinogenic effects. The leaves extracts showed the highest content of phenols; however, the flower-fruits extracts showed higher scavenging activity. On the other hand, ethyl acetate extracts exhibited the highest anti-carcinogenic effects on these cells, while methanolic extracts showed the least effects. The results of this work indicate that S. rostratum is a promising source of antioxidants, and the extracts exert dose-dependent anti-carcinogenic effects on both cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical cancer poses a major threat to women's health worldwide, constituting the fourth most prevalent cancer among the female population. High-risk variants of human papillomavirus (HPV) with its oncogenic proteins are a necessary cause of cervical cancer. Due to the resistance of cancer cells to the current treatment, there is a need for new medicines with new strategies to treat cervical cancer. Gmelina asiatica Linn. is a medicinal plant with various traditional uses and biological activities. Its anticancer potential against breast cancer and lymphoma has been demonstrated in the literature. In view of this, our study aims to investigate the anticancer activity of Gmelina asiatica leaves against cervical cancer. Various extracts of Gmelina asiatica leaves were prepared by soxhletation and maceration methods. The cytotoxic activity of the extracts was evaluated through in-vitro studies against SiHa cell line using MTT assay and fluorescence imaging. The most potent extract (GAME) phytochemical profile was analysed by UHPLC-HRMS. Further, in-silico studies were performed on its phytoconstituents against E6 oncoprotein, and the DFT studies were conducted on the active component to assess the physicochemical properties. In-vitro studies revealed that methanolic extract (GAME) showed the highest inhibition on the SiHa cell line compared to the other extracts and the control ( p  < 0.0001). In-silico studies indicated high affinity with stable interaction of the compound 5 (JC5ABDR) at E6 binding sites. This study revealed the importance of Gmelina asiatica plant as a potential source of anticancer molecules with a specific mode of action against cervical cancer.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Introduction and hypothesis: To clarify whether the pulse electrical field (PEF) caused by transcutaneous low-frequency nerve electrical stimulation (TENS) enhances the proliferation of cervical cancer cells, leading to recurrence and metastasis, and the effect of such a PEF on a cervical cancer mouse model.Methods: 1. In vitro experiment: SiHa cervical cancer cells treated with one session of microsecond PEFs for 30 min were divided into four groups: three experimental groups and the control group. Cell proliferation and migration were determined by CCK-8 proliferation and Transwell chamber Matrigel migration assay. 2. In vivo experiment: A mouse cancer model was established by subcutaneous implantation of SiHa cells that were then were randomly divided into the TENS group and control group. The former group received one session of TENS treatment and the control group received a sham pulse. The growth trend and tumor volume of each group were compared 28 days after PEF treatment. The proliferation and apoptosis of the tumor were determined by an immunohistochemical method.Results: (1) The CCK-8 proliferation assay and cell migration ability showed no difference after PEF stimulation treatment (F = 2.478, P = 0.136 > 0.05 and F = 0.364, P = 0.779). (2) Tumor growth, size and weight showed no significant difference between the two groups. (3) Expression of VEGF, CD34, caspase-3 and Ki-67 in the tumor tissue showed no significant difference between the two groups.Conclusions: In vitro and in vivo experiments (mice) showed that the PEF created by TENS had no effect on the proliferation and migration of SiHa cervical cancer cells and also had no effect on the tumor growth, tumor cell apoptosis and proliferation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]