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Fibroma of tendon sheath was first described by Geschickter and Copeland in 1949 (1), but was not formally documented as a clinicopathologic entity until Chung and Enzinger's superb series of 138 cases was published in 1979 (2). These lesions not infrequently present to the dermatologist as small subcutaneous nodules. This tumor has received little attention in the dermatological literature anti as dermatologists play an increasingly important role in the surgical management of cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors the entity deserves wider recognition. The importance of suggesting the diagnosis clinically is that although most are histologically bland ant obviously benign, more cellular lesions may he misinterpreted as malignant. The differential diagnosis is briefly discussed.

A 41 year male pain less swelling over the dorsum of hand since 4-years, excised 1yr back and recurred to present, Measuring 2.5 cms x3.5 cm. On the basis of clinical and histopathological finding he is diagnosed with Giant Cell Tumor of tendon sheath.

Background: The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the functional results of surgical stabilization of clavicule fractures by Locking Compression Plate in adults, decided on specific selection criteria.Materials and Methods: Twenty patients with clavicule fractures) were recruited in the study between Nov 2013 and Dec 2015 at our, Alluri Sitarama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences, Malkapuram, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Background: Current study was done to know various clinical aspects of membranous patch over the tonsil.Methods: Data for the study were collected from patients who presented with membranous patch over the tonsil in the department of ENT at GIMS, Kalaburagi from January 2019 to December 2019. This is a prospective case study. 225 patients were included in the study. Once patient was presented to us detailed history, examination and necessary investigations were done.Results: The present study included 225 patients out of which out of which females were 132 (59%) and males were 93 (41%). The predominant clinical features were sore throat (225 cases), fever (212 cases), dysphagia (90 cases) and bull neck (45 cases). The most common cause of membranous patch over tonsil was found to be diphtheria (68%) followed by streptococcal tonsillitis (30%) and others (2%). In our study microbiological investigations like Albert stain was positive in 153 cases and culture was positive in 140 cases.Conclusions: It was observed in our study that diphtheria constitutes the majority (68%) and the incidence of adult is almost on par with paediatric age group. Despite of UIP we have seen increased incidence in the adult age group. Hence it requires the health agencies and the Government to increase immunization coverage, as India has witnessed the highest number of cases in the world for the year 2015. As evident from the shift in age groups being infected, adult booster dose has to be introduced at 10 years interval.

Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath is the second most common tumor of the hand often referred to as xanthoma. Histologically these tumors are composed of multinucleated giant cells, polyhedral histiocytes, fibrosis and hemosiderin deposits. Marginal excision of giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath is the treatment of choice. We present a case of xanthoma of flexor pollicis longus tendon presented as a single enlarging mass in volar aspect of left thumb. After clinical diagnosis, work-up is done with ultrasound, FNAC and excision biopsy.

Giant cell tumour (GCT) or osteoclastoma is a very rare locally invasive bone tumour that occurs close to the joint. The ulnar metaphysis is an unusual site for an Osteoclastoma with occurrence rate of 0.45% to 3.2% as reported in literature [1]. Most of the patients seek traditional methods of treatment before orthopaedic consultation and present lately with extensive involvement of the tumour into soft tissues and articular surface, making the joint preservation difficult or impossible. For reconstruction, several options have been described, which include fibular autografts, allografts and cement augmentation. Inherent to all these procedures is the risk of delayed union of the graft and preserving functional mobility of the joint. We report a rare case of a proximal ulna GCT diagnosed in a 13-year-old girl. It was treated with intralesional curettage, and autologous maternal iliac crest bone grafting augmented with bone cement reconstruction.

The pseudarthrosis usually develops during the first two years of life; however, there are reports of cases in which fractures developed before birth and reports of late-onset pseudarthrosis3. There is a strong association between Congenital pseudoarthrosis and Type I neurofibromatosis4. CPT develops in about 5.7% of patients with NF-I and 40% of patients with pseudoarthrosis were found to have NF-I4,5. Main pathology is hyperplasia of fibroblasts with the formation of dense fibrous tissue at fracture site causing osteolysis, and persistence of pseudarthrosis5. The difficulty in treating this condition occurs because of two factors. 1) Biologic: poor healing ability of the dysplastic segment of bone and 2) Mechanical: technical difficulty to fix small and osteopenic bone fragments in children without damaging the distal physis. A multitude of treatment protocols focusing on stimulating the healing process by using different bone grafting techniques were documented6. The graft materials most commonly used included osteoperiosteal graft, massive onlay graft, autogenous iliac crest bone graft, and vascularised bone graft.

Background: A great deal of work has been directed toward using these symptoms to classify the severity of head injury. Loss of consciousness or coma and posttraumatic amnesia (difficulty in remembering new information after waking up from the coma) are the two most common symptoms used. A mild head injury is one in which the period of unconsciousness is less than twenty minutes and post traumatic amnesia lasts for less than one hour, while a head injury in which the person is unconscious for at least one day and experiences post traumatic amnesia for more than twenty four hours is considered severe. Methods: 50 Cases coming to O.P.D and casualty of Chigateri general hospital and Bapuji hospital attached to JJM Medical College, Davangere were studied. Results: Evidence of C.S.F rhinorrhoea was noticed in 1(2%) case which managed conservatively. Maxillary fracture was noticed in 05 (10%) cases which were managed conservatively. Zygomatic fractures were noticed in 07 (14%) cases which were managed by open reduction and internal fixation with mini plates under general anesthesia. Conclusions: Mandibular fractures were noticed in 10 (20%) of cases which were managed by open reduction and internal fixation with mini plates under general anesthesia.

Background: This study was done to study different types of trauma to the ear that occur in head and neck injury and methods which help in early diagnosis of such trauma to the ear. Methods: Data for the study were collected from patients who presented with ear, nose and throat manifestations in head and neck injury in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at J. J. M. Medical College and Hospital, Davangere between November 2012 to October 2014. This is a prospective case study. 50 patients were included in the study. Once patient was presented to us detailed history and examination was done. Investigations were done wherever necessary. Results: The incidence of head injuries is increasing in vehicular accidents (58%) due to increased use of vehicles, improper traffic control systems and increase in population. Males outnumbered the females. Males constituted 84%. Majority of the patients come under the age group of 21-40 constituting 60%. In the 50 cases, ear manifestations were seen in 22% patients. Conclusions: Microscopic examination and microsurgical techniques in the field of ENT have revolutionized the treatment methods of sequelae following head injury.

The present investigation was undertaken to study association between different characters, the direct and indirect contribution of the component characters on the yield, genetic advance, heritability for various characters and to assess the extent of variability through genetic divergence in 40 genotypes (38 inbreds and 2 hybrids) of maize. The treatment differences were statistically significant for all the characters and also the magnitude of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation indicated the presence of good amount of variability. Grain yield per plant showed the highest heritability (98.00%) followed by plant height, number of kernels per row and 100 grain weight. Grain yield per plant exhibited highest genetic advance which was followed by plant height and ear head height. The grain yield per plant showed highly significant positive correlation with ear circumference, number of kernels per row, ear length and plant height. Path analysis studies revealed that days to maturity, plant height, ear length, numbers of kernel row per cob and 100 grain weight exhibited high direct effects on grain yield indicating true and perfect relationship between them. This also suggests that direct selection for these traits will help in improvement of grain yield in maize.

A 45 year old male patient presented with history of painless swelling on the right dorsum of ring finger palm since 4 years. Physical examination revealed irregular firm mass on the volar aspect of the left thumb measuring 13x6 cm, extending from base of the proximal phalynx to thenar crease. Movements of right ring and little finger at MCP joint were restricted. X-ray of the hand showed a dense soft tissue mass with calcification (Fig. 1). There was no periosteal reaction nor any erosionof the cortical bone. Marginal excision of the tumor was done under regional anaesthesia and was sent for histopathological examination.