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WOS: 000499103400003, Non-polar and polar compounds were isolated from the leaves and chemical composition of the essential oil from aerial parts of Sideritis cypria endemic in Northern Cyprus was also determined. the structures of all the isolated compounds were elucidated by means of spectroscopic (UV, NMR: 1D and 2D-NMR: H-1, C-13, COSY, HSQC, HMBC) methods and comparison with literature data. the essential oil composition of the plant material was analysed by GC-FID and GC-MS, simultaneously. To the best of our knowledge, secondary metabolites of this endemic species were determined for the first time. As a result, two mixtures of four entkaurane diterpenes; sidol (1) and isosidol (2), linearol (3) and isolinearol (4); four phenylethanoid glycosides; verbascoside (5), lavandulifolioside (6), leonoside A (7), leucoseptoside A (8); four flavone glycosides, apigenin-7 -O-glucopyrano side (9), isoscutellarein-7 -O[6'''-O-acetyl-allopyrano syl -(1 -> 2)-glucopyrano side] (10) and a mixture of apigenin-7-O-(4 ''-O-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside (11) and apigenin-7-O-(3 ''-O-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside (12) were elucidated. 7-O-acetyl-8-epi-loganic acid (13), an iridoid glycoside, was reported herein for the first time for genus Sideritis. in addition, major compounds of the essential oil were determined as alpha-pinene (14.73 +/- 0.15%), beta-pinene (16.60 +/- 0.20%), beta-phellandrene (17.83 +/- 0.23%) and epi-cubebol (7.70 +/- 0.20%), respectively., Near East University, Experimental Health Sciences Research Center [SAG-1-2016-044], This work is a part of PhD thesis supported by Near East University, Experimental Health Sciences Research Center [Project No: SAG-1-2016-044]. the authors thanks to Anzarulhaqur Anwarulhaqur, Dr. for NMR spectroscopy and Mohammed Ayman Salkini for HRLCMS-MS measurements from Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, College of Pharmacy.

Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs) play an essential role in global health systems, since more than 80% of population use natural products in primary healthcare. Given that the global use of herbal medicines is exponentially increasing, as well as many MAPs products are introduced into the market, many cultivation practices are applied to produce high quality and standardized plant raw materials. Thus, the present study focuses on the chemical fingerprints of two cultivated Sideritis species. In Cyprus, Sideritis cypria Post and S. perfoliata L. subsp. perfoliata are widely used in traditional medicine. To date, there is no research work presenting the comparative chemical profiling between the aforesaid species using NMR methods. In this study, 1D and 2D NMR experiments were used to compare the chemical fingerprints of these species originated from conventional cultivation practices. Iridoids (ajugol, monomelittoside, and melittoside) and one flavone (4′-methyl-isoscutellarein 7-O-[6‴-O-acetyl]-β-D-allosyl(1→2)glucoside) were present in the infusion of S. perfoliata subsp. perfoliata. The phenylethanoid glycoside, acteoside, was detected in both samples. The phytochemical profiles of these cultivated species were similar to those of Sideritis species, indicating the positive impact of cultivation practices in MAPs.

Sideritis cypria Post is an endemic and endangered species of Northern Cyprus. The overall aim of the present study was to evaluate the total phenolic content, the antioxidant, the cytotoxic and the antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract obtained from the aerial parts of cultivated S. cypria. A bio-guided approach led to the isolation of 27 chemical compounds by using various analytical techniques. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The crude extract exerted strong antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP assays) which was attributed to its high total phenolic content. Furthermore, groups rich in phenolic content showed highest antioxidant property, whereas groups with phytosterols, diterpenoids and apigenin derivatives exerted cytotoxic effects in MDA-MB231 cancer cell line by the MTT method. Moreover, the cytotoxic activity of four isolated apigenin derivatives was evaluated in the same cancer cells. The antimicrobial activity of the extract and groups were measured, demonstrating lack of activity. To the best of our knowledge, this survey is the first report on the biological activities of the methanol extract of S. cypria.

WOS: 000399651800004, In this study, chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Sideritis cypria, which is an endemic taxon in Northern Cyprus, were investigated. The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In general, the GC and GC-MS analysis illustrated that fifty compounds were identified representing 96.9% of the oil. Major components were epi-cubebol (11.9%), trans-piperitol (8.9%) and pinene (8.1%), respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was tested by disc diffusion method against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Bacillus cereus (ATCC 10876), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) bacteria and Candida albicans (ATCC 90028) yeast. The results showed that the inhibition zone of S. cypria essential oil against C. albicans at maximum dose (10l) was higher than positive control Nystatin. The oil showed similar inhibitory zone to that of the positive control (TMP-SMX) against B. cereus at maximum dosage 10l. In addition, the inhibitory effect of the oil against E. coli measured only at the 10l as 10.33 +/- 0.58. Furthermore, the inhibition zones against S. aureus was ranged from 9.00 +/- 2.00 to 24.00 +/- 1.73 while P. aeruginosa was found to be resistant in all doses.

This study investigated seed germination of seven endemic, rare, and threatened aromatic plants of Cyprus, belonging to the Lamiaceae family. The majority of the seeds for most of the studied taxa are non-dormant. Seeds of Micromeria cypria, Salvia veneris, and Teucrium divaricatm ssp. canescens germinate in a narrow range of cool temperatures (10-20 °C) and at a slow rate. These characteristics are common in Mediterranean species, and favor germination after the beginning of the rainy season. Salvia willeana and Nepeta troodi, two species growing at high altitudes, germinate at even lower temperatures and with a considerably lower germination rate. In both species, treatment with GA3 is effective in enhancing germination at unfavorable temperatures, while chilling is effective only for S. willeana. Sideritis cypria seeds germinate promptly at a relatively wider temperature range (10-25 °C). Germinability in Teucrium divaricatum ssp. canescens can be enhanced by treatments with nitrates, GA3, and light. T...