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1. Arterial Hypertension in Women: State of the Art and Knowledge Gaps

Author

Niamh Chapman, Siew M. Ching, Aleksandra O. Konradi, Anne Monique Nuyt, Taskeen Khan, Betty Twumasi-Ankrah, Eun J. Cho, Aletta E. Schutte, Rhian M. Touyz, U. Muscha Steckelings, and Lizzy M. Brewster

Subjects
Internal Medicine
Abstract

Hypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature death among women globally. However, there is a fundamental lack of knowledge regarding the sex-specific pathophysiology of the condition. In addition, risk factors for hypertension and cardiovascular disease unique to women or female sex are insufficiently acknowledged in clinical guidelines. This review summarizes the existing evidence on women and female-specific risk factors and clinical management of hypertension, to identify critical knowledge gaps relevant to research, clinical practice, and women’s heart health awareness. Female-specific risk factors relate not only to reproduction, such as the association of gynecological conditions, adverse pregnancy outcomes or menopause with hypertension, but also to the specific roles of women in society and science, such as gender differences in received medical care and the underrepresentation of women in both the science workforce and as participants in research, which contribute to the limited evidence-based, gender- or sex-specific recommendations. A key point is that the development of hypertension starts in young, premenopausal women, often in association with disorders of reproductive organs, and therefore needs to be managed early in life to prevent future cardiovascular disease. Considering the lower blood pressure levels at which cardiovascular disease occurs, thresholds for diagnosis and treatment of hypertension may need to be lower for women.

Published
2023
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2. May Measurement Month 2019: The Global Blood Pressure Screening Campaign of the International Society of Hypertension

Author

Beaney, Thomas, Schutte, Aletta E, Stergiou, George S, Borghi, Claudio, Burger, Dylan, Charchar, Fadi, Cro, Suzie, Diaz, Alejandro, Damasceno, Albertino, Espeche, Walter, Jose, Arun Pulikkottil, Khan, Nadia, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Maheshwari, Anuj, Marin, Marcos J, More, Arun, Neupane, Dinesh, Nilsson, Peter, Patil, Mansi, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Ramirez, Agustin, Rodriguez, Pablo, Schlaich, Markus, Steckelings, Ulrike M, Tomaszewski, Maciej, Unger, Thomas, Wainford, Richard, Wang, Jiguang, Williams, Bryan, Poulter, Neil R, Michael H Olsen, Kristin T West-Gustave, Phillip D Levy, Vivian W. Y. Lee, Kenneth L Connell, Naima N. H. Hammoudi, Pascal Bovet, Bharathi Viswanathan, Sabine Perl, Bernard K Kramer, Adrian J. B. Brady, Olulola O Oladapo, Jephat Chifamba, Dejuma Y Goshu, Desalew M Kassie, Sintayehu A Gebru, Toure A Ibrahim, Soumana Kabirou, Elham Tavassoli, Mahsa Zolfaghari, Vahideh Yavari, Larysa Mishchenko, Olena Matova, Tetiana Kolenyk, Liliiya Zelenenka, Sergiy Fedorov, Maria Dorobantu, Alexandra Paval, Jesse Bittman, Biri Mangat, Sarah Melville, Alexander Leung, Neusa Jessen, Eamon Dolan, Hiroshi N. A. Itoh, Atul Pathak, Tine L. M. De Backer, Arman S Postadzhiyan, Osiris V Valoy-Tiburcio, Angel R Gonzalez-Medina, Laura G Valdez-Valoy, Fernando S Wyss, Erkin Mirrakhimov, Sunil K Nadar, Ana I Barrientos, Chukwuemeka R Nwokocha, Magdalene I Nwokocha, Dean Picone, Jun Yang, Yook C Chia, Siew M Ching, Bertrand F Ellenga Mbolla, Christian M Kouala Landa, Corine Y Houehanou, Kolawole W Wahab, Ayodele B Omotoso, Jose Ortellado, Graciela Gonzales, Luis M Ruilope, Enrique Rodilla, Ana Molinero, Angela J Woodiwiss, Ane Orchard, Ruan Kruger, Jana Brguljan, Nina Bozic, Aleksandra O Konradi, Oxana P Rotar, Irian Chazova, Tiny K Masupe, John T Tlhakanelo, Keneilwe Motlhatlhedi, George Stergiou, Michalis Doumas, Pantelis Zebekakis, Francesco P Cappuccio, Carolina Barciela, Tricia Tay, Naranjargal Dashdorj, Khulan Tuvdendarjaa, Khatantuul Boldbaatar, Fernando T Lanas, Melanie Paccot, Mohammed Ishaq, Saulat Sidique, Feroz Memon, Robert N Najem, Ali K Abu Alfa, Samir M. J. Mallat, Jacek J Jozwiak, Maciej Banach, Piotr Janowski, Betty Twumasi-Ankrah, Gustavus A Myers-Hansen, Elliot K Tannor, Marisa F Neto, Sudhirsen Kowlessur, Bhooshun Ori, Jaysing Heecharan, Hatem A Fageh, Hawa A Derbi, Omara M Msalam, Fastone M Goma, Charity Syatalimi, Penias Jr Tembo, Musawa Mukupa, Henry L Ndhlovu, Maureen L Chirwa, Mary M Mbeba, Parounak H Zelveian, Zoya N Hakobyan, Svetlana Gourgenyan, Myeong-Chan Cho, Hae-Young Lee, Jinho Shin, Gianfranco Parati, Guido Grassi, Claudio Ferri, Bezhan Tsinamdzgvrishvili, Amiran Gamkrelidze, Dali Trapaidze, Eduardo C. D. Barbosa, Weimar S Barroso, Audes M Feitosa, Vanda M Azevedo, Luis A Dias, Glenda N Garcia, Isaulina Delgado, Genc Burazeri, Gentiana Qirjako, Alban Ylli, Rudina Cumashi, Antonieta P Costantini-Olmos, Igor Morr, Elias Chuki, Tzung-Dau Wang, Wen-Jone Chen, Hung-Ju Lin, Fazila-Tun-Nesa Malik, Sohel R Choudhury, Mohammad Abdullah Al Mamun, Mir Ishraquzzaman, Ghadeer S Aljuraiban, Fatima Y Al Slail, Shatha K Aldhwailea, Ann A Badawi, Nguyen L Viet, Hoang A Tien, Nguyen T. A. Dong, Cao T Sinh, Huynh V Minh, Tran K Son, Fortunat K Katamba, Nathan B Buila, Anastase Dzudie, Samuel Kingue, Njume Epie, Armel Njomou, Marie S Ndom, Afzalhussein M Yusufali, Nooshin M Bazargani, Buthaina A. Bin Belaila, Amrish Agrawal, Aisha M Suhail, Elijah N Ogola, Bernard M Gitura, Lilian Mbau, Hellen K Nguchu, Felix A Barasa, Enrique Gomez, Luis A Alcocer, Martin Rosas, Silvia Palomo, Alfredo J Estrada, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo, Gregorio Sanchez-Vallejo, Maria E Casanova, Edgar Arcos, Gustavo Aroca, Bhagawan Koirala, Harikrishna Bhattarai, Ghanashyam Pandey, Surya Devkota, Sweta Koirala, Kamal Ranabhat, Pratik Khanal, Tara B Adhikari, Dolores D Bonzon, Deborah Ignacia D Ona, Leilani M Asis, Benjamin A Balmores Jr, Rafael C Castillo, Diego J Stisman, Walter G Espeche, Marcos J Marin, Irene L Ennis, Xin Chen, Hongyu Wang, Min Liu, Xinhua Yin, Xiaolong Wang, Sandeep Bhalla, Priyanka Gupta, Narsingh Verma, Bal K Gupta, Shehla Sheikh, Gregoire Wuerzner, Laura Garré, José Boggia, Dédonougbo M Houenassi, José A OctavioSeijas, Jean-René M'buyamba-Kabangu, Trésor M Tshiswaka, Dénes Páll, Zoltán Járai, Rafael Hernández, Fortunato Garcia Vásquez, Jesús A Lopez-Rivera, Monica L Gúzman-Franolic, Savarino Victoria Pereira, Mário J Fernandes, Maria S Garcia, Teresa Gijon, Vitoria V. B. Meira Da Cunha, Beaney T, Schutte AE, Stergiou GS, Borghi C, Burger D, Charchar F, Cro S, Diaz A, Damasceno A, Espeche W, Jose AP, Khan N, Kokubo Y, Maheshwari A, Marin MJ, More A, Neupane D, Nilsson P, Patil M, Prabhakaran D, Ramirez A, Rodriguez P, Schlaich M, Steckelings UM, Tomaszewski M, Unger T, Wainford R, Wang J, Williams B, Poulter NR, Thomas, B, Aletta E, S, George S, S, Claudio, B, Dylan, B, Fadi, C, Suzie, C, Alejandro, D, Albertino, D, Walter, E, Arun Pulikkottil, J, Nadia, K, Yoshihiro, K, Anuj, M, Marcos J, M, Arun, M, Dinesh, N, Peter, N, Mansi, P, Dorairaj, P, Agustin, R, Pablo, R, Markus, S, Ulrike M, S, Maciej, T, Thomas, U, Richard, W, Jiguang, W, Bryan, W, Neil R, P, H Olsen, M, T West-Gustave, K, D Levy, P, Lee, V, L Connell, K, Hammoudi, N, Bovet, P, Viswanathan, B, Perl, S, K Kramer, B, Brady, A, O Oladapo, O, Chifamba, J, Y Goshu, D, M Kassie, D, A Gebru, S, A Ibrahim, T, Kabirou, S, Tavassoli, E, Zolfaghari, M, Yavari, V, Mishchenko, L, Matova, O, Kolenyk, T, Zelenenka, L, Fedorov, S, Dorobantu, M, Paval, A, Bittman, J, Mangat, B, Melville, S, Leung, A, Jessen, N, Dolan, E, Itoh, H, Pathak, A, De Backer, T, S Postadzhiyan, A, V Valoy-Tiburcio, O, R Gonzalez-Medina, A, G Valdez-Valoy, L, S Wyss, F, Mirrakhimov, E, K Nadar, S, I Barrientos, A, R Nwokocha, C, I Nwokocha, M, Picone, D, Yang, J, C Chia, Y, M Ching, S, F Ellenga Mbolla, B, M Kouala Landa, C, Y Houehanou, C, W Wahab, K, B Omotoso, A, Ortellado, J, Gonzales, G, M Ruilope, L, Rodilla, E, Molinero, A, J Woodiwiss, A, Orchard, A, Kruger, R, Brguljan, J, Bozic, N, O Konradi, A, P Rotar, O, Chazova, I, K Masupe, T, T Tlhakanelo, J, Motlhatlhedi, K, Stergiou, G, Doumas, M, Zebekakis, P, P Cappuccio, F, Barciela, C, Tay, T, Dashdorj, N, Tuvdendarjaa, K, Boldbaatar, K, T Lanas, F, Paccot, M, Ishaq, M, Sidique, S, Memon, F, N Najem, R, K Abu Alfa, A, Mallat, S, J Jozwiak, J, Banach, M, Janowski, P, Twumasi-Ankrah, B, A Myers-Hansen, G, K Tannor, E, F Neto, M, Kowlessur, S, Ori, B, Heecharan, J, A Fageh, H, A Derbi, H, M Msalam, O, M Goma, F, Syatalimi, C, Jr Tembo, P, Mukupa, M, L Ndhlovu, H, L Chirwa, M, M Mbeba, M, H Zelveian, P, N Hakobyan, Z, Gourgenyan, S, Cho, M, Lee, H, Shin, J, Parati, G, Grassi, G, Ferri, C, Tsinamdzgvrishvili, B, Gamkrelidze, A, Trapaidze, D, Barbosa, E, S Barroso, W, M Feitosa, A, M Azevedo, V, A Dias, L, N Garcia, G, Delgado, I, Burazeri, G, Qirjako, G, Ylli, A, Cumashi, R, P Costantini-Olmos, A, Morr, I, Chuki, E, Wang, T, Chen, W, Lin, H, Malik, F, R Choudhury, S, Abdullah Al Mamun, M, Ishraquzzaman, M, S Aljuraiban, G, Y Al Slail, F, K Aldhwailea, S, A Badawi, A, L Viet, N, A Tien, H, Dong, N, T Sinh, C, V Minh, H, K Son, T, K Katamba, F, B Buila, N, Dzudie, A, Kingue, S, Epie, N, Njomou, A, S Ndom, M, M Yusufali, A, M Bazargani, N, Bin Belaila, B, Agrawal, A, M Suhail, A, N Ogola, E, M Gitura, B, Mbau, L, K Nguchu, H, A Barasa, F, Gomez, E, A Alcocer, L, Rosas, M, Palomo, S, J Estrada, A, Lopez-Jaramillo, P, Sanchez-Vallejo, G, E Casanova, M, Arcos, E, Aroca, G, Koirala, B, Bhattarai, H, Pandey, G, Devkota, S, Koirala, S, Ranabhat, K, Khanal, P, B Adhikari, T, D Bonzon, D, D Ona, D, M Asis, L, A Balmores Jr, B, C Castillo, R, J Stisman, D, G Espeche, W, J Marin, M, L Ennis, I, Chen, X, Wang, H, Liu, M, Yin, X, Wang, X, Bhalla, S, Gupta, P, Verma, N, K Gupta, B, Sheikh, S, Wuerzner, G, Garré, L, Boggia, J, M Houenassi, D, A OctavioSeijas, J, M'buyamba-Kabangu, J, M Tshiswaka, T, Páll, D, Járai, Z, Hernández, R, Garcia Vásquez, F, A Lopez-Rivera, J, L Gúzman-Franolic, M, Victoria Pereira, S, J Fernandes, M, S Garcia, M, Gijon, T, Meira Da Cunha, V, and RS: CARIM other

Subjects
Male, Population level, Comorbidity, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 0302 clinical medicine, Prevalence, adults, Medicine, Mass Screening, awareness, 030212 general & internal medicine, 1102 Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Aged, 80 and over, Aspirin, treatment, adults, awareness, blood pressure, hypertension, risk factor, screening, treatment, blood pressure, Middle Aged, Lifestyle factors, risk factor, Female, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, medicine.drug, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, hypertension, Adolescent, awarene, Opportunistic Sampling, Elevated blood, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Internal Medicine, Humans, Risk factor, Antihypertensive Agents, Aged, Science & Technology, business.industry, screening, Blood Pressure Determination, 1103 Clinical Sciences, Mean blood pressure, Blood pressure, Peripheral Vascular Disease, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Emergency medicine, Cardiovascular System & Cardiology, business, MMM Investigators
Abstract

Elevated blood pressure remains the single biggest risk factor contributing to the global burden of disease and mortality. May Measurement Month is an annual global screening campaign aiming to improve awareness of blood pressure at the individual and population level. Adults ({greater than or equal to}18 years) recruited through opportunistic sampling were screened at sites in 92 countries during May 2019. Ideally three blood pressure readings were measured for each participant, and data on lifestyle factors and co-morbidities were collected. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP {greater than or equal to} 140 mmHg, and/or a diastolic BP {greater than or equal to} 90 mmHg (mean of the second and third readings) or taking antihypertensive medication. When necessary, multiple imputation was used to estimate participants' mean blood pressure. Mixed-effects models were used to evaluate associations between blood pressure and participant characteristics. Of 1,508,130 screenees 482,273 (32.0%) had never had a blood pressure measurement before and 513,337 (34.0%) had hypertension, of whom 58.7% were aware and 54.7% were on antihypertensive medication. Of those on medication, 57.8% were controlled to

Published
2020
Full Text
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3. May measurement month 2019: The global blood pressure screening campaign of the international society of hypertension

Author

Thomas, B, Aletta E, S, George S, S, Claudio, B, Dylan, B, Fadi, C, Suzie, C, Alejandro, D, Albertino, D, Walter, E, Arun Pulikkottil, J, Nadia, K, Yoshihiro, K, Anuj, M, Marcos J, M, Arun, M, Dinesh, N, Peter, N, Mansi, P, Dorairaj, P, Agustin, R, Pablo, R, Markus, S, Ulrike M, S, Maciej, T, Thomas, U, Richard, W, Jiguang, W, Bryan, W, Neil R, P, H Olsen, M, T West-Gustave, K, D Levy, P, Lee, V, L Connell, K, Hammoudi, N, Bovet, P, Viswanathan, B, Perl, S, K Kramer, B, Brady, A, O Oladapo, O, Chifamba, J, Y Goshu, D, M Kassie, D, A Gebru, S, A Ibrahim, T, Kabirou, S, Tavassoli, E, Zolfaghari, M, Yavari, V, Mishchenko, L, Matova, O, Kolenyk, T, Zelenenka, L, Fedorov, S, Dorobantu, M, Paval, A, Bittman, J, Mangat, B, Melville, S, Leung, A, Jessen, N, Dolan, E, Itoh, H, Pathak, A, De Backer, T, S Postadzhiyan, A, V Valoy-Tiburcio, O, R Gonzalez-Medina, A, G Valdez-Valoy, L, S Wyss, F, Mirrakhimov, E, K Nadar, S, I Barrientos, A, R Nwokocha, C, I Nwokocha, M, Picone, D, Yang, J, C Chia, Y, M Ching, S, F Ellenga Mbolla, B, M Kouala Landa, C, Y Houehanou, C, W Wahab, K, B Omotoso, A, Ortellado, J, Gonzales, G, M Ruilope, L, Rodilla, E, Molinero, A, J Woodiwiss, A, Orchard, A, Kruger, R, Brguljan, J, Bozic, N, O Konradi, A, P Rotar, O, Chazova, I, K Masupe, T, T Tlhakanelo, J, Motlhatlhedi, K, Stergiou, G, Doumas, M, Zebekakis, P, P Cappuccio, F, Barciela, C, Tay, T, Dashdorj, N, Tuvdendarjaa, K, Boldbaatar, K, T Lanas, F, Paccot, M, Ishaq, M, Sidique, S, Memon, F, N Najem, R, K Abu Alfa, A, Mallat, S, J Jozwiak, J, Banach, M, Janowski, P, Twumasi-Ankrah, B, A Myers-Hansen, G, K Tannor, E, F Neto, M, Kowlessur, S, Ori, B, Heecharan, J, A Fageh, H, A Derbi, H, M Msalam, O, M Goma, F, Syatalimi, C, Jr Tembo, P, Mukupa, M, L Ndhlovu, H, L Chirwa, M, M Mbeba, M, H Zelveian, P, N Hakobyan, Z, Gourgenyan, S, Cho, M, Lee, H, Shin, J, Parati, G, Grassi, G, Ferri, C, Tsinamdzgvrishvili, B, Gamkrelidze, A, Trapaidze, D, Barbosa, E, S Barroso, W, M Feitosa, A, M Azevedo, V, A Dias, L, N Garcia, G, Delgado, I, Burazeri, G, Qirjako, G, Ylli, A, Cumashi, R, P Costantini-Olmos, A, Morr, I, Chuki, E, Wang, T, Chen, W, Lin, H, Malik, F, R Choudhury, S, Abdullah Al Mamun, M, Ishraquzzaman, M, S Aljuraiban, G, Y Al Slail, F, K Aldhwailea, S, A Badawi, A, L Viet, N, A Tien, H, Dong, N, T Sinh, C, V Minh, H, K Son, T, K Katamba, F, B Buila, N, Dzudie, A, Kingue, S, Epie, N, Njomou, A, S Ndom, M, M Yusufali, A, M Bazargani, N, Bin Belaila, B, Agrawal, A, M Suhail, A, N Ogola, E, M Gitura, B, Mbau, L, K Nguchu, H, A Barasa, F, Gomez, E, A Alcocer, L, Rosas, M, Palomo, S, J Estrada, A, Lopez-Jaramillo, P, Sanchez-Vallejo, G, E Casanova, M, Arcos, E, Aroca, G, Koirala, B, Bhattarai, H, Pandey, G, Devkota, S, Koirala, S, Ranabhat, K, Khanal, P, B Adhikari, T, D Bonzon, D, D Ona, D, M Asis, L, A Balmores Jr, B, C Castillo, R, J Stisman, D, G Espeche, W, J Marin, M, L Ennis, I, Chen, X, Wang, H, Liu, M, Yin, X, Wang, X, Bhalla, S, Gupta, P, Verma, N, K Gupta, B, Sheikh, S, Wuerzner, G, Garré, L, Boggia, J, M Houenassi, D, A OctavioSeijas, J, M'buyamba-Kabangu, J, M Tshiswaka, T, Páll, D, Járai, Z, Hernández, R, Garcia Vásquez, F, A Lopez-Rivera, J, L Gúzman-Franolic, M, Victoria Pereira, S, J Fernandes, M, S Garcia, M, Gijon, T, Meira Da Cunha, V, Beaney, Thomas, Schutte, Aletta E, Stergiou, George S, Borghi, Claudio, Burger, Dylan, Charchar, Fadi, Cro, Suzie, Diaz, Alejandro, Damasceno, Albertino, Espeche, Walter, Jose, Arun Pulikkottil, Khan, Nadia, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Maheshwari, Anuj, Marin, Marcos J, More, Arun, Neupane, Dinesh, Nilsson, Peter, Patil, Mansi, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Ramirez, Agustin, Rodriguez, Pablo, Schlaich, Markus, Steckelings, Ulrike M, Tomaszewski, Maciej, Unger, Thomas, Wainford, Richard, Wang, Jiguang, Williams, Bryan, Poulter, Neil R, Michael H Olsen, Kristin T West-Gustave, Phillip D Levy, Vivian W. Y. Lee, Kenneth L Connell, Naima N. H. Hammoudi, Pascal Bovet, Bharathi Viswanathan, Sabine Perl, Bernard K Kramer, Adrian J. B. Brady, Olulola O Oladapo, Jephat Chifamba, Dejuma Y Goshu, Desalew M Kassie, Sintayehu A Gebru, Toure A Ibrahim, Soumana Kabirou, Elham Tavassoli, Mahsa Zolfaghari, Vahideh Yavari, Larysa Mishchenko, Olena Matova, Tetiana Kolenyk, Liliiya Zelenenka, Sergiy Fedorov, Maria Dorobantu, Alexandra Paval, Jesse Bittman, Biri Mangat, Sarah Melville, Alexander Leung, Neusa Jessen, Eamon Dolan, Hiroshi N. A. Itoh, Atul Pathak, Tine L. M. De Backer, Arman S Postadzhiyan, Osiris V Valoy-Tiburcio, Angel R Gonzalez-Medina, Laura G Valdez-Valoy, Fernando S Wyss, Erkin Mirrakhimov, Sunil K Nadar, Ana I Barrientos, Chukwuemeka R Nwokocha, Magdalene I Nwokocha, Dean Picone, Jun Yang, Yook C Chia, Siew M Ching, Bertrand F Ellenga Mbolla, Christian M Kouala Landa, Corine Y Houehanou, Kolawole W Wahab, Ayodele B Omotoso, Jose Ortellado, Graciela Gonzales, Luis M Ruilope, Enrique Rodilla, Ana Molinero, Angela J Woodiwiss, Ane Orchard, Ruan Kruger, Jana Brguljan, Nina Bozic, Aleksandra O Konradi, Oxana P Rotar, Irian Chazova, Tiny K Masupe, John T Tlhakanelo, Keneilwe Motlhatlhedi, George Stergiou, Michalis Doumas, Pantelis Zebekakis, Francesco P Cappuccio, Carolina Barciela, Tricia Tay, Naranjargal Dashdorj, Khulan Tuvdendarjaa, Khatantuul Boldbaatar, Fernando T Lanas, Melanie Paccot, Mohammed Ishaq, Saulat Sidique, Feroz Memon, Robert N Najem, Ali K Abu Alfa, Samir M. J. Mallat, Jacek J Jozwiak, Maciej Banach, Piotr Janowski, Betty Twumasi-Ankrah, Gustavus A Myers-Hansen, Elliot K Tannor, Marisa F Neto, Sudhirsen Kowlessur, Bhooshun Ori, Jaysing Heecharan, Hatem A Fageh, Hawa A Derbi, Omara M Msalam, Fastone M Goma, Charity Syatalimi, Penias Jr Tembo, Musawa Mukupa, Henry L Ndhlovu, Maureen L Chirwa, Mary M Mbeba, Parounak H Zelveian, Zoya N Hakobyan, Svetlana Gourgenyan, Myeong-Chan Cho, Hae-Young Lee, Jinho Shin, Gianfranco Parati, Guido Grassi, Claudio Ferri, Bezhan Tsinamdzgvrishvili, Amiran Gamkrelidze, Dali Trapaidze, Eduardo C. D. Barbosa, Weimar S Barroso, Audes M Feitosa, Vanda M Azevedo, Luis A Dias, Glenda N Garcia, Isaulina Delgado, Genc Burazeri, Gentiana Qirjako, Alban Ylli, Rudina Cumashi, Antonieta P Costantini-Olmos, Igor Morr, Elias Chuki, Tzung-Dau Wang, Wen-Jone Chen, Hung-Ju Lin, Fazila-Tun-Nesa Malik, Sohel R Choudhury, Mohammad Abdullah Al Mamun, Mir Ishraquzzaman, Ghadeer S Aljuraiban, Fatima Y Al Slail, Shatha K Aldhwailea, Ann A Badawi, Nguyen L Viet, Hoang A Tien, Nguyen T. A. Dong, Cao T Sinh, Huynh V Minh, Tran K Son, Fortunat K Katamba, Nathan B Buila, Anastase Dzudie, Samuel Kingue, Njume Epie, Armel Njomou, Marie S Ndom, Afzalhussein M Yusufali, Nooshin M Bazargani, Buthaina A. Bin Belaila, Amrish Agrawal, Aisha M Suhail, Elijah N Ogola, Bernard M Gitura, Lilian Mbau, Hellen K Nguchu, Felix A Barasa, Enrique Gomez, Luis A Alcocer, Martin Rosas, Silvia Palomo, Alfredo J Estrada, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo, Gregorio Sanchez-Vallejo, Maria E Casanova, Edgar Arcos, Gustavo Aroca, Bhagawan Koirala, Harikrishna Bhattarai, Ghanashyam Pandey, Surya Devkota, Sweta Koirala, Kamal Ranabhat, Pratik Khanal, Tara B Adhikari, Dolores D Bonzon, Deborah Ignacia D Ona, Leilani M Asis, Benjamin A Balmores Jr, Rafael C Castillo, Diego J Stisman, Walter G Espeche, Marcos J Marin, Irene L Ennis, Xin Chen, Hongyu Wang, Min Liu, Xinhua Yin, Xiaolong Wang, Sandeep Bhalla, Priyanka Gupta, Narsingh Verma, Bal K Gupta, Shehla Sheikh, Gregoire Wuerzner, Laura Garré, José Boggia, Dédonougbo M Houenassi, José A OctavioSeijas, Jean-René M'buyamba-Kabangu, Trésor M Tshiswaka, Dénes Páll, Zoltán Járai, Rafael Hernández, Fortunato Garcia Vásquez, Jesús A Lopez-Rivera, Monica L Gúzman-Franolic, Savarino Victoria Pereira, Mário J Fernandes, Maria S Garcia, Teresa Gijon, Vitoria V. B. 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Y. Lee, Kenneth L Connell, Naima N. H. Hammoudi, Pascal Bovet, Bharathi Viswanathan, Sabine Perl, Bernard K Kramer, Adrian J. B. Brady, Olulola O Oladapo, Jephat Chifamba, Dejuma Y Goshu, Desalew M Kassie, Sintayehu A Gebru, Toure A Ibrahim, Soumana Kabirou, Elham Tavassoli, Mahsa Zolfaghari, Vahideh Yavari, Larysa Mishchenko, Olena Matova, Tetiana Kolenyk, Liliiya Zelenenka, Sergiy Fedorov, Maria Dorobantu, Alexandra Paval, Jesse Bittman, Biri Mangat, Sarah Melville, Alexander Leung, Neusa Jessen, Eamon Dolan, Hiroshi N. A. Itoh, Atul Pathak, Tine L. M. De Backer, Arman S Postadzhiyan, Osiris V Valoy-Tiburcio, Angel R Gonzalez-Medina, Laura G Valdez-Valoy, Fernando S Wyss, Erkin Mirrakhimov, Sunil K Nadar, Ana I Barrientos, Chukwuemeka R Nwokocha, Magdalene I Nwokocha, Dean Picone, Jun Yang, Yook C Chia, Siew M Ching, Bertrand F Ellenga Mbolla, Christian M Kouala Landa, Corine Y Houehanou, Kolawole W Wahab, Ayodele B Omotoso, Jose Ortellado, Graciela Gonzales, Luis M Ruilope, Enrique Rodilla, Ana Molinero, Angela J Woodiwiss, Ane Orchard, Ruan Kruger, Jana Brguljan, Nina Bozic, Aleksandra O Konradi, Oxana P Rotar, Irian Chazova, Tiny K Masupe, John T Tlhakanelo, Keneilwe Motlhatlhedi, George Stergiou, Michalis Doumas, Pantelis Zebekakis, Francesco P Cappuccio, Carolina Barciela, Tricia Tay, Naranjargal Dashdorj, Khulan Tuvdendarjaa, Khatantuul Boldbaatar, Fernando T Lanas, Melanie Paccot, Mohammed Ishaq, Saulat Sidique, Feroz Memon, Robert N Najem, Ali K Abu Alfa, Samir M. J. Mallat, Jacek J Jozwiak, Maciej Banach, Piotr Janowski, Betty Twumasi-Ankrah, Gustavus A Myers-Hansen, Elliot K Tannor, Marisa F Neto, Sudhirsen Kowlessur, Bhooshun Ori, Jaysing Heecharan, Hatem A Fageh, Hawa A Derbi, Omara M Msalam, Fastone M Goma, Charity Syatalimi, Penias Jr Tembo, Musawa Mukupa, Henry L Ndhlovu, Maureen L Chirwa, Mary M Mbeba, Parounak H Zelveian, Zoya N Hakobyan, Svetlana Gourgenyan, Myeong-Chan Cho, Hae-Young Lee, Jinho Shin, Gianfranco Parati, Guido Grassi, Claudio Ferri, Bezhan Tsinamdzgvrishvili, Amiran Gamkrelidze, Dali Trapaidze, Eduardo C. D. Barbosa, Weimar S Barroso, Audes M Feitosa, Vanda M Azevedo, Luis A Dias, Glenda N Garcia, Isaulina Delgado, Genc Burazeri, Gentiana Qirjako, Alban Ylli, Rudina Cumashi, Antonieta P Costantini-Olmos, Igor Morr, Elias Chuki, Tzung-Dau Wang, Wen-Jone Chen, Hung-Ju Lin, Fazila-Tun-Nesa Malik, Sohel R Choudhury, Mohammad Abdullah Al Mamun, Mir Ishraquzzaman, Ghadeer S Aljuraiban, Fatima Y Al Slail, Shatha K Aldhwailea, Ann A Badawi, Nguyen L Viet, Hoang A Tien, Nguyen T. A. Dong, Cao T Sinh, Huynh V Minh, Tran K Son, Fortunat K Katamba, Nathan B Buila, Anastase Dzudie, Samuel Kingue, Njume Epie, Armel Njomou, Marie S Ndom, Afzalhussein M Yusufali, Nooshin M Bazargani, Buthaina A. Bin Belaila, Amrish Agrawal, Aisha M Suhail, Elijah N Ogola, Bernard M Gitura, Lilian Mbau, Hellen K Nguchu, Felix A Barasa, Enrique Gomez, Luis A Alcocer, Martin Rosas, Silvia Palomo, Alfredo J Estrada, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo, Gregorio Sanchez-Vallejo, Maria E Casanova, Edgar Arcos, Gustavo Aroca, Bhagawan Koirala, Harikrishna Bhattarai, Ghanashyam Pandey, Surya Devkota, Sweta Koirala, Kamal Ranabhat, Pratik Khanal, Tara B Adhikari, Dolores D Bonzon, Deborah Ignacia D Ona, Leilani M Asis, Benjamin A Balmores Jr, Rafael C Castillo, Diego J Stisman, Walter G Espeche, Marcos J Marin, Irene L Ennis, Xin Chen, Hongyu Wang, Min Liu, Xinhua Yin, Xiaolong Wang, Sandeep Bhalla, Priyanka Gupta, Narsingh Verma, Bal K Gupta, Shehla Sheikh, Gregoire Wuerzner, Laura Garré, José Boggia, Dédonougbo M Houenassi, José A OctavioSeijas, Jean-René M'buyamba-Kabangu, Trésor M Tshiswaka, Dénes Páll, Zoltán Járai, Rafael Hernández, Fortunato Garcia Vásquez, Jesús A Lopez-Rivera, Monica L Gúzman-Franolic, Savarino Victoria Pereira, Mário J Fernandes, Maria S Garcia, Teresa Gijon, and Vitoria V. B. Meira Da Cunha

Abstract

Elevated blood pressure remains the single biggest risk factor contributing to the global burden of disease and mortality. May Measurement Month is an annual global screening campaign aiming to improve awareness of blood pressure at the individual and population level. Adults (≥18 years) recruited through opportunistic sampling were screened at sites in 92 countries during May 2019. Ideally, 3 blood pressure readings were measured for each participant, and data on lifestyle factors and comorbidities were collected. Hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg, or a diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg (mean of the second and third readings) or taking antihypertensive medication. When necessary, multiple imputation was used to estimate participants' mean blood pressure. Mixed-effects models were used to evaluate associations between blood pressure and participant characteristics. Of 1 508 130 screenees 482 273 (32.0%) had never had a blood pressure measurement before and 513 337 (34.0%) had hypertension, of whom 58.7% were aware, and 54.7% were on antihypertensive medication. Of those on medication, 57.8% were controlled to <140/90 mm Hg, and 28.9% to <130/80 mm Hg. Of all those with hypertension, 31.7% were controlled to <140/90 mm Hg, and 350 825 (23.3%) participants had untreated or inadequately treated hypertension. Of those taking antihypertensive medication, half were taking only a single drug, and 25% reported using aspirin inappropriately. This survey is the largest ever synchronized and standardized contemporary compilation of global blood pressure data. This campaign is needed as a temporary substitute for systematic blood pressure screening in many countries worldwide.

Published
2020

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